Fundamental constraints and questions from the study of martian meteorites and the need for returned samples.

Physical materials from planetary bodies are crucial for understanding fundamental processes that constrain the evolution of the solar system, as samples can be analyzed at high precision and accuracy in Earth-based laboratories. Mars is the only planet outside of Earth from which we possess samples in the form of meteorites. