A review of large language models and autonomous agents in chemistry.

Large language models (LLMs) have emerged as powerful tools in chemistry, significantly impacting molecule design, property prediction, and synthesis optimization. This review highlights LLM capabilities in these domains and their potential to accelerate scientific discovery through automation. We also review LLM-based autonomous agents: LLMs with a broader set of tools to interact with their surrounding environment.

New Insights on Childhood Lupus Nephritis.

Approximately one in five patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has disease-onset during childhood (cSLE). Lupus nephritis is more common in cSLE than adult-onset SLE and is associated with significant and increased morbidity and mortality. In this article, we review lupus nephritis in cSLE, including pathogenesis, diagnosis, biomarkers, and management through PUBMED search between July and December 2024.

Reducing Requirements for Insulin Pump Referral Improves Pump Initiation for Publicly Insured Children and Youth With Type 1 Diabetes.

Quality Improvement Success Stories are published by the American Diabetes Association in collaboration with the American College of Physicians and the National Diabetes Education Program. This series is intended to highlight best practices and strategies from programs and clinics that have successfully improved the quality of care for people with diabetes or related conditions. Each article in the series is reviewed and follows a standard format developed by the editors of .

Culturally Congruent Latino-Adapted Telemonitoring of Underrepresented Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: The CULTURA-DM2 Trial.

This study reports on the development and testing of a comprehensive diabetes telemonitoring program tailored to meet the needs of underserved Hispanic/Latino patients with diabetes. Individuals participating in the culturally tailored program had significantly better 6-month outcomes than those receiving comprehensive outpatient management for A1C, blood pressure, and diabetes self-efficacy, with no differences between groups in quality of life, medication adherence, emotional functioning, patient activation, or unscheduled physician visits. These findings suggest that culturally congruent diabetes telemonitoring may be effective for this underserved population.

Diabetes Centers' Participation in the T1D Exchange Quality Improvement Collaborative Advances Health Equity and Clinical Outcomes.

As the learning health network known as the T1D Exchange Quality Improvement Collaborative (T1DX-QI) has expanded on a significant scale to provide care for more than 120,000 people since its inception in 2016, assessing the quality improvement (QI) culture and monitoring clinical outcome improvements of participating centers has become vital to understanding the network's progress and success. Centers participating in the T1DX-QI complete regular QI culture self-assessments to quantify four evidence-based areas of culture: QI team structure, QI foundation, QI capacity, and QI success. This study builds on a previous baseline analysis to demonstrate self-reported improvements in T1DX-QI centers' QI culture from 2021 to 2022 and summarizes QI successes experienced by participating centers.

Associations between social behaviour and proinflammatory immune activation are modulated by age in a free-ranging primate population.

The effect of the social environment on the proinflammatory immune response may mediate the relationship between social environment and fitness but remains understudied outside captive animals and human populations. Age can also influence both immune function and social behaviour, and hence may modulate their relationships. This study investigates the role of social interactions in driving the concentrations of two urinary markers of proinflammatory immune activation, neopterin and soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR), in a free-ranging population of rhesus macaques, .

Systemic Circulation in Advanced Heart Failure and Cardiogenic Shock: State-of-the-Art Review.

The integrative physiology of the left ventricle and systemic circulation is fundamental to our understanding of advanced heart failure and cardiogenic shock. In simplest terms, any increase in aortic stiffness increases the vascular afterload presented to the failing left ventricle. The net effect is increased myocardial oxygen demand and reduced coronary perfusion pressure, thereby further deteriorating contractile function.

Preservation of sexual function with Optilume-a novel treatment for lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Background: The Optilume benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) catheter system is a novel minimally invasive paclitaxel-coated dilation system that has demonstrated substantial and durable results in urinary flow and symptoms.

Aim: We now assess the impact of Optilume BPH procedure on sexual function.

Methods: Prior published results have described the methods of data collection during the PINNACLE study, which demonstrated durable improvement in urinary symptoms.

Reference genome of Calochortus tolmiei Hook. & Arn. (Liliaceae), a cat's ear mariposa lily.

Calochortus tolmiei Hook. & Arn., a bulbous monocot with cat's ear flowers in the angiosperm family Liliaceae, is a perennial herb native to northern California, Oregon, and Washington.

#natural, #vegan, #healing: A Content Analysis of Health Content Among Instagram Posts Focused on Cannabis Edibles.

Background: Despite limited scientific evidence, public perceptions of cannabis as health enhancing are significant. As food products, cannabis edibles (edibles), may also leverage food-related associations that convey health. Social media is a prominent and influential source of largely unregulated cannabis information and a potential place to correct misinformation.

Patterns of Public Interest in Lipomas and Lipoma-Removal Procedures: Google Trends Analysis.

Background: Lipomas are benign tumors composed of encapsulated adipocytes. Although relatively common, uncertainty remains about the population-level prevalence, the etiology, and the degree of public interest in lipomas and associated removal procedures.

Objective: The spatiotemporal patterns of public interest in lipomas and lipoma removal procedures were characterized.

The Relationship Between School Connectedness and Bullying in U.S. High School Students.

The relationship between school connectedness and bullying among a cohort of American high school students in the COVID and post-COVID eras has yet to be studied. Data from the 2021 Youth Risk Behavior Survey were analyzed to gain insight into this association. Weighted percentages were calculated, and multivariable logistic regression was conducted.

