Reanalysis of Samburupithecus reveals similarities to nyanzapithecines.

Samburupithecus kiptalami is an ape found in Late Miocene deposits (ca. 9.5 Ma) of northern Kenya.

Functional characterization of MMAR_1296 in Mycobacterium marinum and its potential as a vaccine candidate.

The Pro-Glu/Pro-Pro-Glu (PE/PPE) family proteins in mycobacteria plays a crucial role in pathogenesis and immune evasion. These proteins characterized by unique structures with conserved sequences. This study elucidated the specific immunological functions of MMAR_1296 from marine mycobacterium.

Association of age and performance status with adverse events in older adults with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma receiving frontline R-CHOP therapy: Alliance 151930, a secondary analysis of the phase III trial CALGB 50303.

Introduction: Rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone (R-CHOP) therapy is the standard of care for patients with newly diagnosed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). However, detailed delineation of toxicity data is limited and has not been examined by age. We sought to examine adverse event data in patients receiving R-CHOP from the Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB) 50303 trial to determine if there were differences in grade 3+ toxicities by age cohort or ECOG performance status (PS), and if outcome was impacted by age cohort or toxicity occurrence.

AI-derived automated quantification of cardiac chambers and myocardium from non-contrast CT: Prediction of major adverse cardiovascular events in asymptomatic subjects.

Background And Aims: The significance of left ventricular mass and chamber volumes from non-contrast computed tomography (CT) for predicting major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) has not been studied. Our objective was to evaluate the role of artificial intelligence-enabled multi-chamber cardiac volumetry from non-contrast CT for long-term risk stratification in asymptomatic subjects without known coronary artery disease.

Methods: Our study included 2022 asymptomatic individuals (55.

Effectiveness and safety of acupuncture for melasma: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Background: Treating melasma remains challenging. We conducted a meta-analysis to assess the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture as a treatment option.

Methods: We searched three English and four Chinese databases up to January 2, 2024.

PET-CT-based host metabolic (PETMet) features are associated with pathologic response in gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma.

Background: F-FDG PET-CT-based host metabolic (PETMet) profiling of non-tumor tissue is a novel approach to incorporate the patient-specific response to cancer into clinical algorithms.

Materials And Methods: A prospectively maintained institutional database of gastroesophageal cancer patients was queried for pretreatment PET-CTs, demographics, and clinicopathologic variables. F-FDG PET avidity was measured in 9 non-tumor tissue types (liver, spleen, 4 muscles, 3 fat locations).

Association of non-English as primary language on clinical outcomes for arteriovenous fistula creation within a safety net system.

Approximately 22 ​% of the United States population communicates in a non-English language, potentially impacting healthcare communication and outcomes. Few studies have examined the association between non-English primary language (NEPL) and surgical outcomes and none to our knowledge in patients undergoing arteriovenous fistula creation within a safety net system. In this study, we conducted a retrospective analysis on adults who underwent AVF creation for hemodialysis access between January 1, 2014, and December 31, 2019.

Exploring the interplay between enhancer-promoter interactions and transcription.

Enhancers in metazoan genomes are known to activate their target genes across both short and long genomic distances. Recent advances in chromosome conformation capture assays and single-cell imaging have shed light on the underlying chromatin contacts and dynamics. Yet the relationship between 3D physical enhancer-promoter (E-P) interactions and transcriptional activation remains unresolved.

Downstaging of hepatocellular carcinoma before liver transplantation: Results from a national multi-center prospective cohort study.

Background Aims: Patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) meeting UNOS-downstaging (DS) criteria have excellent post-liver transplantation (LT) outcomes. Studies on HCC beyond UNOS-DS criteria ("All-comers" (AC)) have been limited by small sample size and short follow-up time, prompting this analysis.

Approach Results: 326 patients meeting UNOS-DS and 190 meeting AC criteria from 9 LT centers across 5 UNOS regions were enrolled from 2015 to 2023 and prospectively followed.

