Combining a guided self-help and brief alcohol intervention to improve mental health and reduce substance use among refugee men in Uganda: a cluster-randomized feasibility trial.

Evidence on the effectiveness and implementation of mental health and psychosocial support (MHPSS) interventions for men in humanitarian settings is limited. Moreover, engagement and retention of men in such interventions has been challenging. Adaptations may therefore be required to improve the appropriateness and acceptability of these interventions for men.

Advancing psychosocial disability and psychosocial rehabilitation research through large language models and computational text mining.

Psychosocial rehabilitation and psychosocial disability research have been a longstanding topic in healthcare, demanding continuous exploration and analysis to enhance patient and clinical outcomes. As the prevalence of psychosocial disability research continues to attract scholarly attention, many scientific articles are being published in the literature. These publications offer profound insights into diagnostics, preventative measures, treatment strategies, and epidemiological factors.

Acquisition of non-contrastive focus in Russian by adult English-dominant bilinguals.

This study investigates the acquisition of sentence focus in Russian by adult English-Russian bilinguals, while paying special attention to the relative contribution of constituent order and prosodic expression. It aims to understand how these factors influence perceived word-level prominence and focus assignment during listening. We present results of two listening tasks designed to examine the influence of pitch cues and constituent order on perceived word prominence (Experiment 1) and focus assignment (Experiment 2) during the auditory comprehension of SV[O] and OV[S] sentences in Russian.

Generation of effective and specific human TCRs against tumor/testis antigen NY-ESO-1 in mice with humanized T cell recognition system.

Generation of high avidity T cell receptors (TCRs) reactive to tumor-associated antigens (TAA) is impaired by tolerance mechanisms, which is an obstacle to effective T cell therapies for cancer treatment. NY-ESO-1, a human cancer-testis antigen, represents an attractive target for such therapies due to its broad expression in different cancer types and the restricted expression in normal tissues. Utilizing transgenic mice with a diverse human TCR repertoire, we isolated effective TCRs against NY-ESO-1 restricted to HLA-A*02:01.

Novel rhesus macaque immunoglobulin germline genes identified by three sequencing approaches.

Introduction: Rhesus macaques have long been a focus of research for understanding immune responses to human pathogens due to their close phylogenetic relationship with humans. As rhesus macaque antibody germlines show high degrees of polymorphism, the spectrum of database-covered genes expressed in individual macaques remains to be determined.

Methods: Here, four rhesus macaques infected with SHIV became a study of interest because they developed broadly neutralizing antibodies against HIV-1.

Decorrelative network architecture for robust electrocardiogram classification.

To achieve adequate trust in patient-critical medical tasks, artificial intelligence must be able to recognize instances where they cannot operate confidently. Ensemble methods are deployed to estimate uncertainty, but models in an ensemble often share the same vulnerabilities to adversarial attacks. We propose an ensemble approach based on feature decorrelation and Fourier partitioning for teaching networks diverse features, reducing the chance of perturbation-based fooling.

Vascularized tumor on a microfluidic chip to study mechanisms promoting tumor neovascularization and vascular targeted therapies.

The cascade of events leading to tumor formation includes induction of a tumor supporting neovasculature, as a primary hallmark of cancer. Developing vasculature is difficult to evaluate but can be captured using microfluidic chip technology and patient derived cells. Herein, we established an approach to investigate the mechanisms promoting tumor vascularization and vascular targeted therapies via co-culture of cancer spheroids and endothelial cells in a three dimensional environment.

A Bibliometric Analysis of the 100 Top-Cited Articles on Vertical Root Fractures.

The aim of this study was to perform a meticulous analysis and bibliometric evaluation of the top 100 most cited articles in vertical root fractures (VRFs). The bibliometric research method included 100 top-cited articles on VRFs retrieved from the Web of Science database. The key terms "vertical root fracture" OR "vertical root fractures" were used to retrieve the required dataset.

Impact of Timing Surgical Fixation on Complications and Functional Outcomes in Ankle Fractures.

Introduction: This study aimed to assess whether adherence to the British Orthopaedic Association Standards for Trauma (BOAST) and National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidelines for ankle fractures is associated with reduced complication rates and improved functional outcomes.  Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted of all patients who underwent surgical fixation for ankle fractures in August 2023 to January 2024 from an acute hospital. Statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics software, version 29 (IBM Corp.

Discoidin Domain Receptor 1 impacts bone microarchitecture with aging in female mice.

Discoidin Domain Receptor 1 (DDR1) is a receptor tyrosine kinase that binds to and is activated by collagen(s), including collagen type I. deletion in osteoblasts and chondrocytes has previously demonstrated the importance of this receptor in bone development. In this study, we examined the effect of DDR1 ablation on bone architecture and mechanics as a function of aging.

Revolutionizing Diabetic Retinopathy Screening: Integrating AI-Based Retinal Imaging in Primary Care.

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a public health issue affecting millions in the United States and Europe. However, despite strong recommendations for screening at regular intervals by many professional societies, including the American Diabetes Association and the American Academy of Ophthalmology, screening rates remain suboptimal, with only 50-70% of patients with diabetes adhering to recommended annual eye exams. Barriers to screening include lack of awareness, socioeconomic factors, health care system fragmentation, and workforce shortages, among others.

Developing an Annual Review of the Literature.

Many national meetings and speaker series feature an "Annual Review of the Literature" (ARL) session in which an individual or team presents a sampling of articles, selected and prepared because they represent important current topics or new ideas in the discipline of interest. Despite this, there is little in the medical literature describing how to thoughtfully and systematically develop these sessions. We identify best practices that we have developed and used in the United States Clerkship Directors of Internal Medicine (CDIM) over many years.

