274 results match your criteria: "NY J.Y.; and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill[Affiliation]"

MRI-visible Perivascular Spaces in the Neonatal Brain.

Radiology

April 2023

From the Department of Radiology, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 1021 Tongil-ro, Eunpyeong-gu, Seoul 03312, Korea (J.Y.K., H.G.K.); Division of Biomedical Engineering, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Seoul, Korea (Y.N., S.K.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiological Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (N.Y.S.); and Department of Radiology, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea (N.Y.S.).

Background Mounting evidence suggests that perivascular spaces (PVSs) visible at MRI reflect the function of the glymphatic system. Understanding PVS burden in neonates may guide research on early glymphatic-related pathologic abnormalities. Purpose To perform a visual and volumetric evaluation of PVSs that are visible at MRI in neonates and to evaluate potential associations with maturation, sex, and preterm birth.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Genetic Regulation of SMC Gene Expression and Splicing Predict Causal CAD Genes.

Circ Res

February 2023

Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (R.A., R.N.P., Y.T.A., M.D.K., J.Y.S., D.W., J.H., G.M.S., C.L.M., M.C.).

Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of death worldwide. Recent meta-analyses of genome-wide association studies have identified over 175 loci associated with CAD. The majority of these loci are in noncoding regions and are predicted to regulate gene expression.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Alarming antibody evasion properties of rising SARS-CoV-2 BQ and XBB subvariants.

Cell

January 2023

Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA. Electronic address:

The BQ and XBB subvariants of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron are now rapidly expanding, possibly due to altered antibody evasion properties deriving from their additional spike mutations. Here, we report that neutralization of BQ.1, BQ.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Hormonal contraception has been widely prescribed for decades. Although safety and efficacy are well-established, much uncertainty remains regarding brain effects of hormonal contraception. We systematically review human and animal studies on the brain effects of hormonal contraception which employed neuroimaging techniques such as MRI, PET and EEG, as well as animal studies which reported on neurotransmitter and other brain biochemical effects.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Somatic Variants in SVIL in Cerebral Aneurysms.

Neurol Genet

December 2022

Department of Neurosurgery (P.M.R.L., J.-Y.R., S.-C.P., S.D., M.A.A.-S., G.R.C., K.U.F., N.J.P., R.D.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Artificial Intelligence and Robotics Laboratory (S.-C.P.), Myongji Hospital, Goyang, Korea; Department of Neurosurgery (B.A.G.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Neurosurgery (L.D.D., E.E.Z.), Sutter Health, Danville, CA; Department of Neurosurgery (A.S.B.), Albany Medical Center, NY; Department of Neurosurgery (D.L.B.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Department of Neurosurgery (H.H.B., B.G.W.), University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX; Department of Neurosurgery (S.B., P.R.C., A.L.D.), University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston; Department of Neurosurgery (E.F.C.), University of California San Francisco, CA; Department of Neurosurgery (G.P.C., A.C.W.), University of California Los Angeles; Department of Neurosurgery (C.A.D.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurosurgery (M.N.), Helsinki University and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurosurgery (S.G.O.), University of Colorado, Denver; Department of Neurosurgery (X.S.), Affiliated Fuxing Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Neurosurgery (E.P.V.-G.), Ochsner Medical Center, New Orleans, LA; and Channing Division of Network Medicine (S.T.W., R.D.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.

Background And Objectives: While somatic mutations have been well-studied in cancer, their roles in other complex traits are much less understood. Our goal is to identify somatic variants that may contribute to the formation of saccular cerebral aneurysms.

Methods: We performed whole-exome sequencing on aneurysm tissues and paired peripheral blood.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Interrater Reliability of Expert Electroencephalographers Identifying Seizures and Rhythmic and Periodic Patterns in EEGs.

