One-Pot Assay Based on CRISPR/Cas13a Technology for HEV RNA Point-of-Care Testing.

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) poses a serious threat to both public health and animal food safety, thereby highlighting the demands for rapid, sensitive, and easy-to-use detection. This study aimed to develop a One-Pot assay using CRISPR/Cas13a for detecting HEV RNA, suitable for point-of-care testing (POCT) in resource-limited settings. CRISPR/Cas13a combined with reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and reverse transcription recombinase-aided amplification (RT-RAA) was applied to a One-Pot assay device.

What participants are told about receiving trial results when they consent to participate in a trial.

In a 2022 consultation, the UK public highlighted the need to disseminate trial results to participants. We assess whether the information provided to trial participants in publicly available participant information sheets (PISs) of trials conducted in the UK is helpful for future trials. This cross-sectional study is based on a search conducted on 18 August 2023 on ClinicalTrials.

Epilepsy is associated with the accelerated aging of brain activity in sleep.

Objective: Although seizures are the cardinal feature, epilepsy is associated with other forms of brain dysfunction including impaired cognition, abnormal sleep, and increased risk of developing dementia. We hypothesized that, given the widespread neurologic dysfunction caused by epilepsy, accelerated brain aging would be seen. We measured the sleep-based brain age index (BAI) in a diverse group of patients with epilepsy.

Prospective Evaluation of Clinical Outcomes of the Subchondroplasty® Procedure for Treatment of Symptomatic Bone Marrow Lesions of the Knee.

Introduction: Bone Marrow Lesions (BMLs) have a strong correlation to patient reported pain, functional limitations, joint deterioration, and rapid progression to total knee arthroplasty. The Subchondroplasty® (SCP) Procedure uses AccuFill®, a calcium phosphate bone substitute material (BSM), to treat bone defects such as microtrabecular fractures and BML.

Methods: This observational, prospective, multicenter, cohort study evaluated the effect of the SCP Procedure at two-year follow-up for 70 patients with knee BML.

Self-improving generative foundation model for synthetic medical image generation and clinical applications.

In many clinical and research settings, the scarcity of high-quality medical imaging datasets has hampered the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) clinical applications. This issue is particularly pronounced in less common conditions, underrepresented populations and emerging imaging modalities, where the availability of diverse and comprehensive datasets is often inadequate. To address this challenge, we introduce a unified medical image-text generative model called MINIM that is capable of synthesizing medical images of various organs across various imaging modalities based on textual instructions.

Leptomeningeal metastatic disease: new frontiers and future directions.

Leptomeningeal metastatic disease (LMD), encompassing entities of 'meningeal carcinomatosis', neoplastic meningitis' and 'leukaemic/lymphomatous meningitis', arises secondary to the metastatic dissemination of cancer cells from extracranial and certain intracranial malignancies into the leptomeninges and cerebrospinal fluid. The clinical burden of LMD has been increasing secondary to more sensitive diagnostics, aggressive local therapies for discrete brain metastases, and improved management of extracranial disease with targeted and immunotherapeutic agents, resulting in improved survival. However, owing to drug delivery challenges and the unique microenvironment of LMD, novel therapies against systemic disease have not yet translated into improved outcomes for these patients.

Survey on Cardiologists' Perspectives on Cardiac Point of Care Ultrasound (POCUS).

: Cardiac point of care ultrasound (POCUS) has been used with increasing frequency. As a result of this trend, this study sought to characterize cardiologists' perspectives on cardiac POCUS. An 18-question survey on demographics, cardiac POCUS clinical practice, education, and infrastructure was distributed by 16 academic medical centers.

A review of major reconstructive and gender-affirming surgical techniques in genital surgery and care for the transgender patient population.

The transgender community makes up a significant portion of the American population, yet there is a paucity of data available to surgeons and anesthesiologists. The purpose of this article is to provide information to surgeons, anesthesiologists, and other medical professionals. This narrative review explores the importance of medical information that healthcare professionals should be aware of ahead of gender-affirming surgeries.

Incremental hemodialysis transition in veterans and nonveterans with kidney failure.

Purpose Of Review: Initiation of hemodialysis treatment with a thrice-weekly prescription is currently the standard of care irrespective of patients' residual kidney function (RKF), comorbidities, and preferences.

Recent Findings: Each year ∼12 000 Veterans with advanced kidney disease progress to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) requiring dialysis and comprise greater than 10% of the US incident ESKD population. Dialysis is costly and is associated with impaired health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and high mortality risk, especially in the first year of treatment.

Frailty integration in medical specialties: Current evidence and suggested strategies from the Clin-STAR frailty interest group.

