Longitudinal change in physical activity and adiposity in the transition from adolescence to early adulthood: the 1993 Pelotas cohort study.

Background: In the current Physical Activity Guidelines (PAG) for moderate- and vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA), abrupt transition from ≥ 60 min/day [youth PAG] to ≥ 150 min/week (≥ 22 min/day on average) [adult PAG] during emerging adulthood is poorly justified. The aim of this study was to examine body fat mass changes according to whether meeting the youth and adult PAGs in late adolescence (age 18 years) to early adulthood (age 22 years).

Methods: The study sample included 2,099 participants (1,113 females) from the 1993 Pelotas (Brazil) Study.

Age Differences in Recovery Rate Following an Aerobic-Based Exercise Protocol Inducing Muscle Damage Among Amateur, Male Athletes.

Compare recovery rates between active young (Y) and middle-aged (MA) males up to 48H post aerobically based, exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) protocol. A secondary aim was to explore the relationships between changes in indices associated with EIMD and recovery throughout this timeframe. Twenty-eight Y ( = 14, 26.

The difference between cystatin C- and creatinine-based assessment of kidney function in acute heart failure.

Aims: Acute heart failure (HF) is associated with muscle mass loss, potentially leading to overestimation of kidney function using serum creatinine-based estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR ). Cystatin C-based eGFR (eGFR ) is less muscle mass dependent. Changes in the difference between eGFR and eGFR may reflect muscle mass loss.

Study of Ce, Ca, Fe, and Mn-Doped LaCoO Perovskite Oxide for the Four-Way Purification of PM, NO, CO, and HC from Diesel Engine Exhaust.

Perovskite-type catalysts were widely used in the field of automobile exhaust purification due to their inherent physicochemical properties and excellent doping characteristics. A series of LaMCoNO (M = Ce, Ca; N = Fe, Mn) perovskite-type catalyst samples were prepared by sol-gel method for the four-way purification of PM, NO, CO, and HC emitted by diesel exhaust. The activity of catalyst samples was tested by simulation experiments and hydrogen temperature-programmed reduction (H-TPR).

Mapping information-rich genotype-phenotype landscapes with genome-scale Perturb-seq.

A central goal of genetics is to define the relationships between genotypes and phenotypes. High-content phenotypic screens such as Perturb-seq (CRISPR-based screens with single-cell RNA-sequencing readouts) enable massively parallel functional genomic mapping but, to date, have been used at limited scales. Here, we perform genome-scale Perturb-seq targeting all expressed genes with CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) across >2.

A Novel High-Performance TiO /TiO N Coating Material for Silicon Anode in Lithium-Ion Batteries.

Protective surface coatings on Si anodes are promising for improving the electrochemical performance of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Nevertheless, most coating materials have severe issues, including low initial coulombic efficiency, structural fracture, morphology control, and complicated synthetic processing. In this study, a multifunctional TiO /TiO N (TTN) formed via a facile and scalable synthetic process is applied as a coating material for Si anodes.

Impact of Intraprocedural Sedation on Adrenal Vein Sampling without Corticotropin Stimulation.

See also the editorial by Georgiades in this issue.

Cross-tissue immune cell analysis reveals tissue-specific features in humans.

Despite their crucial role in health and disease, our knowledge of immune cells within human tissues remains limited. We surveyed the immune compartment of 16 tissues from 12 adult donors by single-cell RNA sequencing and VDJ sequencing generating a dataset of ~360,000 cells. To systematically resolve immune cell heterogeneity across tissues, we developed CellTypist, a machine learning tool for rapid and precise cell type annotation.

Dental-Pulp Stem Cells as a Therapeutic Strategy for Ischemic Stroke.

Regenerative medicine aims to restore human functions by regenerating organs and tissues using stem cells or living tissues for the treatment of organ and tissue defects or dysfunction. Clinical trials investigating the treatment of cerebral infarction using mesenchymal stem cells, a type of somatic stem cell therapy, are underway. The development and production of regenerative medicines using somatic stem cells is expected to contribute to the treatment of cerebral infarction, a central nervous system disease for which there is no effective treatment.

