AI Can Be a Powerful Social Innovation for Public Health if Community Engagement Is at the Core.

There is a critical need for community engagement in the process of adopting artificial intelligence (AI) technologies in public health. Public health practitioners and researchers have historically innovated in areas like vaccination and sanitation but have been slower in adopting emerging technologies such as generative AI. However, with increasingly complex funding, programming, and research requirements, the field now faces a pivotal moment to enhance its agility and responsiveness to evolving health challenges.

Clinical Characteristics of Virologically Confirmed Respiratory Syncytial Virus in English Primary Care: Protocol for an Observational Study of Acute Respiratory Infection.

Background: There are gaps in our understanding of the clinical characteristics and disease burden of the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) among community-dwelling adults. This is in part due to a lack of routine testing at the point of care. More data would enhance our assessment of the need for an RSV vaccination program for adults in the United Kingdom.

Management of Low-Grade Gliomas.

The term "low-grade glioma" historically refers to adult diffuse gliomas that exhibit a less aggressive course than the more common high-grade gliomas. In the current molecular era, "low-grade" refers to World Health Organization central nervous system grade 2 gliomas almost always with an isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation (astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas). The term "lower-grade gliomas" has emerged encompassing grades 2 and 3 IDH-mutant astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas, to acknowledge that histological grade is not as important a prognostic factor as molecular features, and distinguishing them from grade 4 glioblastomas, which lack an IDH mutation.

Exposomic Determinants of Atherosclerosis: Recent Evidence.

Purpose Of Review: The exposome refers to the total environmental exposures a person encounters throughout life, and its relationship with human health is increasingly studied. This non-systematic review focuses on recent research investigating the effects of environmental factors-such as air pollution, noise, greenspace, neighborhood walkability, and metallic pollutants-on atherosclerosis, a major cause of cardiovascular disease.

Recent Findings: Studies show that long-term exposure to airborne particulate matter can impair endothelial function and elevate adhesion molecule levels, leading to vascular damage.

Phase I trial of ATR inhibitor elimusertib with FOLFIRI in advanced or metastatic gastrointestinal malignancies (ETCTN 10406).

Background: ATR is an apical DDR kinase activated at damaged replication forks. Elimusertib is an oral ATR inhibitor and potentiates irinotecan in human colorectal cancer models.

Methods: To establish dose and tolerability of elimusertib with FOLFIRI, a Bayesian Optimal Interval trial design was pursued.

Suppression of chemically induced mammary cancer by early-life oral administration of cholera toxin in mice is associated with aberrant regulation of Bmp and Notch signaling pathways.

Background: Lately, significant attention has been drawn towards the potential efficacy of cholera toxin (CT)-an exotoxin produced by the small intestine pathogenic bacterium Vibrio cholera-in modulating cancer-promoting events. In a recent study, we demonstrated that early-life oral administration of non-pathogenic doses of CT in mice suppressed chemically-induced carcinogenesis in tissues distantly located from the gut. In the mammary gland, CT pretreatment was shown to reduce tumor multiplicity, increase apoptosis and alter the expression of several cancer-related molecules.

Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Key Genes and Pathways for Growth, Ion Transport, and Oxidative Stress in Post-Larval Black Tiger Shrimp (Penaeus monodon) Under Acute Low Salt Stress.

As an abiotic stress factor, salinity significantly affects the physiological activities of crustaceans. In this study, transcriptome sequencing was used to evaluate the mechanism of ion transport and the physiological response of black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) under low salt stress. Four hundred post larval (PL) stage P.

A Snapshot of United States Sarcoidosis Patients and their Perceived Disease Impact: Results of the Sarcoidosis Research Institute Survey.

Purpose: The priorities and concerns of sarcoidosis patients in the United States (US) have not been well-described.

Methods: A survey constructed by sarcoidosis patients and doctors was administered to US sarcoidosis patients. The survey queried patients concerning their demographics, disease state, disease impact on health and well-being, health care priorities and impressions of sarcoidosis care.

Long-term effects of combined exposures to simulated microgravity and galactic cosmic radiation on the mouse lung: sex-specific epigenetic reprogramming.

Most studies on the effects of galactic cosmic rays (GCR) have relied on terrestrial irradiation using spatially homogeneous dose distributions of mono-energetic beams comprised of one ion species. Here, we exposed mice to novel beams that more closely mimic GCR, namely, comprising poly-energetic ions of multiple species. Six-month-old male and female C57BL/6J mice were exposed to 0 Gy, 0.

Differentiation of intrapancreatic accessory spleen from pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor using MRI R2.

Purpose: To evaluate the performance of R2* in distinguishing intrapancreatic accessory spleens (IPASs) from pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs).

Methods: Two radiologists (R1 and R2) retrospectively reviewed the MRIs of 20 IPAS and 20 PNET patients. IPASs were diagnosed with uptake on 99mTc labeled heat-damaged red blood cell scintigraphy or characteristic findings on CT/MRI and ≥ 12 month-long-stability.

CT-based machine learning radiomics predicts Ki-67 expression level and its relationship with overall survival in resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

Background: The prognostic prediction of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains challenging. This study aimed to develop a radiomics model to predict Ki-67 expression status in PDAC patients using radiomics features from dual-phase enhanced CT, and integrated clinical characteristics to create a radiomics-clinical nomogram for prognostic prediction.

Methods: In this retrospective study, data were collected from 124 PDAC patients treated surgically at a single center, from January 2017 to March 2023.

Inter-reader reliability of Ovarian-Adnexal Reporting and Data System US: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: Ovarian-Adnexal Reporting and Data System (O-RADS) US provides a standardized lexicon for ovarian and adnexal lesions, facilitating risk stratification based on morphological features for malignancy assessment, which is essential for proper management. However, systematic determination of inter-reader reliability in O-RADS US categorization remains unexplored. This study aimed to systematically determine the inter-reader reliability of O-RADS US categorization and identify the factors that affect it.

Radiomics for prediction of perineural invasion in colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Perineural invasion (PNI) in colorectal cancer (CRC) is a significant prognostic factor associated with poor outcomes. Radiomics, which involves extracting quantitative features from medical imaging, has emerged as a potential tool for predicting PNI. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of radiomics models in predicting PNI in CRC.

Enhanced accuracy and stability in automated intra-pancreatic fat deposition monitoring of type 2 diabetes mellitus using Dixon MRI and deep learning.

Purpose: Intra-pancreatic fat deposition (IPFD) is closely associated with the onset and progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We aimed to develop an accurate and automated method for assessing IPFD on multi-echo Dixon MRI.

Materials And Methods: In this retrospective study, 534 patients from two centers who underwent upper abdomen MRI and completed multi-echo and double-echo Dixon MRI were included.

A nomogram to preoperatively predict the aggressiveness of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors based on CT features and 3D CT radiomic features.

Objectives: Combining Computed Tomography (CT) intuitive anatomical features with Three-Dimensional (3D) CT multimodal radiomic imaging features to construct a model for assessing the aggressiveness of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNETs) prior to surgery.

Methods: This study involved 242 patients, randomly assigned to training (170) and validation (72) cohorts. Preoperative CT and 3D CT radiomic features were used to develop a model predicting pNETs aggressiveness.

Multi-parametric MRI combined with radiomics for the diagnosis and grading of endometrial fibrosis.

Purpose: To evaluate the application of multi-parametric MRI (MP-MRI) combined with radiomics in diagnosing and grading endometrial fibrosis (EF).

Methods: A total of 74 patients with severe endometrial fibrosis (SEF), 41 patients with mild to moderate fibrosis (MMEF) confirmed by hysteroscopy, and 40 healthy women of reproductive age were prospectively enrolled. The enrolled data were randomly stratified and divided into a train set (108 cases: 28 healthy women, 29 with MMEF, and 51 with SEF) and a test set (47 cases: 12 healthy women, 12 MMEF and 23 SEF) at a ratio of 7:3.

A systematic review to determine the effect of strategies to sustain chronic disease prevention interventions in clinical and community settings.

This review assessed the effect of strategies designed to sustain the delivery of evidenced based interventions (EBIs) which target behavioural risk factors linked to leading causes of chronic disease in clinical and community settings. Seven electronic databases were searched for randomised controlled studies published from earliest record to November 2022. Studies were included if they tested a strategy to sustain the delivery of an EBI within clinical or community settings.

Procedural Entrustment Alignment Between Pediatric Residents and Their Preceptors in the Pediatric Emergency Department.

Objective: Entrustment describes the balance of supervision and autonomy between resident and preceptor to complete doctoring tasks like procedures. Entrustment alignment between resident and preceptor facilitates safe, successful outcomes, and promotes learning. Study objectives describe procedural entrustment alignment between senior pediatric residents and their preceptors and report the impact of a simulation-based formative assessment (SFA) on entrustment alignment.

Factors Associated with Corneal Hysteresis in an Elderly White Population: The Thessaloniki Eye Study.

Prcis: In 801 participants, corneal hysteresis (CH) was positively associated with female gender and central corneal thickness, and negatively with age and axial length. Diabetes showed no significant association with CH in the adjusted models.

Purpose: To provide values of corneal hysteresis (CH) in an elderly, healthy Greek population and to investigate its association with demographic, ocular, and systemic factors.

Canadian Men's Intimate Partner Relationship Break-Ups During COVID-19: Implications for Mental Health Promotion.

COVID-19 impacted many men's intimate partner relationships, with distressed and disrupted partnerships consistently featured in commentaries with linkages to mental health challenges. The current study draws from interviews with 23 Canadian-based men, 19-50 years old, who experienced a break-up during COVID-19. Addressing the research question, "What are the connections between masculinities, men's mental health, and intimate partner relationship break-ups during COVID-19?", three thematic findings were derived: (1) Virtually Together and Growing Apart, (2) Mentally Trapped, and Failing Fast and Slow, and (3) Introspections and Moving On.

Immunogenicity of the 9-valent human papillomavirus vaccine: Post hoc analysis from five phase 3 studies.

Post hoc analyses of 9-valent human papillomavirus (9vHPV) vaccine immunogenicity were conducted in five Phase 3 studies that enrolled males. Month 7 antibody geometric mean titers (GMTs) after three 9vHPV vaccine doses were analyzed in 10,024 males/females aged 16-26 years from studies 001 (NCT00543543), 002 (NCT00943722), 003 (NCT01651949), and 020 (NCT02114385). Covariates considered were age, gender, sexual orientation, region of residence, and race.

Prevalence and Risk Factors for Medial Meniscus Ramp Lesions in the Setting of Pediatric Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background: Medial meniscus ramp lesions (MMRLs) are commonly associated with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries and may increase the risk of graft failure after ACL reconstruction (ACLR) if undiagnosed or left untreated. Although MMRLs have been extensively reported in adults, there are limited studies describing them in pediatric patients undergoing ACLR. The purpose of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the pooled prevalence of and risk factors for MMRLs in pediatric patients with ACL injuries.