Neurology

April 2023

From the Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School Department of Neurology (J.J., W.G., M.B.F., S.S.C., A.J.C., D.B.H., E.S.R., S.F.Z., M.B.W.), MA; Massachusetts General Hospital Clinical Data Animation Center (CDAC) (J.J., W.G., M.B.F., S.S.C., D.B.H., A.J.C., E.S.R., S.F.Z., M.B.W.), MA; University of Wisconsin-Madison Department of Neurology (A.F.S., S.F.); William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital Madison (A.F.S.), WI; National Institute of Health Data Science (S.H.), Peking University, Beijing, China; Georgia Institute of Technology (S.A.), College of Computing, Atlanta, GA; Yale University-Yale New Haven Hospital (A.H.), CT; Emory University School of Medicine (I.K.), GA; Medical University of South Carolina (J.J.H.), SC; University of Manitoba (M.C.N.), Canada; Johns Hopkins School of Medicine (E.L.J.), MD; University of Arizona College of Medicine (B.L.A.), AZ; Brigham and Women's Hospital (R.A.S.), MA; Mayo Clinic-Rochester (G.O.), MN; Warren Alpert School of Medicine of Brown University (M.B.D.), Providence, RI; University of Nebraska Medical Center (L.A.J.), NE; West Virginia University Hospitals (Z.S.), WV; University of Chicago (H.A.H.), Chicago, IL; Atrium Health (C.B.S.), NC; Université Libre de Bruxelles - Hôpital Erasme (N.G.), Belgium; Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai (J.Y.Y.), NY; New York University (NYU) Grossman School of Medicine (M.G.H.), NY; Barrow Neurological Institute (S.T.H.), Phoenix, AZ; Mater Misericordiae University Hospital (J.A.W.), Dublin, Ireland; University of Pennsylvania (J.P.), PA; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School (M.M.S.), MA; and University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (J.S.), College of Computing, Champaign, IL.

Background And Objectives: The validity of brain monitoring using electroencephalography (EEG), particularly to guide care in patients with acute or critical illness, requires that experts can reliably identify seizures and other potentially harmful rhythmic and periodic brain activity, collectively referred to as "ictal-interictal-injury continuum" (IIIC). Previous interrater reliability (IRR) studies are limited by small samples and selection bias. This study was conducted to assess the reliability of experts in identifying IIIC.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Genuine selective caspase-2 inhibition with new irreversible small peptidomimetics.

Cell Death Dis

November 2022

INSERM U1164, CNRS UMR 8256, Sorbonne Université, Campus Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, F-75005, France.

Caspase-2 (Casp2) is a promising therapeutic target in several human diseases, including nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the design of an active-site-directed inhibitor selective to individual caspase family members is challenging because caspases have extremely similar active sites. Here we present new peptidomimetics derived from the VDVAD pentapeptide structure, harboring non-natural modifications at the P2 position and an irreversible warhead.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF
Article Synopsis
  • * A meta-analysis of 6 trials involving over 20,000 patients showed that deescalation therapy resulted in lower rates of all-cause mortality and major bleeding compared to 1-year standard DAPT.
  • * While both treatments had similar rates of major adverse cardiovascular events, deescalation therapy appears to be a safer option for patients at low risk for bleeding.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Immune Checkpoint Blockade and Targeted Therapies in Esophageal Cancer.

Thorac Surg Clin

November 2022

Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 300 E66th Street, Room 1001, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, 300 E66th Street, Room 1001, New York, NY 10065, USA.

Advanced esophageal cancer has one of the lowest 5-year survival rates. Historically, treatment options have been limited to cytotoxic chemotherapy but recent trials have established a key role for immune checkpoint inhibitors. Chemotherapy plus nivolumab or pembrolizumab now represents the new standard of care frontline regimen for both esophageal adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background: The 3M-TAVR trial (3M-Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement) demonstrated the feasibility and safety of next-day hospital discharge after transfemoral TAVR with implementation of a minimalist pathway. However, the economic impact of this approach is unknown. Therefore, we evaluated costs for patients undergoing minimalist TAVR compared with conventional TAVR.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF
Article Synopsis
  • Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) show promise in cancer treatment, but many patients still struggle to achieve long-term benefits due to factors like TGF-β promoting cancer progression and resistance to these therapies.
  • Researchers developed a bifunctional protein called BR102 that combines anti-PD-L1 antibodies and TGF-βRII, allowing it to target both PD-L1 and TGF-β simultaneously without losing blocking capability.
  • Preclinical tests indicate that BR102 effectively inhibits tumor growth and is well-tolerated in monkeys, suggesting it could be a promising avenue for improving cancer treatment through enhanced ICI effectiveness.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Antigenic characterization of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariant BA.2.75.

Cell Host Microbe

November 2022

Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA. Electronic address:

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron subvariant BA.2.75 emerged recently and appears to be spreading.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

PIDDosome-SCAP crosstalk controls high-fructose-diet-dependent transition from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis.