Daily Intake of a Functional Synbiotic Yogurt Increases Calcium Absorption in Young Adult Women.

Background: Foods containing both prebiotics and probiotics (synbiotics) might enhance calcium bioavailability.

Objectives: We investigated the acute effect in young adult women on calcium absorption of consuming (185 mL) a synbiotic yogurt (SYN) containing inulin (4 g) and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (>1 × 107 CFU/mL) compared with a control yogurt (CON).

Methods: Adult normal-weight women (25.

Inferring gene expression from cell-free DNA fragmentation profiles.

Profiling of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in the bloodstream shows promise for noninvasive cancer detection. Chromatin fragmentation features have previously been explored to infer gene expression profiles from cell-free DNA (cfDNA), but current fragmentomic methods require high concentrations of tumor-derived DNA and provide limited resolution. Here we describe promoter fragmentation entropy as an epigenomic cfDNA feature that predicts RNA expression levels at individual genes.

A prospective, single-arm trial of fluorescent ureteroscopy-assisted thulium-holmium:YAG dual laser ablation for upper urinary tract cancer: Study protocol of the FLUAM trial.

Background: Latest guidelines recommend kidney-sparing management as the primary treatment option for selected patients with upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC). One of the biggest issues of ureteroscopic laser ablation (ULA) is a high rate of surgical site recurrence, which is largely attributed to residual lesions at the initial ULA. Another clinical issue is a significant lack of non-invasive reliable detection tools of urinary recurrent tumors in this treatment setting.

Involvement of Histamine H Receptor Agonism in Premature Ejaculation Found by Studies in Rats.

Several of the drugs currently available for the treatment of premature ejaculation (PE) (e.g., local anesthetics or antidepressants) are associated with numerous safety concerns and exhibit weak efficacy.

The Disordered Dehydrin and Its Role in Plant Protection: A Biochemical Perspective.

Dehydrins are intrinsically disordered proteins composed of several well conserved sequence motifs known as the Y-, S-, F-, and K-segments, the latter of which is a defining feature of all dehydrins. These segments are interspersed by regions of low sequence conservation and are organized modularly, which results in seven different architectures: K, SK, YSK, YK, KS, FK and FSK. Dehydrins are expressed ubiquitously throughout the plant kingdom during periods of low intracellular water content, and are capable of improving desiccation tolerance in plants.

CYP2C8-Mediated Formation of a Human Disproportionate Metabolite of the Selective Na1.7 Inhibitor DS-1971a, a Mixed Cytochrome P450 and Aldehyde Oxidase Substrate.

Predicting human disproportionate metabolites is difficult, especially when drugs undergo species-specific metabolism mediated by cytochrome P450s (P450s) and/or non-P450 enzymes. This study assessed human metabolites of DS-1971a, a potent Na1.7-selective blocker, by performing human mass balance studies and characterizing DS-1971a metabolites, in accordance with the Metabolites in Safety Testing guidance.

Feasibility of Imaging-Guided Adrenalectomy in Young Patients With Primary Aldosteronism.

Many of the patients with primary aldosteronism (PA) are denied curative adrenalectomy because of limited availability or failure of adrenal vein sampling. It has been suggested that adrenal vein sampling can be omitted in young patients with a unilateral adrenal nodule, who show a florid biochemical PA phenotype. As this suggestion was based on a very low quality of evidence, we tested the applicability and accuracy of imaging, performed by computed tomography and/or magnetic resonance, for identification of unilateral PA, as determined by biochemical and/or clinical cure after unilateral adrenalectomy.

Single-cell analysis of human non-small cell lung cancer lesions refines tumor classification and patient stratification.

Immunotherapy is a mainstay of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) management. While tumor mutational burden (TMB) correlates with response to immunotherapy, little is known about the relationship between the baseline immune response and tumor genotype. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, we profiled 361,929 cells from 35 early-stage NSCLC lesions.

Promoted lithium polysulfide conversion and immobilization by conductive titanium oxynitride-carbon architecture design for advanced lithium-sulfur batteries.

In this work, a multifunctional oxygen deficient titanium oxynitride skeleton featuring a Co-metal-decorated three-dimensional ordered macroporous (3DOM) structure embedded with N-doped carbon nanotubes (Co@TiON/N-CNTs) is fabricated as a sulfur host for lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries. The unique 3DOM framework provides abundant space for sulfur accommodation and effective pathways for electrolyte infiltration. The robust titanium oxynitride skeleton also ensures good structural integrity during the repeated charge/discharge cycling.

Exome sequencing and analysis of 454,787 UK Biobank participants.

A major goal in human genetics is to use natural variation to understand the phenotypic consequences of altering each protein-coding gene in the genome. Here we used exome sequencing to explore protein-altering variants and their consequences in 454,787 participants in the UK Biobank study. We identified 12 million coding variants, including around 1 million loss-of-function and around 1.

Ultra-processed food consumption among US adults from 2001 to 2018.

Background: Accumulating evidence links ultra-processed foods to poor diet quality and chronic diseases. Understanding dietary trends is essential to inform priorities and policies to improve diet quality and prevent diet-related chronic diseases. Data are lacking, however, for trends in ultra-processed food intake.

A detailed study on a solvable system related to the linear fractional difference equation.

In this paper, we present a detailed study of the following system of difference equations% \begin{equation*} x_{n+1}=\frac{a}{1+y_{n}x_{n-1}},\ y_{n+1}=\frac{b}{1+x_{n}y_{n-1}},\ n\in\mathbb{N}_{0}, \end{equation*}% where the parameters $a$, $b$, and the initial values $x_{-1},~x_{0},\ y_{-1},~y_{0}$ are arbitrary real numbers such that $x_{n}$ and $y_{n}$ are defined. We mainly show by using a practical method that the general solution of the above system can be represented by characteristic zeros of the associated third-order linear equation. Also, we characterized the well-defined solutions of the system.

Improved Visibility of Early Gastric Cancer after Successful Eradication with Image-Enhanced Endoscopy: A Multi-Institutional Study Using Video Clips.

The visibility and diagnostic accuracy of early gastric cancer (EGC) after (HP) eradication have been reported to improve using image-enhanced endoscopy (IEE) compared with white light imaging (WLI). The present study clarified the appropriate IEE for the detection and diagnosis of EGC in clinical settings. This prospective and cross-sectional study evaluated the visibility of EGC and endoscopic findings of gastric mucosa after successful HP eradication ( = 31) using videos with WLI and IEE.

Machine learning prediction of activation energy in cubic Li-argyrodites with hierarchically encoding crystal structure-based (HECS) descriptors.

Rational design of solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) with high ionic conductivity and low activation energy (E) is vital for all solid-state batteries. Machine learning (ML) techniques have recently been successful in predicting Li conduction property in SSEs with various descriptors and accelerating the development of SSEs. In this work, we extend the previous efforts and introduce a framework of ML prediction for E in SSEs with hierarchically encoding crystal structure-based (HECS) descriptors.

Umbilical Cord Erythroferrone Is Inversely Associated with Hepcidin, but Does Not Capture the Most Variability in Iron Status of Neonates Born to Teens Carrying Singletons and Women Carrying Multiples.

Background: The developing fetus requires adequate iron and produces its own hormones to regulate this process. Erythroferrone (ERFE) is a recently identified iron regulatory hormone, and normative data on ERFE concentrations and relations between iron status and other iron regulatory hormones at birth are needed.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to characterize cord ERFE concentrations at birth and assess interrelations between ERFE, iron regulatory hormones, and iron status biomarkers in 2 cohorts of newborns at higher risk of neonatal anemia.