Placental Infections.

This comprehensive review examines the effects of various infections on pregnancy, focusing on maternal symptoms, fetal outcomes, diagnostic methods, and placental pathology. The paper covers bacterial, viral, and parasitic infections, their mechanisms of transmission, clinical presentations, and histopathologic findings in the placenta. It emphasizes the importance of early detection and intervention, highlighting the challenges in diagnosis due to often asymptomatic presentations.

A novel mutation, Ile344Asn, in microsomal triglyceride transfer protein abolishes binding to protein disulfide isomerase.

Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) plays crucial roles in the assembly and secretion of apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins and loss of function MTP variants are associated with abetalipoproteinemia, a disease characterized by the absence of these lipoproteins. MTP is a heterodimeric protein of two subunits, MTP and protein disulfide isomerase (PDI). In this study, we report a proband with abetalipoproteinemia who was monitored annually over a period of ten years in her third decade and had very low plasma lipids and undetectable apoB-containing lipoproteins.

Diagnostic Performance of Multiparametric MRI for Detection of Prostate Cancer After Focal Therapy.

Background: Minimally invasive focal therapy of low- to intermediate-risk prostate cancer is becoming more common and has demonstrated lower morbidity compared to other treatments. Multiparametric prostate magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) has the potential to be an effective posttreatment evaluation method for residual/recurrent neoplasm.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the ability of mpMRI to detect residual/recurrent neoplasm after focal therapy treatment of prostate cancer using a 3-point Likert scale.

Retroverted Uterus in the First Trimester and Associated Pregnancy Outcomes.

Objective:  This study aimed to investigate if retroverted (RV) uterus noted on nuchal translucency (NT) ultrasound is associated with second-trimester pregnancy loss and other adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Study Design:  This was a retrospective cohort study of patients with RV uterus documented on NT ultrasound at a single academic medical center from October 2019 to March 2023. Subjects were identified using a query for "retroverted" uterine position within an obstetric ultrasound imaging program.

Split-Thickness Skin Grafting for the Management of Traumatic Pretibial Hematomas.

Pretibial traumatic hematomas, a subtype of subcutaneous tension hematomas, are a frequent but understudied injury seen predominantly among the elderly. This patient cohort has a high incidence of comorbidities and frailty. They are frequently taking antiplatelet medications and systemic anticoagulants.

Structural and social determinants of health: The multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis.

Background: Researchers have increasingly recognized the importance of structural and social determinants of health (SSDOH) as key drivers of a multitude of diseases and health outcomes. The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) is an ongoing, longitudinal cohort study of subclinical cardiovascular disease (CVD) that has followed geographically and racially/ethnically diverse participants starting in 2000. Since its inception, MESA has incorporated numerous SSDOH assessments and instruments to study in relation to CVD and aging outcomes.

Cognitive Function and the Consumption of Probiotic Foods: A National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Study.

Impaired cognition is a key trait of the diseases of aging and is an important quality of life factor for older adults and their families. Over the past decade, there has been an increasing appreciation for the role of the microbiome in cognition, as well as emerging evidence that probiotics, such as those in yogurt and other dairy products, can have a positive impact on cognitive function. However, it is unclear to what extent the consumption of yogurt is associated with improved cognitive function in older adults.

Female C57BL/6 mice exhibit protection against nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and diabesity accompanied by differential regulation of hepatic lipocalin prostaglandin D synthase.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its development into nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are challenging health concerns globally. Clinically, the prevalence and severity of NAFLD/NASH are higher in men than in premenopausal women. NAFLD is strongly correlated with obesity, both of which are tied to high-fat/fructose-rich western diets.

Out of sight, into mind: a socioecological model-informed qualitative study on barriers and facilitators to hepatitis B care among West African immigrants in the Bronx, New York.

Background: There is a high burden of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in West Africa. Over the past 20 years, West African immigration to the United States (U.S.

Role of Apolipoprotein E in Alzheimer's Disease Pathogenesis, Prognosis and Treatment.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an incurable and progressive neurodegenerative disease with increasing prevalence worldwide. Previous trials of anti-amyloid and anti-tau immunotherapy indicate that additional research needs to be conducted on other mechanisms to find curative or disease-modifying therapy. This review focuses on apolipoprotein E (ApoE), a critical protein in brain lipid metabolism that acts specifically in the clearance and transport of lipids and cholesterol.

FITM2 deficiency results in ER lipid accumulation, ER stress, and reduced apolipoprotein B lipidation and VLDL triglyceride secretion in vitro and in mouse liver.

Objective: Triglycerides (TGs) associate with apolipoprotein B100 (apoB100) to form very low density lipoproteins (VLDLs) in the liver. The repertoire of factors that facilitate this association is incompletely understood. FITM2, an integral endoplasmic reticulum (ER) protein, was originally discovered as a factor participating in cytosolic lipid droplet (LD) biogenesis in tissues that do not form VLDL.

Can large language models address unmet patient information needs and reduce provider burnout in the management of thyroid disease?

Background: Patient electronic messaging has increased clinician workload contributing to burnout. Large language models can respond to these patient queries, but no studies exist on large language model responses in thyroid disease.

Methods: This cross-sectional study randomly selected 33 of 52 patient questions found on Reddit/askdocs.

Potpourri of Contrast Controversies and Myths: Where Is the Actual Evidence?

There are many misconceptions related to the usage of intravenous contrast agents for medical imaging. These misconceptions can affect patient care, as they can lead to nonoptimal examination usage. Knowledge of the current contrast-related misconceptions can help radiologists provide higher quality care to their patients.