Continuing Education Certificate in Trauma Skills Among Emergency Nurses: A National Sample Survey Analysis.

Background: Trauma population health indicators are worsening in the United States. Nurses working in trauma care settings require specialized training for patient care. Little is known about national enumeration of nurses who hold skill-based trauma certificates.

Soft Coagulation Versus Argon Plasma Coagulation After Large Non-pedunculated Colorectal Polyp Resection: A Meta-analysis.

Introduction: Thermal ablative methods (such as argon plasma coagulation (APC) and soft tip snare coagulation (STSC) are commonly used to treat polyp margins. We aim to appraise the current literature and compare clinical outcomes between patients with treated (with APC vs. STSC) and non-treated endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) margins.

Proteins and pathways involved in inflammation are longitudinally associated with total body bone mineral density among primarily hispanic overweight/obese adolescents and young adults.

Bone mineral density (BMD), an important marker of bone health, is regulated by a complex interaction of proteins. Plasma proteomic analyses can contribute to identification of proteins associated with changes in BMD. This may be especially informative in stages of bone accrual and peak BMD achievement (i.

Unveiling Intramolecular [3+2] Cycloaddition Reactions Leading to Functionalized Heterocycles in the Light of Molecular Electron Density Theory.

The relative reactivity and cis/trans selectivity of the intramolecular [3+2] cycloaddition (IM32CA) reactions of nitrile oxide (NO), azide (AZ), nitrile sulfide (NS) and nitrile ylide (NY), leading to functionalized heterocycles are studied within the Molecular Electron Density Theory. The kinetically controlled IM32CA reactions are predicted to be cis stereospecific, while the reaction feasibility follows the order NY > NS > NO > AZ with the respective activation Gibbs free energies of 13.7, 17.

Acceptability of a dapivirine levonorgestrel vaginal ring in two Phase 1 trials (MTN-030/IPM 041 and MTN-044/IPM 053/CCN019): Implications for multipurpose prevention technology development.

End-user feedback early in product development is important for optimizing multipurpose prevention technologies for HIV and pregnancy prevention. We evaluated the acceptability of the 90-day dapivirine levonorgestrel ring (DPV-LNG ring) used for 14 days compared to a dapivirine-only ring (DVR-200mg) in MTN-030/IPM 041 (n = 23), and when used for 90 days cyclically or continuously in MTN-044/IPM 053/CCN019 (n = 25). We enrolled healthy, non-pregnant, HIV-negative women aged 18-45 in Pittsburgh, PA and Birmingham, AL (MTN-030 only).

Financial Incentives, Income Supplementation, Cash Transfer, and Universal Basic Income Interventions in Diabetes: Understanding Differences and Effectiveness: A Scoping Review.

The objective of this review is to evaluate and summarize the evidence base for the effects of monetary intervention approaches (the use of positive monetary reinforcers and gains) on diabetes outcomes. A reproducible search using OVID Medline, PubMed, Scopus, and CINAHL was conducted. Articles published from database creation up to July 2024 were searched.

mTORC1 regulates the pyrimidine salvage pathway by controlling UCK2 turnover via the CTLH-WDR26 E3 ligase.

One critical aspect of cell proliferation is increased nucleotide synthesis, including pyrimidines. Pyrimidines are synthesized through de novo and salvage pathways. Prior studies established that the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) promotes pyrimidine synthesis by activating the de novo pathway for cell proliferation.

A Proposed mHealth Intervention to Address Patient Barriers to Colposcopy Attendance: Qualitative Interview Study of Clinic Staff and Patient Perspectives.

Background: Cervical cancer disparities persist among minoritized women due to infrequent screening and poor follow-up. Structural and psychosocial barriers to following up with colposcopy are problematic for minoritized women. Evidence-based interventions using patient navigation and tailored telephone counseling, including the Tailored Communication for Cervical Cancer Risk (TC3), have modestly improved colposcopy attendance.

Patient-physician communication in advanced kidney disease: a narrative review.

