Rapid implementation of open-access pandemic education for global frontline healthcare workers.

Background: The recent global pandemic posed extraordinary challenges for healthcare systems. Frontline healthcare workers required focused, immediate, practical, evidence-based instruction on optimal patient care modalities as knowledge evolved around disease management.

Objective: This course was designed to provide knowledge to protect healthcare workers; combat disease spread; and improve patient outcomes.

Influence of heat-assisted vat photopolymerization on the physical and mechanical characteristics of dental 3D printing resins.

The effects of heat-assisted vat photopolymerization (HVPP) on the physical and mechanical properties of 3D-printed dental resins, including the morphometric stability of 3D-printed crowns, were investigated. A resin tank was designed to maintain the resin at 30, 40, and 50 ℃ during the 3D printing process. Test specimens were fabricated using a commercial dental resin, with untreated resin serving as the control group.

Fine-Tuned Expression of Evolutionarily Conserved Signaling Molecules in the Notochord.

The notochord is an axial structure required for the development of all chordate embryos, from sea squirts to humans. Over the course of more than half a billion years of chordate evolution, in addition to its structural function, the notochord has acquired increasingly relevant patterning roles for its surrounding tissues. This process has involved the co-option of signaling pathways and the acquisition of novel molecular mechanisms responsible for the precise timing and modalities of their deployment.

Delayed Tooth Development and the Impaired Differentiation of Stem/Progenitor Cells in Incisors from Type 2 Diabetes Mice.

Patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) have an increased risk of tooth decay caused by alterations in their tooth development and their oral environment, as well as a tendency to present with pulp infection due to compromised immune response. The present study analyzed the characteristic alterations in tooth development under DM conditions using incisors from type 2 diabetic mouse model (T2DM mice). In micro-CT analyses, T2DM mice showed delayed dentin and enamel formation.

Effects of E-Cigarette (e-cig) Aerosols on Mutagenesis in Selected Organs in a C57 (BigBlue) Mouse Model.

The objective of this study is to investigate the potential mutagenic effects of the exposure of mice to aerosols produced from the component liquids of an electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS). The use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) and ENDSs has increased tremendously over the past two decades. From what we know to date, ENDSs contain much lower levels of known carcinogens than tobacco smoke.

Restoring small water bodies to improve lake and river water quality in China.

Climate change, population growth, and agricultural intensification are increasing nitrogen (N) inputs, while driving the loss of inland water bodies that filter excess N. However, the interplay between N inputs and water body dynamics, and its implications for water quality remain poorly understood. Analyzing data from 1995 to 2015 across China, here, we find a 71% reduction in the area of small (<10 m) water bodies (SWB), primarily in high-N-input agricultural regions.

Mitochondrial ROS modulate presynaptic plasticity in the drosophila neuromuscular junction.

The elevated emission of reactive oxygen species (ROS) from presynaptic mitochondria is well-documented in several inflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases. However, the potential role of mitochondrial ROS in presynaptic function and plasticity remains largely understudied beyond the context of disease. Here, we investigated this potential ROS role in presynaptic function and short-term plasticity by combining optogenetics, whole cell electrophysiological recordings, and live confocal imaging using a well-established protocol for induction and measurement of synaptic potentiation in Drosophila melanogaster neuromuscular junctions (NMJ).

Age-friendly CMS measure implementation: Leveraging geriatric quality programs in an age-friendly health system.

The age-friendly approach ensures older adults receive care that optimizes their well-being, particularly through episodes of illness and at end-of-life. Geriatric clinical quality organizations, including NICHE, establish age-friendly standards and provide education and implementation resources to healthcare organizations. The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services will require organizations participating in the inpatient prospective payment system and the long-term care hospital payment system to submit data about compliance with the Age-Friendly Measure starting in 2025.

Creating effective teams and valuing patient-centered care to change culture and improve equity on labor and delivery: a qualitative study.

Background: Efforts to reduce cesarean birth overuse have had varied success. De-implementation strategies that incorporate change to organizational characteristics (i.e.

Inflammation in the Peri-ACS Period: Ready for Prime Time?

Inflammation has been demonstrated to negatively impact patients in the peri-ACS period. This narrative review outlines the inflammatory response in ACS, highlighting the role of the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway following acute plaque rupture and coronary intervention and its potential as a pharmacologic target. RECENT: nvestigators have leveraged medications targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome currently used for other inflammatory pathologies, including colchicine, tocilizumab and anakinra.

Racial and ethnic disparities in the burden of non-obese type 2 diabetes using different anthropometric measurements.

Aims: Compare racial/ethnic disparities in the prevalence of non-obese type 2 diabetes (T2D) and the proportion of non-obese individuals among T2D patients.

Methods: This cross-sectional study used ICD-9/10 codes to ascertain T2D. Participants were classified as non-obese by BMI (<25 kg/m for normal weight; <23 kg/m for Asian Americans), waist circumference (<102 cm for males, <88 cm for females), and waist-to-hip ratio (<0.

A detailed inquiry of the differences between headphones and loudspeakers influences on dynamic postural task performance.

We examined the impact of auditory stimuli and their methods on a dynamic balance task performance. Twenty-four young adults wore an HTC Vive headset and dodged a virtual ball to the right or left based on its color (blue to the left, red to the right, and vice versa). We manipulated the environment by introducing congruent (auditory stimuli from the correct direction) or incongruent (auditory stimuli played randomly from either side) and comparing a multimodal (visual and congruent auditory stimuli) to unimodal (visual or auditory stimuli) presentation.

n-acetyl-l-cysteine stimulates bone healing by recovering the age-associated degenerative complications relative to osteoblastic Wntless ablation.

Dysregulated Wnt signaling causes age-related characteristics such as oxidative stress, stem cell senescence, and abnormal bone homeostasis. Here we explored whether supplemental n-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) recovers the age-associated complications relative to osteoblastic Wntless (Wls) ablation and examined the possible mechanisms therein. For this work, we administered Col2.

IFN-γ-producing T1 cells and dysfunctional regulatory T cells contribute to the pathogenesis of Sjögren's disease.

Sjögren's disease (SjD) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by progressive salivary and lacrimal gland dysfunction, inflammation, and destruction, as well as extraglandular manifestations. SjD is associated with autoreactive B and T cells, but its pathophysiology remains incompletely understood. Abnormalities in regulatory T (T) cells occur in several autoimmune diseases, but their role in SjD is ambiguous.

Maternal Morbidity Associated with Early Preterm Birth in Low-Risk Singleton Pregnancies.

While neonatal morbidities associated with early preterm birth are known, the risks of maternal morbidities in these births remain unclear. Thus, we set out to assess the risk of maternal morbidities associated with early preterm births. Retrospective cohort study utilizing the United States (US) Natality Live Birth database from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2016-2021).

Predictors of Post-Hepatectomy Liver Failure in Klatskin Tumors: The Role of Preoperative Glucose, Future Liver Remnant to Spleen Ratio, and Early Bilirubin Monitoring.

: Post-hepatectomy liver failure (PHLF) is a serious complication following hepatic resection for Klatskin tumors, significantly affecting patient prognosis. Identifying reliable preoperative and early postoperative predictors of PHLF can help optimize patient outcomes and guide surgical planning. : We conducted a retrospective review of 34 patients who underwent hemi-hepatectomy for extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma at Kosin University Gospel Hospital between April 2019 and April 2024, and at Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital between September 2017 and April 2024.

Chemomechanical regulation of growing tissues from a thermodynamically-consistent framework and its application to tumor spheroid growth.

It is widely recognized that reciprocal interactions between cells and their microenvironment, via mechanical forces and biochemical signaling pathways, regulate cell behaviors during normal development, homeostasis and disease progression such as cancer. However, it is still not well understood how complex patterns of tissue growth emerge. Here, we propose a framework for the chemomechanical regulation of growth based on thermodynamics of continua and growth-elasticity to predict growth patterns.

Brain health is essential for smooth economic transitions: towards socio-economic sustainability, productivity and well-being.

Optimal brain health is essential to smoothing major global skill-intensive economic transitions, such as the bioeconomy, green, care economy and digital transitions. Good brain health is vital to socio-economic sustainability, productivity and well-being. The care transition focuses on recognizing and investing in care services and care work as essential for economic growth and social well-being.

The Simons Observatory: Production-Level Fabrication of the Mid- and Ultra-High-Frequency Wafers.

The Simons Observatory (SO) is a cosmic microwave background instrumentation suite in the Atacama Desert of Chile. More than 65,000 polarization-sensitive transition-edge sensor (TES) bolometers will be fielded in the frequency range spanning 27 to 280 GHz, with three separate dichroic designs. The mid-frequency 90/150 GHz and ultra-high-frequency 220/280 GHz detector arrays, fabricated at NIST, account for 39 of 49 total detector modules and implement the feedhorn-fed orthomode transducer-coupled TES bolometer architecture.

A Measure of Inclusion: Women as Authors in Oral Epidemiology and Dental Public Health, 2017-2022.

Dentistry has traditionally been male-dominated in North America, although "primary care" dentistry disciplines, including dental public health (DPH), have greater gender equity than other areas. However, gender gaps are likely to persist, specifically in academia. As an example of the measurement of inclusion, we sought to identify gender equity in authorship in publications in DPH and epidemiology over six years.

Late-Onset Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome Following Knee Arthroscopy in a Retrospective Cohort.

Hip-knee coupling is a well-documented phenomenon, and interventions to one joint can alter biomechanics at the other. The purpose of this study was to investigate if knee surgery is associated with later onset of femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS). A retrospective chart review was conducted regarding patients at a single academic institution who underwent hip arthroscopy for FAIS between January 2011-October 2021.

Caries Incidence in School-Based Prevention Programs in the Presence of Interval Censoring.

Background/objectives: School-based caries prevention can increase access to critical dental services and reduce oral health inequities. However, little is known regarding the incidence of dental caries in children participating in school caries prevention, and caries diagnosis is often interval censored.

Methods: In this paper, we used data from a longitudinal, school-based, randomized clinical trial of minimally invasive treatments for dental caries to estimate the per-visit incidence rate and compare the hazard of dental caries in children receiving either silver diamine fluoride or glass ionomer dental sealants.