Bayesian item response theory to estimate power in clinical trials with patient-reported outcomes as endpoints.

Purpose: Patient-Reported Outcomes (PROs) are widely used in clinical trials, epidemiological research, quality of life (QOL) studies, routine clinical care, and medical surveillance. The Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) is a system of reliable and standardized measures of PROs developed with Item Response Theory (IRT) using latent scores. Power estimation is critical to clinical trials and research designs.

Chronic viral mimicry induction following p53 loss promotes immune evasion.

Epigenetic therapies facilitate transcription of immunogenic repetitive elements that cull cancer cells through 'viral mimicry' responses. Paradoxically, cancer-initiating events also facilitate transcription of repetitive elements. Contributions of repetitive element transcription towards cancer initiation, and the mechanisms by which cancer cells evade lethal viral mimicry responses during tumor initiation remain poorly understood.

Niraparib as First-Line Maintenance Therapy in Patients with Stage III Ovarian Cancer and No Visible Residual Disease: AR1ZE Real-World Study.

Introduction: Niraparib was approved for first-line (1L) maintenance (1LM) treatment of patients with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) following the PRIMA/ENGOT-OV26/GOG-3012 (PRIMA) trial. PRIMA was restricted to patients at higher risk of progression (excluded stage III EOC with no visible residual disease [NVRD] after primary cytoreductive surgery [PCS]). This retrospective study evaluated the potential impact of excluding stage III EOC with NVRD from PRIMA by assessing real-world treatment outcomes following 1LM niraparib monotherapy in this patient population.

Perspectives on Clinical Pharmacist-Delivered Contingency Management to Promote Smoking Abstinence Among Individuals with HIV: A Qualitative Study.

Contingency management (CM), an evidence-based behavioral strategy that rewards positive behavior change including tobacco cessation, is rarely offered to support people with HIV (PWH) who smoke. In this study, we explored perspectives among patients and research staff engaged in a multi-site randomized clinical trial involving clinical pharmacist-delivered CM within HIV clinics. Between February and September 2023, we conducted 1:1 interviews with 12 PWH randomized to receive CM and one focus group with 8 staff (i.

Marijuana Use Increases the Risk of Postoperative Bleeding in Patients Undergoing Abdominal Body Contouring.

Background: The legalization and changing perception of marijuana have led to a significant increase in its use. Although studies exploring marijuana's physiological effects have grown, its effect on surgical outcomes remains unclear. This study investigates the influence of marijuana consumption on postoperative complications in patients undergoing abdominal body contouring surgeries such as abdominoplasties and panniculectomies.

AI as an intervention: improving clinical outcomes relies on a causal approach to AI development and validation.

The primary practice of healthcare artificial intelligence (AI) starts with model development, often using state-of-the-art AI, retrospectively evaluated using metrics lifted from the AI literature like AUROC and DICE score. However, good performance on these metrics may not translate to improved clinical outcomes. Instead, we argue for a better development pipeline constructed by working backward from the end goal of positively impacting clinically relevant outcomes using AI, leading to considerations of causality in model development and validation, and subsequently a better development pipeline.

Mutation impact on mRNA versus protein expression across human cancers.

Background: Cancer mutations are often assumed to alter proteins, thus promoting tumorigenesis. However, how mutations affect protein expression-in addition to gene expression-has rarely been systematically investigated. This is significant as mRNA and protein levels frequently show only moderate correlation, driven by factors such as translation efficiency and protein degradation.

Spatiotemporal dynamics of fetal liver hematopoietic niches.

Embryonic hematopoietic cells develop in the fetal liver (FL), surrounded by diverse non-hematopoietic stromal cells. However, the spatial organization and cytokine production patterns of the stroma during FL development remain poorly understood. Here, we characterized and mapped the hematopoietic and stromal cell populations at early (E12.

Performance on Activities of Daily Living and User Experience When Using Artificial Intelligence by Individuals With Vision Impairment.

Purpose: This study assessed objective performance, usability, and acceptance of artificial intelligence (AI) by people with vision impairment. The goal was to provide evidence-based data to enhance technology selection for people with vision loss (PVL) based on their loss and needs.

Methods: Using a cross-sectional, counterbalanced, cross-over study involving 25 PVL, we compared performance using two smart glasses (OrCam and Envision Glasses) and two AI apps (Seeing AI and Google Lookout).

US Real-World Effectiveness, Tolerability, and Healthcare Resource Utilization After Addition of Fremanezumab for Preventive Treatment in Patients Using Gepants for Acute Treatment of Migraine: Results From a Retrospective Chart Review.

Introduction: Fremanezumab, a monoclonal antibody (mAb) targeting the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) pathway, and gepants, small molecule CGRP receptor antagonists, are both approved for the treatment of migraine or its symptoms. This study assessed effectiveness, tolerability, and migraine-related healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) after the addition of fremanezumab for preventive migraine treatment in patients using gepants for acute treatment.

Methods: Data were extracted during a retrospective chart review from electronic medical records from the Dent Neurologic Institute.

Denovo variants in POGZ and YY1 genes: The novel mega players for neurodevelopmental syndromes in two unrelated consanguineous families.

Novel denovo variants of exome sequences are major cause of pathogenic neurodevelopmental disorders with a dominant genetic mechanism that emphasize their heterogeneity and complex phenotypes. White Sutton syndrome and Gabriele-de-Vries syndrome are congenital neuro-impairments with overlap of severe intellectual disability, microcephaly, convulsions, seizures, delayed development, dysmorphism of faces, retinal diseases, movement disorders and autistic traits. POGZ gene codes for pogo transposable element-derived zinc-finger protein and YY1 gene regulates transcription, chromatin, and RNA-binding proteins that have been associated with White Sutton and Gabriele-de-Vries syndromes, in recent data.