The increasing prevalence of kidney failure highlights the crucial need for effective patient-physician communication to improve health-related quality of life and ensure adherence to treatment plans. This narrative review evaluates communication practices in the context of advanced kidney disease, focusing on the frameworks of shared decision-making, advanced care planning, and communication skills training among nephrologists. The findings highlight the significant gaps in patient-physician communication, particularly in the domains of advanced care planning, shared decision-making, and dialysis withdrawal.

"The Environment Fostered True Growth": Harnessing Coaching on an Innovative Medicine Sub-internship.

Background: Medicine sub-internships aim to prepare students for residency. However, the traditional sub-internship structure, with multiple learners at varied levels, poses obstacles to providing the clinical exposure, learning environment, and direct observation and feedback necessary to develop essential skills.

Aim: Investigate the educational experience of learners on a coaching-centered sub-internship (CCSI) on a resident uncovered ward service.

Genetic Mechanism Analysis Related to Cold Tolerance of Red Swamp Crayfish, Procambarus clarkii.

In China, the red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii), a notorious invasive species, has become an important economic freshwater species. In order to compare the genetic diversity and population structure of crayfish from northern and southern China, we collected 60 crayfish individuals from 4 crayfish populations in northern China and 2 populations in southern China for sequencing using the 2b-RAD technique. Additionally, the whole genome sequence information obtained by 2b-RAD of 90 individuals from 2 populations in northern China and 7 populations in southern China were downloaded from NCBI.

Bacteria-Produced Algicide for Field Control of Toxic Dinoflagellates Does Not Cause a Cortisol Stress Response in Two Estuarine Fish Species.

Application of algicides produced by naturally occurring bacteria is considered an environmentally friendly approach to control harmful algal blooms. However, few studies assess the effects of bacterial algicides on non-target species, either independently or with other stressors. Here, we measured sub-lethal effects of dinoflagellate-specific algicide IRI-160AA on the estuarine fish Fundulus heteroclitus and Menidia menidia in laboratory experiments.

A Phase 3, 28-week, multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (OA-10) to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a single injection of lorecivivint in the target knee joint of moderately to severely symptomatic osteoarthritis patients.

Objectives: To assess the efficacy and safety of an intra-articular (IA) CLK/DYRK inhibitor, lorecivivint (LOR), for the treatment of moderate to severe symptomatic knee osteoarthritis (OA).

Methods: This was a Phase 3, 28-week, multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled study evaluating the efficacy and safety of a single IA injection of LOR. Patients with ACR-defined knee OA, Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) grades 2-3, and pain Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) ≥4 and ≤8 in the target knee were randomised (1:1) to receive LOR 0.

Phase 3, 56-week, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study utilising patient-reported and radiographic outcomes evaluating the efficacy and safety of a lorecivivint injection in patients with moderate to severe knee osteoarthritis: OA-11 Study.

Objectives: To determine the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of intraarticular (IA) lorecivivint (LOR) in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis (OA).

Methods: Patients with American College of Rheumatology criteria-defined knee OA, Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) grades 2-3, and medial Joint Space Width (JSW) by radiograph between 1.5 and 4 mm in the target knee were enrolled in this phase 3, 56-week, multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

DNA Methylation of Somatic Tissues in Oysters is Influenced by Sex and Heredity.

The influence of sex and heredity on DNA methylation in the somatic tissues of mice has been well-documented, with similar hereditary effects reported in honeybees. However, the extent to which these factors affect DNA methylation in molluscan somatic tissues remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigated genomic DNA methylation patterns in the adductor muscle of two genetically distinct oyster strains using whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS).

Insulin and insulin-like growth factor and risk of postmenopausal estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer: a case-cohort analysis.

Background: Higher concentration of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) increases postmenopausal breast cancer risk, but evidence for insulin and c-peptide is limited. Further, not all studies have accounted for potential confounding by biomarkers from other biological pathways, and not all were restricted to estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer.

Methods: This was a case-cohort study of 1,223 postmenopausal women (347 with ER-positive breast cancer) from the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study.