Provider Experience With the Use of Ketamine for Refractory Status Epilepticus.

Objective: Refractory status epilepticus (RSE) treated with anesthetic agents can be associated with complications including respiratory depression and hypotension. Ketamine is an emerging RSE treatment, but optimal dosing and timing are unknown. We studied provider attitudes and practices regarding the use of ketamine for RSE.

Assistive AI in Lung Cancer Screening: A Retrospective Multinational Study in the United States and Japan.

Purpose To evaluate the impact of an artificial intelligence (AI) assistant for lung cancer screening on multinational clinical workflows. Materials and Methods An AI assistant for lung cancer screening was evaluated on two retrospective randomized multireader multicase studies where 627 (141 cancer-positive cases) low-dose chest CT cases were each read twice (with and without AI assistance) by experienced thoracic radiologists (six U.S.

Proteogenomic characterization of primary colorectal cancer and metastatic progression identifies proteome-based subtypes and signatures.

Metastatic progression of colorectal adenocarcinoma (CRC) remains poorly understood and poses significant challenges for treatment. To overcome these challenges, we performed multiomics analyses of primary CRC and liver metastases. Genomic alterations, such as structural variants or copy number alterations, were enriched in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes and increased in metastases.

CT Colonography Reporting and Data System (C-RADS): Version 2023 Update.

The CT Colonography Reporting and Data System (C-RADS) has withstood the test of time and proven to be a robust classification scheme for CT colonography (CTC) findings. C-RADS version 2023 represents an update on the scheme used for colorectal and extracolonic findings at CTC. The update provides useful insights gained since the implementation of the original system in 2005.

Therapeutic application of human type 2 innate lymphoid cells via induction of granzyme B-mediated tumor cell death.

The therapeutic potential for human type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) has been underexplored. Although not observed in mouse ILC2s, we found that human ILC2s secrete granzyme B (GZMB) and directly lyse tumor cells by inducing pyroptosis and/or apoptosis, which is governed by a DNAM-1-CD112/CD155 interaction that inactivates the negative regulator FOXO1. Over time, the high surface density expression of CD155 in acute myeloid leukemia cells impairs the expression of DNAM-1 and GZMB, thus allowing for immune evasion.

Encoding a magic state with beyond break-even fidelity.

To run large-scale algorithms on a quantum computer, error-correcting codes must be able to perform a fundamental set of operations, called logic gates, while isolating the encoded information from noise. We can complete a universal set of logic gates by producing special resources called magic states. It is therefore important to produce high-fidelity magic states to conduct algorithms while introducing a minimal amount of noise to the computation.

Quantification of right ventricular amyloid burden with 18F-florbetapir positron emission tomography/computed tomography and its association with right ventricular dysfunction and outcomes in light-chain amyloidosis.

Aims: In systemic light-chain (AL) amyloidosis, quantification of right ventricular (RV) amyloid burden has been limited and the pathogenesis of RV dysfunction is poorly understood. Using 18F-florbetapir positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT), we aimed to quantify RV amyloid; correlate RV amyloid with RV structure and function; determine the independent contributions of RV, left ventricular (LV), and lung amyloid to RV function; and associate RV amyloid with major adverse cardiac events (MACE: death, heart failure hospitalization, cardiac transplantation).

Methods And Results: We prospectively enrolled 106 participants with AL amyloidosis (median age 62 years, 55% males) who underwent 18F-florbetapir PET/CT, magnetic resonance imaging, and echocardiography.

Ripretinib versus sunitinib in gastrointestinal stromal tumor: ctDNA biomarker analysis of the phase 3 INTRIGUE trial.

INTRIGUE was an open-label, phase 3 study in adult patients with advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumor who had disease progression on or intolerance to imatinib and who were randomized to once-daily ripretinib 150 mg or sunitinib 50 mg. In the primary analysis, progression-free survival (PFS) with ripretinib was not superior to sunitinib. In clinical and nonclinical studies, ripretinib and sunitinib have demonstrated differential activity based on the exon location of KIT mutations.

Optimal decision-making in high-throughput virtual screening pipelines.

The need for efficient computational screening of molecular candidates that possess desired properties frequently arises in various scientific and engineering problems, including drug discovery and materials design. However, the enormous search space containing the candidates and the substantial computational cost of high-fidelity property prediction models make screening practically challenging. In this work, we propose a general framework for constructing and optimizing a high-throughput virtual screening (HTVS) pipeline that consists of multi-fidelity models.

Evolving antibody evasion and receptor affinity of the Omicron BA.2.75 sublineage of SARS-CoV-2.

SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2.75 has diversified into multiple subvariants with additional spike mutations and several are expanding in prevalence, particularly CH.

Large-scale pancreatic cancer detection via non-contrast CT and deep learning.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), the most deadly solid malignancy, is typically detected late and at an inoperable stage. Early or incidental detection is associated with prolonged survival, but screening asymptomatic individuals for PDAC using a single test remains unfeasible due to the low prevalence and potential harms of false positives. Non-contrast computed tomography (CT), routinely performed for clinical indications, offers the potential for large-scale screening, however, identification of PDAC using non-contrast CT has long been considered impossible.

Multi-omic profiling reveals discrepant immunogenic properties and a unique tumor microenvironment among melanoma brain metastases.

Melanoma brain metastases (MBM) are clinically challenging to treat and exhibit variable responses to immune checkpoint therapies. Prior research suggests that MBM exhibit poor tumor immune responses and are enriched in oxidative phosphorylation. Here, we report results from a multi-omic analysis of a large, real-world melanoma cohort.

Tepotinib in patients with non-small cell lung cancer with high-level MET amplification detected by liquid biopsy: VISION Cohort B.

High-level MET amplification (METamp) is a primary driver in ∼1%-2% of non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs). Cohort B of the phase 2 VISION trial evaluates tepotinib, an oral MET inhibitor, in patients with advanced NSCLC with high-level METamp who were enrolled by liquid biopsy. While the study was halted before the enrollment of the planned 60 patients, the results of 24 enrolled patients are presented here.

Assessing an Exposure Keratopathy Prevention Strategy in Mechanically Ventilated Patients: A Retrospective Study.

Objective: Patients who are intubated and sedated are at risk for developing exposure keratopathy, which can lead to permanent vision loss. This retrospective study assesses the incidence of exposure keratopathy (EK) in intensive care unit (ICU) patients before and after implementation of an EK Prevention Order Set.

Methods: At one tertiary care hospital (Bronx, NY), an "Exposure Keratopathy Prevention Order Set" was implemented to ameliorate this risk which included the application of white petrolatum-mineral oil lubricating ointment every 6 hours in both eyes.

Tumor sequencing of African ancestry reveals differences in clinically relevant alterations across common cancers.

Cancer genomes from patients with African (AFR) ancestry have been poorly studied in clinical research. We leverage two large genomic cohorts to investigate the relationship between genomic alterations and AFR ancestry in six common cancers. Cross-cancer type associations, such as an enrichment of MYC amplification with AFR ancestry in lung, breast, and prostate cancers, and depletion of BRAF alterations are observed in colorectal and pancreatic cancers.

Social Determinants of Health in Imaging-based Cancer Screening: A Case-based Primer with Strategies for Care Improvement.

Health disparities, preventable differences in the burden of disease and disease outcomes often experienced by socially disadvantaged populations, can be found in nearly all areas of radiology, including emergency radiology, neuroradiology, nuclear medicine, image-guided interventions, and imaging-based cancer screening. Disparities in imaging-based cancer screening are especially noteworthy given the far-reaching population health impact. The social determinants of health (SDoH) play an important role in disparities in cancer screening and outcomes.