Frailty is a syndrome that can inform clinical treatments and interventions for older adults. Although implementation of frailty across medical subspecialties has the potential to improve care for the aging population, its uptake has been heterogenous. While frailty assessment is highly integrated into certain medical subspecialties, other subspecialties have only recently begun to consider frailty in the context of patient care.

Quantitative and Morphology-Based Deep Convolutional Neural Network Approaches for Osteosarcoma Survival Prediction in the Neoadjuvant and Metastatic Setting.

Purpose: Necrosis quantification in the neoadjuvant setting using pathology slide review is the most important validated prognostic marker in conventional osteosarcoma. Herein, we explored three deep learning strategies on histology samples to predict outcome for OSA in the neoadjuvant setting.

Experimental Design: Our study relies on a training cohort from New York University (New York, NY) and an external cohort from Charles university (Prague, Czechia).

Despite a Multifactorial Etiology, Rates of Distal Junctional Kyphosis After Adult Cervical Deformity Corrective Surgery Can be Dramatically Diminished by Optimizing Age Specific Radiographic Improvement.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study of a prospectively collected single-center database.

Objective: Distal Junctional Kyphosis (DJK) is one of the most common complications in adult cervical deformity (ACD) correction. The utility of radiographic alignment alone in predicting and minimizing DJK occurrence warrants further study.

Ketogenic Food Ameliorates Activity-Based Anorexia of Adult Female Mice.

Objective: Genome-wide association studies implicate metabo-psychiatric origins for anorexia nervosa (AN). There are two case reports totaling six adult females who experienced complete remission of AN following a treatment comprised of ketogenic diet (targeting metabolism) with ketamine infusions (targeting psychiatric origins), but no study has determined the efficacy of ketogenic diet, alone. We addressed this gap in knowledge, with exploration of potential molecular mechanisms, using an animal model.

Economics and Equity of Large Language Models: Health Care Perspective.

Large language models (LLMs) continue to exhibit noteworthy capabilities across a spectrum of areas, including emerging proficiencies across the health care continuum. Successful LLM implementation and adoption depend on digital readiness, modern infrastructure, a trained workforce, privacy, and an ethical regulatory landscape. These factors can vary significantly across health care ecosystems, dictating the choice of a particular LLM implementation pathway.

Tenofovir and Hepatitis B Virus Transmission During Pregnancy: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Standard care for preventing mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in highly viremic mothers consists of maternal antiviral prophylaxis beginning at gestational week 28 combined with an HBV vaccine series and HBV immune globulin (HBIG) at birth. However, HBIG is unavailable in some resource-limited areas.

Objective: To determine whether initiating tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) at gestational week 16 combined with HBV vaccinations for infants is noninferior to the standard care of TDF at gestational week 28 combined with HBV vaccinations and HBIG for infants in preventing MTCT in mothers with HBV and high levels of viremia.

Guarding against digestive-system cancers: Unveiling the role of Chk2 as a potential therapeutic target.

Digestive-system cancers represent major threats to human health; however, the mechanisms underlying tumorigenesis and radiochemotherapy resistance have remained elusive. Therefore, an urgent need exists for identifying key drivers of digestive system tumorigenesis and novel targeted therapeutics. The checkpoint kinase 2 (Chk2) regulates cell-cycle progression, and Chk2 dysregulation or Chk2 mutations can lead to the development of various cancers, which makes Chk2 an important research topic.

Individual control of input rate improves recall of spoken discourse by adult users of cochlear implants: An exploratory study.

Although cochlear implants (CI) successfully replace the sense of hearing, they do not restore natural hearing. Still, CI users adapt to this novel signal, reaching meaningful levels of speech recognition in clinical tests that focus on repetition of words and short sentences. However, many patients who score above average in clinical speech perception tests complain that everyday speech interactions are both difficult and cognitively draining.

Zoom71 navigation: Does tip orientation matter?

Background: Aspiration thrombectomy is one of the mainstays for stroke interventions. The Zoom 71 (Z71) aspiration catheter is unique with its angled tip. This study describes the orientation of the angled tip as it is navigated around the carotid siphon in relation to trackability.

Treatment of adult spine deformity: A retrospective comparison of bone morphogenic protein and bone marrow aspirate with bone allograft.

Unlabelled: BACKGROUND  : The use of bone morphogenic protein (BMP-2) in adult spine deformity (ASD) surgery remains controversial more than two decades following its approval for clinical application in spine surgery. This study was performed to assess outcomes in patients undergoing ASD surgery with BMP application compared with a combination of bone marrow aspirate, cancellous bone chips and i-Factor.

Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study.