959 results match your criteria: "NY (L.M.); and NYU Vilcek Institute of Graduate Biomedical Sciences[Affiliation]"

Anesthetic gases contribute to global warming. We described a two-year performance improvement project to examine the association of individualized provider dashboard feedback of anesthetic gas carbon dioxide equivalent (CDE) production and median perioperative fresh gas flows (FGF) during general anesthetics during perioperative management. Using a custom structured query language (SQL) query, hourly CDE for each anesthetic gas and median FGF were determined.

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Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) are de novo ectopic lymphoid aggregates that regulate immunity in chronically inflamed tissues, including tumours. Although TLSs form due to inflammation-triggered activation of the lymphotoxin (LT)-LTβ receptor (LTβR) pathway, the inflammatory signals and cells that induce TLSs remain incompletely identified. Here we show that interleukin-33 (IL-33), the alarmin released by inflamed tissues, induces TLSs.

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Genomic and phenotypic correlates of mosaic loss of chromosome Y in blood.

Am J Hum Genet

January 2025

Division of Biostatistics, Data Science Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA; Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA. Electronic address:

Mosaic loss of Y (mLOY) is the most common somatic chromosomal alteration detected in human blood. The presence of mLOY is associated with altered blood cell counts and increased risk of Alzheimer disease, solid tumors, and other age-related diseases. We sought to gain a better understanding of genetic drivers and associated phenotypes of mLOY through analyses of whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of a large set of genetically diverse males from the Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine (TOPMed) program.

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Determinants of Racial and Ethnic Differences in Maternal Cardiovascular Health in Early Pregnancy.

Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes

January 2025

Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL. (N.A.C., X.H., L.C.P., H.N., N.S.S., A.M.P., P.G., D.M.L.-J., K.N.K., S.S.K.).

Background: Suboptimal cardiovascular health (CVH) in pregnancy is associated with adverse maternal and offspring outcomes. To guide public health efforts to reduce disparities in maternal CVH, we determined the contribution of individual- and neighborhood-level factors to racial and ethnic differences in early pregnancy CVH.

Methods: We included nulliparous individuals with singleton pregnancies who self-identified as Hispanic, non-Hispanic Black (NHB), or non-Hispanic White (NHW) and participated in the nuMoM2b cohort study (Nulliparous Pregnancy Outcomes Study: Monitoring Mothers-to-Be).

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Background: In-hospital mortality risk prediction is an important tool for benchmarking quality and patient prognostication. Given changes in patient characteristics and treatments over time, a contemporary risk model for patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI) is needed.

Methods: Data from 313 825 acute MI hospitalizations between January 2019 and December 2020 for adults aged ≥18 years at 784 sites in the National Cardiovascular Data Registry Chest Pain-MI Registry were used to develop a risk-standardized model to predict in-hospital mortality.

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High-throughput experimentation (HTE) has accelerated academic and industrial chemical research in reaction development and drug discovery and has been broadly applied in many domains of organic chemistry. However, application of HTE in electrosynthesis-an enabling tool for chemical synthesis-has been limited by a dearth of suitable standardized reactors. Here we report the development of microelectronic devices, which are produced using standard nanofabrication techniques, to enable wireless electrosynthesis on the microlitre scale.

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Freshwater ecosystems are highly biodiverse and important for livelihoods and economic development, but are under substantial stress. To date, comprehensive global assessments of extinction risk have not included any speciose groups primarily living in freshwaters. Consequently, data from predominantly terrestrial tetrapods are used to guide environmental policy and conservation prioritization, whereas recent proposals for target setting in freshwaters use abiotic factors.

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FastMRI Breast: A Publicly Available Radial k-Space Dataset of Breast Dynamic Contrast-enhanced MRI.

Radiol Artif Intell

January 2025

From the Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, MRI Research Institute, 407 E 61st St, New York, NY 10065 (E.S., S.G.K.); Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research (CAI2R), Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY (E.S., P.M.J., R.T., Y.W.L., F.K., L.M., S.G.K., L.H.); and Department Artificial Intelligence in Biomedical Engineering, University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany (Z.T., F.K.).

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Uncompetitive NMDAR (N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor) antagonists restore impaired neural plasticity, reverse depressive-like behavior in animal models, and relieve major depressive disorder (MDD) in humans. This review integrates recent findings from in silico, in vitro, in vivo, and human studies of uncompetitive NMDAR antagonists into the extensive body of knowledge on NMDARs and neural plasticity. Uncompetitive NMDAR antagonists are activity-dependent channel blockers that preferentially target hyperactive GluN2D subtypes because these subtypes are most sensitive to activation by low concentrations of extracellular glutamate and are more likely activated by certain pathological agonists and allosteric modulators.