Cell Metab

October 2022

Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. Electronic address:

Sterol deficiency triggers SCAP-mediated SREBP activation, whereas hypernutrition together with ER stress activates SREBP1/2 via caspase-2. Whether these pathways interact and how they are selectively activated by different dietary cues are unknown. Here, we reveal regulatory crosstalk between the two pathways that controls the transition from hepatosteatosis to steatohepatitis.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Association of Time to Clinical Remission With Sustained Resolution in Children With New-Onset Infantile Spasms.

Neurology

November 2022

From the Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology (C.J.Y., C.H.), Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Department of Pediatrics (J.R.M.), Division of Pediatric Neurology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University, Columbus; Division of Child Neurology (F.M.B.), Department of Neurology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA; Department of Neurology and ICCTR Biostatistics and Research Design Center (B.Z., S.L.), Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, MA; Division of Child Neurology (D.S.), Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, AR; Department of Pediatrics (S.A.H.), Division of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (E.G.Y.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Jane and John Justin Neurosciences (C.G.K.), Cook Children's Hospital, Fort Worth, TX; Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology (C.J.), University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora; Department of Pediatrics (R.K.S.), Division of Neurology, Atrium Health/Levine Children's, Charlotte, NC; Division of Pediatric Neurology (S. Bhatia), Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; Department of Pediatrics (S. Bhalla), Division of Child Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, GA; and Department of Pediatrics (R.S.), Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.

Background And Objectives: Standard therapies (adrenocorticotropic hormone [ACTH], oral steroids, or vigabatrin) fail to control infantile spasms in almost half of children. Early identification of nonresponders could enable rapid initiation of sequential therapy. We aimed to determine the time to clinical remission after appropriate infantile spasms treatment initiation and identify predictors of the time to infantile spasms treatment response.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Efficacy and Safety of an Extravascular Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator.

N Engl J Med

October 2022

From Mayo Clinic, Rochester (P.F.), and Medtronic, Mounds View (A.E.T., C.W., S.W.) - both in Minnesota; King's College Hospital, London (F.M.); the Cardiology Department, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein (L.V.A.B.), and Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (L.V.A.B., R.E.K.) - both in the Netherlands; London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada (J.M.); Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia (D.O.); Northwestern University, Evanston, IL (B.P.K.); Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours-Hôpital Trousseau, Tours (N.C.), and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes-Hôpital Pontchaillou, Rennes (C.L.) - both in France; Riverside Methodist Hospital, Columbus, OH (A.A.); Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.P.M.); the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (U.M.B.-G.), and Sequoia Hospital, Redwood City (G.E.) - both in California; Prince of Wales Hospital, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (J.Y.S.C.); the Cardiology Unit, Cardiac Thoracic and Vascular Department, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy (M.B.); Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Cordoba, Spain (I.M.C.); Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY (L.M.E.); Baptist Health, Jacksonville, FL (V.S.); Odense Universitetshospital, Odense, Denmark (J.B.J.); Klinika Zaburzeń Rytmu Serca/Narodowy Instytut Kardiologii-Stefana Kardynała Wyszyńskiego, Warsaw, Poland (M.S.); Kepler University Hospital, Linz, Austria (C.S.); the Iowa Heart Center, West Des Moines (T.H.); the Cardiovascular Institute of the South, Houma, LA (R.A.); and Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand (I.C.).

Background: The extravascular implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) has a single lead implanted substernally to enable pause-prevention pacing, antitachycardia pacing, and defibrillation energy similar to that of transvenous ICDs. The safety and efficacy of extravascular ICDs are not yet known.

Methods: We conducted a prospective, single-group, nonrandomized, premarket global clinical study involving patients with a class I or IIa indication for an ICD, all of whom received an extravascular ICD system.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Previous proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (H-MRS) studies suggest a perturbation in glutamate and/or GABA in Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). However, no studies examine the ratio of glutamate and glutamine (Glx) to GABA (Glx/GABA) as it relates to depressive symptoms, which may be more sensitive than either single metabolite. Using a within-subject design, we hypothesized that reduction in depressive symptoms correlates with reduction in Glx/GABA in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC).

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background: Whether lifestyle factors are similarly associated with risk of heart failure (HF) for individuals with different metabolic or genetic risk status remains unclear.

