Changes in Widespread Pain After Surgical Weight Loss in Racialized Adults: A Secondary Analysis From a 2-Year Longitudinal Study.

Widespread pain (WP) is associated with reduced function and disability. Importantly, three-fourths of the approximately 42% of U.S.

The role of plastics in allergy, immunology, and human health: What the clinician needs to know and can do about it.

The effects of plastics on human health include allergy, atopy, asthma, and immune disruption, but the consequences of chemicals used in plastic materials span nearly every organ system and age group as well. Behavioral interventions to reduce plastic chemical exposures have reduced exposure in low- and high-income populations, yet health care providers know little about plastic chemical effects and seldom offer steps to patients to limit exposure. Health care facilities also use many products that increase the risk of chemical exposures, particularly for at-risk populations such as children in neonatal intensive care units.

Influence of the food environment on obesity risk in a large cohort of US veterans by community type.

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine relationships between the food environment and obesity by community type.

Methods: Using electronic health record data from the US Veterans Administration Diabetes Risk (VADR) cohort, we examined associations between the percentage of supermarkets and fast-food restaurants with obesity prevalence from 2008 to 2018. We constructed multivariable logistic regression models with random effects and interaction terms for year and food environment variables.

Chemicals Used in Plastic Materials: An Estimate of the Attributable Disease Burden and Costs in the United States.

Context: Chemicals used in plastics have been described to contribute to disease and disability, but attributable fractions have not been quantified to assess specific contributions. Without this information, interventions proposed as part of the Global Plastics Treaty cannot be evaluated for potential benefits.

Objective: To accurately inform the tradeoffs involved in the ongoing reliance on plastic production as a source of economic productivity in the United States, we calculated the attributable disease burden and cost due to chemicals used in plastic materials in 2018.

The Global Plastics Treaty: An Endocrinologist's Assessment.

Plastics are everywhere. They are in many goods that we use every day. However, they are also a source of pollution.

Endocrine-disrupting chemicals: Mainstream recognition of health effects and implications for the practicing internist.

Rapidly advancing evidence documents that a broad array of synthetic chemicals found ubiquitously in the environment contribute to disease and disability across the lifespan. Although the early literature focused on early life exposures, endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are now understood to contribute substantially to chronic disease in adulthood, especially metabolic, cardiovascular, and reproductive consequences as well as endocrine cancers. The contribution to mortality is substantial, with over 90,000 deaths annually and at least $39 billion/year in lost economic productivity in the United States (US) due to exposure to certain phthalates that are used as plasticizers in food packaging.

Association between racial residential segregation and walkability in 745 U.S. cities.

Despite higher chronic disease prevalence, minoritized populations live in highly walkable neighborhoods in US cities more frequently than non-minoritized populations. We investigated whether city-level racial residential segregation (RRS) was associated with city-level walkability, stratified by population density, possibly explaining this counterintuitive association. RRS for Black-White and Latino-White segregation in large US cities was calculated using the Index of Dissimilarity (ID), and walkability was measured using WalkScore.

Hospital concentration and low-income populations: Evidence from New York State Medicaid.

While a large body of evidence has examined hospital concentration, its effects on health care for low-income populations are less explored. We use comprehensive discharge data from New York State to measure the effects of changes in market concentration on hospital-level inpatient Medicaid volumes. Holding fixed hospital factors constant, a one percent increase in HHI leads to a 0.

Multigenerational Impacts of Childhood Access to the Safety Net: Early Life Exposure to Medicaid and the Next Generation's Health.

We examine multi-generational impacts of positive in utero health interventions using a new research design that exploits sharp increases in prenatal Medicaid eligibility that occurred in some states. Our analyses are based on U.S.

Prenatal oxidative stress and rapid infant weight gain.

Background And Objectives: Infant weight patterns predict subsequent weight outcomes. Rapid infant weight gain, defined as a >0.67 increase in weight-for-age z-score (WAZ) between two time points in infancy, increases obesity risk.

Impact of land use and food environment on risk of type 2 diabetes: A national study of veterans, 2008-2018.

Background: Large-scale longitudinal studies evaluating influences of the built environment on risk for type 2 diabetes (T2D) are scarce, and findings have been inconsistent.

Objective: To evaluate whether land use environment (LUE), a proxy of neighborhood walkability, is associated with T2D risk across different US community types, and to assess whether the association is modified by food environment.

Methods: The Veteran's Administration Diabetes Risk (VADR) study is a retrospective cohort of diabetes-free US veteran patients enrolled in VA primary care facilities nationwide from January 1, 2008, to December 31, 2016, and followed longitudinally through December 31, 2018.

Eviction, Healthcare Utilization, and Disenrollment Among New York City Medicaid Patients.

Introduction: Although growing evidence links residential evictions to health, little work has examined connections between eviction and healthcare utilization or access. In this study, eviction records are linked to Medicaid claims to estimate short-term associations between eviction and healthcare utilization, as well as Medicaid disenrollment.

Methods: New York City eviction records from 2017 were linked to New York State Medicaid claims, with 1,300 evicted patients matched to 261,855 non-evicted patients with similar past healthcare utilization, demographics, and neighborhoods.

Longitudinal Analysis of Neighborhood Food Environment and Diabetes Risk in the Veterans Administration Diabetes Risk Cohort.

Importance: Diabetes causes substantial morbidity and mortality among adults in the US, yet its incidence varies across the country, suggesting that neighborhood factors are associated with geographical disparities in diabetes.

Objective: To examine the association between neighborhood food environment and risk of incident type 2 diabetes across different community types (high-density urban, low-density urban, suburban, and rural).

Design, Setting, And Participants: This is a national cohort study of 4 100 650 US veterans without type 2 diabetes.

Age-dependent association of obesity with COVID-19 severity in paediatric patients.

Background: Limited research has addressed the obesity-COVID-19 severity association in paediatric patients.

Objective: To determine whether obesity is an independent risk factor for COVID-19 severity in paediatric patients and whether age modifies this association.

Methods: SARS-CoV-2-positive patients at NYU Langone Health from 1 March 2020 to 3 January 2021 aged 0-21 years with available anthropometric measurements: weight, length/height and/or body mass index (BMI).

A facilitation model for implementing quality improvement practices to enhance outpatient substance use disorder treatment outcomes: a stepped-wedge randomized controlled trial study protocol.

Background: The misuse of and addiction to opioids is a national crisis that affects public health as well as social and economic welfare. There is an urgent need for strategies to improve opioid use disorder treatment quality (e.g.

After Covid-19, The US Statistical System Needs to Change.

calls for a new, more democratic, public data infrastructure.

Healthful and less-healthful foods and drinks from storefront and non-storefront businesses: implications for 'food deserts', 'food swamps' and food-source disparities.

Objective: Conceptualisations of 'food deserts' (areas lacking healthful food/drink) and 'food swamps' (areas overwhelm by less-healthful fare) may be both inaccurate and incomplete. Our objective was to more accurately and completely characterise food/drink availability in urban areas.

Design: Cross-sectional assessment of select healthful and less-healthful food/drink offerings from storefront businesses (stores, restaurants) and non-storefront businesses (street vendors).

Bundling Rapid Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Hepatitis C Virus Testing to Increase Receipt of Test Results: A Randomized Trial.

Background: The overlapping human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) epidemics disproportionately affect people with substance use disorders. However, many people who use substances remain unaware of their infection(s).

Objective: The objective of this study was to examine the efficacy of an on-site bundled rapid HIV and HCV testing strategy in increasing receipt of both HIV and HCV test results.

Government data . ground observation for food-environment assessment: businesses missed and misreported by city and state inspection records.

Objective: To assess the accuracy of government inspection records, relative to ground observation, for identifying businesses offering foods/drinks.

Design: Agreement between city and state inspection records v. ground observations at two levels: businesses and street segments.

Predicting childhood obesity using electronic health records and publicly available data.

Background: Because of the strong link between childhood obesity and adulthood obesity comorbidities, and the difficulty in decreasing body mass index (BMI) later in life, effective strategies are needed to address this condition in early childhood. The ability to predict obesity before age five could be a useful tool, allowing prevention strategies to focus on high risk children. The few existing prediction models for obesity in childhood have primarily employed data from longitudinal cohort studies, relying on difficult to collect data that are not readily available to all practitioners.

Correction to: Change in Obesity Prevalence among New York City Adults: the NYC Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2004 and 2013-2014.

Readers should note the following two typographical errors in this article.