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Effective targeting of somatic cancer mutations to enhance the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy requires an individualized approach. Autogene cevumeran is a uridine messenger RNA lipoplex-based individualized neoantigen-specific immunotherapy designed from tumor-specific somatic mutation data obtained from tumor tissue of each individual patient to stimulate T cell responses against up to 20 neoantigens. This ongoing phase 1 study evaluated autogene cevumeran as monotherapy (n = 30) and in combination with atezolizumab (n = 183) in pretreated patients with advanced solid tumors.

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Respiratory interventions including noninvasive ventilation, continuous positive airway pressure and high-flow nasal oxygen generated infectious aerosols may increase risk of airborne disease (SARS-CoV-2, influenza virus) transmission to healthcare workers. We developed and tested a prototype portable UV-C device to sterilize high flows of viral-contaminated air from a simulated patient source at airflow rates of up to 100 l/m. Our device consisted of a central quartz tube surrounded 6 high-output UV-C lamps, within a larger cylinder allowing recirculation past the UV-C lamps a second time before exiting the device.

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Background: Glioblastoma (GBM) has a median survival of <2 years. Pexidartinib (PLX3397) is a small-molecule inhibitor of CSF1R, KIT, and oncogenic FTL3, which are implicated in GBM treatment resistance. Results from glioma models indicate that combining radiation therapy (RT) and pexidartinib reduces radiation resistance.

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Lymphatic muscle cells (LMCs) within the wall of collecting lymphatic vessels exhibit tonic and autonomous phasic contractions, which drive active lymph transport to maintain tissue-fluid homeostasis and support immune surveillance. Damage to LMCs disrupts lymphatic function and is related to various diseases. Despite their importance, knowledge of the gene transcriptional signatures in LMCs and how they relate to lymphatic function in normal and disease contexts is largely missing.

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Splenic fibroblasts control marginal zone B cell movement and function via two distinct Notch2-dependent regulatory programs.

Immunity

January 2025

Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Immunology Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA. Electronic address:

Innate-like splenic marginal zone (MZ) B (MZB) cells play unique roles in immunity due to their rapid responsiveness to blood-borne microbes. How MZB cells integrate cell-extrinsic and -intrinsic processes to achieve accelerated responsiveness is unclear. We found that Delta-like1 (Dll1) Notch ligands in splenic fibroblasts regulated MZB cell pool size, migration, and function.

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Cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i): Mechanisms of resistance and where to find them.

Breast

December 2024

Department of Medical Oncology. CRO Aviano, National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, Aviano, Italy; Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy.

CDK4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) have significantly impacted on the treatment of HR + HER2 negative (HER2-) metastatic breast cancer (BC) when combined with endocrine therapy. Nonetheless, despite significant research efforts, the mechanisms of de novo and acquired resistance to CDK4/6i have not yet been fully elucidated, highlighting the need for a deeper understanding of these process. Additionally, the importance of dissecting CDK4/6i resistance from endocrine resistance for personalized treatment is increasingly recognized.

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Levofloxacin for the Prevention of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis in Vietnam.

N Engl J Med

December 2024

From the Faculty of Medicine and Health (G.J.F., P.N.Y., E.L.M., H.M.Y., E.G.-R., P.D.C., B.J.M., N.T.A.), the Sydney Infectious Diseases Institute (B.J.M.), and Sydney Medical School (H.M.Y.), University of Sydney, and Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney Local Health District (G.J.F.), Camperdown, NSW, the Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Macquarie Park, NSW (G.J.F., N.C.B., P.N.Y., P.D.C., N.T.A., G.B.M.), the School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Liverpool (F.L.G.), and the Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne (S.M.G.), and the Division of Global Health, Burnet Institute (G.B.M.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vietnam National University (N.V.N.), and the National Lung Hospital, Ba Dinh District (N.B.H., N.K.C.), Hanoi, and Pham Ngoc Thach Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City (N.H.L.) - all in Vietnam; the Departments of Medicine (A.B., O.S., M.A.B., D.M.), Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health (A.B., M.A.B., D.M.), and Microbiology and Immunology (O.S., M.A.B.), McGill University, Montreal; and Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore (D.W.D.).