Methods: We included 464 483 participants from UK Biobank who were free of major cardiovascular disease or HF during baseline recruitment. Healthy lifestyle factors included avoidance of smoking, no obesity, regular physical activity, and healthy diet.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Microvasculature Dropout and Development of Normal Tension Glaucoma in Glaucoma Suspects: The Normal Tension Glaucoma Suspect Cohort Study.

Am J Ophthalmol

November 2022

Department of Ophthalmology (Y.J., H-Y.L.P., H.S., S.E.O., S.A.K., J-Y.L., D.Y.S., S.J.J., Y-C.K., H-Y.S., J.A.C., N.Y.L., C.K.P.), The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Seoul St. Mary's Hospital (H-Y.P., H.S., S.E.O., S.A.K., C.K.P.), Seoul, Republic of Korea.

Article Synopsis
  • - The study aimed to explore how vessel parameters can help identify individuals at risk of developing normal tension glaucoma (NTG) among suspects who have normal intraocular pressure but suspicious optic disc characteristics.
  • - Researchers monitored 307 NTG suspects over approximately five years, finding that 73 (23.8%) progressed to NTG, with those who converted showing significantly lower measures of microvasculature dropout and laminar vessel density.
  • - The findings indicate that baseline microvasculature dropout and lower laminar deep vessel density are strong predictors of conversion to NTG, suggesting that these vessel parameters are important in assessing risk for this condition.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Music Therapy for Pain in Black and White Cancer Patients: A Retrospective Study.

J Pain Symptom Manage

November 2022

Integrative Medicine Service, Department of Medicine (C.C., K.P., J.Y., Q.S.L., M.C., J.J.M., K.T.L.), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA. Electronic address:

Context: Racial pain disparities present challenges to cancer symptom management. Music therapy has demonstrated benefits for pain and is a promising treatment option for diverse populations due to music's multicultural presence. However, Black cancer patients are under-represented in music therapy trials.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

F-DCFPyL PET/CT for Initially Diagnosed and Biochemically Recurrent Prostate Cancer: Prospective Trial with Pathologic Confirmation.

Radiology

November 2022

From the Departments of Molecular Imaging and Therapy (G.A.U., B.T.), Urology (J.B., R.T., J.Y.), Radiation Oncology (C.C., K.L.), and Radiology (T.P., T.T.), Hoag Family Cancer Institute, 16105 Sand Canyon Ave, Irvine, CA 92618; Departments of Radiology and Translational Genomics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif (G.A.U.); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.M.); The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md (S.P.R.); and Molecular Imaging Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md (L.L., E.M., P.C.).

Background Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) PET is standard for newly diagnosed high-risk and biochemically recurrent (BCR) prostate cancer. Although studies suggest high specificity of 2-(3-{1-carboxy-5-[(6-[(18)F]fluoro-pyridine-3-carbonyl)-amino]-pentyl}-ureido)-pentanedioic acid (DCFPyL) for targeting PSMA, false-positive findings have been identified and most studies lack histologic confirmation of malignancy. Purpose To estimate the positive predictive value (PPV) of DCFPyL PET/CT by providing histopathologic proof for DCFPyL-avid lesions suspected of being distant metastases at initial diagnosis and recurrence in BCR prostate cancer.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Introduction: Prophylactic antitubercular therapy (ATT) is widely prescribed in patients with Crohn's disease (CD) receiving antitumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) treatment. However, antitubercular agents have been demonstrated to possess profibrotic effects. We aimed to evaluate whether ATT accelerated disease progression in patients with CD receiving anti-TNF treatment.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Clinical Reasoning: A 68-Year-Old Man With Palmar Rash, Leg Pain, and Inability to Walk.

Neurology

August 2022

From the Department of Neurology (J.Y.H.Y., J.M.S.), Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Neurology (J.Y.H.Y., J.M.S., S.P.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Division of Neurology (J.M.S.), Department of Medicine, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; and Division of Infectious Disease (Y.L.), Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA. Dr. Yoon is currently at the Department of Neurosurgery, The Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY.

We report a 68-year-old man with palmar rash, leg pain, and inability to walk, whose neurologic examination localized to multiple roots, leading to the diagnosis of polyradiculopathy. Polyradiculopathy has both structural and nonstructural etiologies. Structural etiologies include spinal stenosis, tethered cord syndrome, tumors, and leptomeningeal metastasis.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF