Stereotactic injection of murine brain tumor cells for neuro-oncology studies.

Glioblastomas (GBMs) are the most common and aggressive brain tumors, with a poor prognosis. Effective preclinical models are crucial to investigate GBM biology and develop novel treatments. Syngeneic models, which consist in injecting murine GBM cells into mice with a similar genetic background, offer reproducibility, cost-effectiveness, and an intact immune system, making them ideal for immunotherapy research.

Congenital Pulmonary Vascular Anomalies and Disease.

Congenital pulmonary vascular disease is a daunting and diverse topic spanning both pulmonary arterial and venous anomalies. Given advancements in treatment, patients with congenital anomalies have longer life expectancies into adulthood and practicing radiologists are bound to come across these patients during their daily practice. Additionally, many anomalies are discovered incidentally on imaging, yet may still have implications for patient care.

Osteonecrosis of the Humerus: Trends in Surgical Management of a Nationwide Sample From 2010 to 2021.

Introduction: The humeral head is the second most common site for osteonecrosis but its epidemiology is poorly described. This study aimed to better understand its treatment in the United States by 1) evaluating total operative procedures with rates normalized to the annual surgical volume; 2) determining trends of non-joint preserving (shoulder arthroplasty) vs. joint preserving procedures; and 3) quantifying rates of operative techniques in different aged cohorts (<50 vs.

Outcomes of Concentrated Bone Marrow Aspirate with Extracellular Matrix in Pediatric and Adolescent Patients with Capitellar Osteochondritis Dissecans.

Background: Humeral capitellar osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) lesions can be challenging to treat. Past studies have demonstrated grafting with extracellular matrix with bone marrow aspirate concentrate (ECM-BMAC) to be a viable technique for treatment of talar dome OCD, though little literature exists regarding application of this technique to the capitellum. This study aimed to report patient-reported outcomes (PROs) and return to sport (RTS) of pediatric patients at ≥1-year postoperatively who underwent ECM-BMAC grafting for capitellar OCD lesions.

First evidence of human infection by the kinetoplastid flagellate Dimastigella trypaniformis in a patient with urinary tract infection.

We present a case of an 88-year-old man with symptoms consistent with a urinary tract infection, whose diagnostic workup uncovered a previously unrecognized motile flagellated protozoan. Molecular identification confirmed the organism as Dimastigella trypaniformis, a free-living kinetoplastid from the Rhynchomonadidae family. Known only from soil samples in Scotland and termite gut contents in Australia and Germany, Dimastigella trypaniformis has not been previously reported to infect vertebrate hosts.

Longitudinal integrated proteomic and metabolomic skin changes in atopic dermatitis patients treated with dupilumab.

Background: Inhibition of IL-4/IL-13 driven inflammation by dupilumab has shown significant clinical benefits in treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD).

Objective: To assess longitudinal protein and metabolite composition in AD skin during dupilumab treatment.

Methods: Skin tape strip (STS) were collected from lesional/non-lesional skin of 20 AD patients during 16-week dupilumab treatment and from 20 healthy volunteers (HV) followed for 16-weeks.

Neuropsychiatric manifestations in systemic lupus erythematosus and Sjogren's disease.

Introduction: Autoimmune diseases often present in a systemic manner, affecting various organs and tissues. Involvement of the central and peripheral nervous system is not uncommon in these conditions and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Therefore, early recognition of the neuropsychiatric manifestations associated with rheumatologic diseases is essential for the introduction of appropriate therapies with the objective of providing a better quality of life for individuals.

Rationale and Design of the Prevail Global Trial Program Evaluating the Prevail Drug-Coated Balloon in Patients with In-stent Restenosis and De Novo Small Vessel Disease.

Background And Rationale: In-stent restenosis (ISR) remains the leading cause of treatment failure following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with contemporary drug-eluting stents. Especially in small caliber coronary arteries, restenosis is common following PCI and represents a treatment challenge. Drug-coated balloons (DCB) are an attractive alternative to stents for treatment of both ISR and small vessel disease.

Acute angiotensin receptor blockade and mnemonic discrimination in healthy participants.

Background: The renin angiotensin system (RAS) is implicated in various cognitive processes relevant to anxiety. However, the role of the RAS in pattern separation, a hippocampal memory mechanism that enables discrete encoding of similar stimuli, is unclear. Given the proposed role of this mechanism in overgeneralization and the maintenance of anxiety, we explored the influence of the RAS on mnemonic discrimination i.

Lifelong partners: Gut microbiota-immune cell interactions from infancy to old age.

Our immune system and gut microbiota are intricately coupled from birth, both going through maturation during early life and senescence during aging almost in a synchronized fashion. The symbiotic relationship between the human host and microbiota is critically dependent on a healthy immune system to keep our microbiota in check; while the microbiota provides essential functions to promote the development and fitness of our immune system. The partnership between our immune system and microbiota is particularly important during early life, in which microbial ligands and metabolites shape the development of the immune cells and immune tolerance; during aging, having sufficient beneficial gut bacteria is critical for the maintenance of intact mucosal barriers, immune metabolic fitness, and strong immunity against pathogens.

Intravenous Tranexamic Acid Does Not Improve Visual Field Clarity During Hip Arthroscopy: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial.

Purpose: To determine the effectiveness of administering intravenous (IV) tranexamic acid (TXA) on altering visual field clarity (VFC) during arthroscopic hip preservation surgery for patients with femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS).

Methods: This randomized, double-blind, parallel-design trial was conducted over a seven-month period between October 2023 and May 2024 at a single tertiary musculoskeletal hospital. Inclusion criteria included consecutive patients that were diagnosed with FAIS through clinical history, physical exam and advanced imaging and indicated for hip arthroscopy after having failed conservative management.

Therapeutic outcomes and safety of radiofrequency ablation for primary papillary thyroid carcinoma: A game-changing meta-analysis.

Background: Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is an emerging treatment option for small, low-risk papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate and compare the efficacy and safety profiles of RFA for primary T1a vs. T1b PTC.

Breast cancer outcomes after skin- and nipple-sparing mastectomy in BRCA pathogenic mutation carriers versus non-BRCA carriers.

Unlabelled: Our previous study on BRCA breast cancer carriers disclosed a high local recurrence (LR) rate in patients who underwent skin sparing (SSM) or nipple sparing mastectomy (NSM) without postoperative radiation therapy (RT), compared to breast conservation surgery or mastectomy with RT. The current study compares the LR rates in BRCA versus non BRCA carriers after SSM/NSM in relation the receipt of RT.

Methods: The study was approved by the institutional ethics committee.

Randomized Evaluation of the PET-Adjusted IMRT for NSCLC Trial (REPAINT).

Background: Standard radiotherapy (RT) for locally advanced NSCLC (LA-NSCLC) employs a uniform dose of approximately 60 Gy. Recent trials demonstrated that radiotherapy dose escalation may not improve outcomes and may cause added toxicity. XXX previously performed a single-arm trial testing a personalized, risk-adapted, and de-intensified RT strategy.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis caused by FUS mutations: advances with broad implications.

Autosomal dominant mutations in the gene encoding the DNA and RNA binding protein FUS are a cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and about 0·3-0·9% of patients with ALS are FUS mutation carriers. FUS-mutation-associated ALS (FUS-ALS) is characterised by early onset and rapid progression, compared with other forms of ALS. However, different pathogenic mutations in FUS can result in markedly different age at symptom onset and rate of disease progression.

Apixaban versus aspirin for stroke prevention in people with subclinical atrial fibrillation and a history of stroke or transient ischaemic attack: subgroup analysis of the ARTESiA randomised controlled trial.

Background: People with subclinical atrial fibrillation are at increased risk of stroke, albeit to a lesser extent than those with clinical atrial fibrillation, leading to an ongoing debate regarding the benefit of anticoagulation in these individuals. In the ARTESiA trial, the direct-acting oral anticoagulant apixaban reduced stroke or systemic embolism compared with aspirin in people with subclinical atrial fibrillation, but the risk of major bleeding was increased with apixaban. In a prespecified subgroup analysis of ARTESiA, we tested the hypothesis that people with subclinical atrial fibrillation and a history of stroke or transient ischaemic attack, who are known to have an increased risk of recurrent stroke, would show a greater benefit from oral anticoagulation for secondary stroke prevention compared with those without a history of stroke or transient ischaemic attack.

Intranasal oxytocin for apathy in people with frontotemporal dementia (FOXY): a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, adaptive, crossover, phase 2a/2b superiority trial.

Background: No treatments exist for apathy in people with frontotemporal dementia. Previously, in a randomised double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-finding study, intranasal oxytocin administration in people with frontotemporal dementia improved apathy ratings on the Neuropsychiatric Inventory over 1 week and, in a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study, a single dose of 72 IU oxytocin increased blood-oxygen-level-dependent signal in limbic brain regions. We aimed to determine whether longer treatment with oxytocin improves apathy in people with frontotemporal dementia.

Safety and efficacy of satralizumab in patients with generalised myasthenia gravis (LUMINESCE): a randomised, double-blind, multicentre, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial.

Background: Evidence from preclinical studies suggests that IL-6 signalling has the potential to modulate immunopathogenic mechanisms upstream of autoantibody effector mechanisms in patients with generalised myasthenia gravis. We aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of satralizumab, a humanised monoclonal antibody targeting the IL-6 receptor, in patients with generalised myasthenia gravis.

Methods: LUMINESCE was a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre, phase 3 study at 105 sites, including hospitals and clinics, globally.

Ligand interaction landscape of transcription factors and essential enzymes in E. coli.

Knowledge of protein-metabolite interactions can enhance mechanistic understanding and chemical probing of biochemical processes, but the discovery of endogenous ligands remains challenging. Here, we combined rapid affinity purification with precision mass spectrometry and high-resolution molecular docking to precisely map the physical associations of 296 chemically diverse small-molecule metabolite ligands with 69 distinct essential enzymes and 45 transcription factors in the gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli. We then conducted systematic metabolic pathway integration, pan-microbial evolutionary projections, and independent in-depth biophysical characterization experiments to define the functional significance of ligand interfaces.