Background: Prevention of drug-resistant tuberculosis is a global health priority. However, trials evaluating the effectiveness of treating infection among contacts of persons with drug-resistant tuberculosis are lacking.

Methods: We conducted a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial comparing 6 months of daily levofloxacin (weight-based doses) with placebo to treat infection.

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Somatic mosaicism is an important cause of disease, but mosaic and somatic variants are often challenging to detect because they exist in only a fraction of cells. To address the need for benchmarking subclonal variants in normal cell populations, we developed a benchmark containing mosaic variants in the Genome in a Bottle Consortium (GIAB) HG002 reference material DNA from a large batch of a normal lymphoblastoid cell line. First, we used a somatic variant caller with high coverage (300x) Illumina whole genome sequencing data from the Ashkenazi Jewish trio to detect variants in HG002 not detected in at least 5% of cells from the combined parental data.

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F-FLT PET and Blood-based Biomarkers for Identifying Gastrointestinal Graft versus Host Disease after Allogeneic Cell Transplantation.

Radiol Imaging Cancer

January 2025

From the Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 800 NE 10th St, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 (J.H.C., L.M., S.K.V., Z.H., M.P., J.G., Y.W.); Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (J.L., J.F.); Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Hudson College of Public Health, The University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, Okla (S.K.V., T.G.); Experimental Transplantation and Immunotherapy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md (C.G.K., R.G.); Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Central Oklahoma, Edmond, Okla (Z.H.); and Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (K.M.W.).

Purpose To determine whether fluorine 18 (F) fluorothymidine (FLT) PET imaging alone or combined with Mount Sinai Acute GVHD International Consortium (MAGIC) biomarkers could help identify subclinical gastrointestinal graft versus host disease (GI-GVHD) by day 100 following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Materials and Methods F-FLT PET imaging was analyzed in a prospective pilot study (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier no.

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Article Synopsis
  • Researchers developed a method to create living microlenses using engineered bacteria that produce a silica biomineralization enzyme, allowing for advanced control over their structure.
  • These bacteria form a shell of polysilicate, enabling them to focus light into intense nanojets that are significantly brighter than unmodified bacteria.
  • This innovative approach presents a cost-effective and durable solution for producing photonic components with unique optical properties, showcasing the potential of synthetic biology in the field.
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Distant-Stage Breast Cancer Incidence Is Increasing in U.S. Women across Age Groups and Race and Ethnicity Groups.

Radiology

December 2024

From the Department of Radiology (E.K., L.M.), Center for Biomedical Imaging (L.M.), and Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research (L.M.), Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 160 E 34th St, 3rd Fl, New York, NY 10016.

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Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) receptor amplifies pathogenic activation of fibroblasts in lung fibrosis.

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

December 2024

Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115.

Article Synopsis
  • Fibrosis contributes to serious damage in organs, but treatments targeting specific activators have often failed, leading researchers to focus on the leukemia inhibitory factor receptor (LIFR) as a key player in fibrotic diseases like idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF).
  • In IPF, myofibroblasts highly express LIF, and fibroblasts in key fibrotic areas coexpress LIF and LIFR, demonstrating LIFR's role in amplifying signals from other fibrotic drivers like TGFβ1, IL-4, and IL-13.
  • Blocking LIFR reduces the activation of profibrotic genes and highlights LIFR's function as a master amplifier of harmful signals
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2024 Top Images in : In Training Editors' Choices.

Radiology

December 2024

From the Department of Radiology, Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Ave, New York, NY 10029 (M.T.); NESMOS, Department of Neuroradiology, S. Andrea Hospital, University Sapienza, Rome, Italy (A.G.); Department of Cancer Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, England (C.H.); Department of Radiology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (A.O.); Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (F.Y.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (K.Z.); Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (F.D.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (V.C.); Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY (L.M.); and Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Cologne Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (S.L.).

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Background: Genome-wide association studies identified a 20-Kb region of chromosome 8 (8q24.13) associated with plasma lipids, hepatic steatosis, and risk for coronary artery disease. The region is proximal to , and given its well-established role in lipid regulation in animal models, TRIB1 has been proposed to mediate the contribution of the 8q24.

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The sinoatrial node regulates the heart rate throughout life. Failure of this primary pacemaker results in life-threatening, slow heart rhythm. Despite its critical function, the cellular and molecular composition of the human sinoatrial node is not resolved.

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