SMC translocation is unaffected by an excess of nucleoid associated proteins in vivo.

Genome organization is important for DNA replication, gene expression, and chromosome segregation. In bacteria, two large families of proteins, nucleoid-associated proteins (NAPs) and SMC complexes, play important roles in organizing the genome. NAPs are highly abundant DNA-binding proteins that can bend, wrap, bridge, and compact DNA, while SMC complexes load onto the chromosome, translocate on the DNA, and extrude DNA loops.

Gender differences in self-reported participation in ultrasound-guided procedures: a retrospective analysis.

Background: Across multiple procedural specialties, female trainees tend to perform fewer procedures and receive less autonomy than their male counterparts. However, there is currently no data on procedure contribution levels for radiology trainees.

Objective: To evaluate whether there was a difference in the degree of reported participation in ultrasound-guided procedures between male and female trainees at our institution.

Resonantly Enhanced Hybrid Wannier-Mott-Frenkel Excitons in Organic-Inorganic Van Der Waals Heterostructures.

Hybrid excitons formed via resonant hybridization in 2D material heterostructures feature both large optical and electrical dipoles, providing a promising platform for many-body exciton physics and correlated electronic states. However, hybrid excitons at organic-inorganic interface combining the advantages of both Wannier-Mott and Frenkel excitons remain elusive. Here, hybrid excitons are reported in the copper phthalocyanine/molybdenum diselenide (CuPc/MoSe) heterostructure (HS) featuring strong molecular orientation dependence by low-temperature photoluminescence and absorption spectroscopy.

DEAD/DEAH-box RNA helicases shape the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders.

The DEAD/DEAH-box family of RNA helicases (RHs) is among the most abundant and conserved in eukaryotes. These proteins catalyze the remodeling of RNAs to regulate their splicing, stability, localization, and translation. Rare genetic variants in DEAD/DEAH-box proteins have recently emerged as being associated with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs).

Effects of Lasofoxifene Versus Fulvestrant on Vaginal and Vulvar Symptoms in Patients With ESR1-Mutated, ER+/HER2-, Metastatic Breast Cancer From the ELAINE 1 Study.

Background: Lasofoxifene, a novel endocrine therapy (ET), showed antitumor activity versus fulvestrant in women with ESR1-mutated, metastatic breast cancer (mBC) that progressed on prior ET (phase 2, ELAINE 1 study). We investigated changes in genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) vulvar-vaginal symptoms with lasofoxifene and how patient/disease characteristics affect baseline vulvar-vaginal symptoms in ELAINE 1.

Methods: Women were randomized to oral lasofoxifene 5 mg/day or IM fulvestrant 500 mg (days 1, 15, and 29, then every 28 days) until disease progression/severe toxicity.

Proposed resources required for a comprehensive program for CCT CHD imaging.

Background: Cardiac Computed Tomography (CCT) is increasingly used for evaluation of congenital heart disease (CHD) in patients of all ages. Pediatric and adult congenital heart disease (ACHD) surgical programs require high quality CCT imaging as part of the multimodality imaging support expected of comprehensive care centers. Despite these expectations, there are no benchmarks or defined programmatic elements specific to the performance of CCT in patients with CHD.

Assessment and treatment considerations for patients with colorectal liver metastases: AHPBA consensus guideline and update for surgeons.

Background: Colorectal cancer most commonly metastasizes to the liver. While various treatment strategies have been developed, surgical management of these patients has vital implications on the prognosis and survival of this group of patients. There remains a need for a consensus guideline regarding the surgical evaluation and management of patients with colorectal liver metastases (CRLM).

Neratinib Efficacy in Patients With EGFR Exon 18-Mutant Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Findings From the SUMMIT Basket Trial.

Background: Activating mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene occur in 7% to 23% of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). A small proportion of these (3-5%) are exon 18 mutations. Neratinib, an irreversible pan-HER tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), had activity in the phase II SUMMIT basket study.

Variation in lipoprotein(a) response to potent lipid lowering: The role of apolipoprotein (a) isoform size.

Background: Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is a driver of residual cardiovascular risk. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors (PCSK9i) decrease Lp(a) with significant heterogeneity in response. We investigated contributors to the heterogeneous response.

Image-Guided Percutaneous Robotic Interventions for Lung.

Interventional radiology (IR) has aided advances in the diagnosis and treatment of lung pathologies through procedures such as percutaneous biopsy, tumor ablation and drainage of intra-thoracic collections. The success and safety of these interventions largely depend on timely and accurate needle/device placement. Additionally, there is an inherent need to minimize radiation exposure during image-guided procedures.

Carcinogenic Air Pollutants and Breast Cancer Risk in the Arkansas Rural Community Health Study: A Nested Case-Control Study.

Background: Previous epidemiological studies on the associations between hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) and breast cancer (BC) have largely neglected rural, medically underserved areas in the United States, which differ in exposures and disparities compared to urban areas.

Objectives: We aimed to examine the associations between carcinogenic HAPs and BC risk in a rural population.

Methods: Using a nested case-control design, 574 cases and 2,295 incidence density-sampled controls matched 1:4 on index age and race were included from the Arkansas Rural Community Health study.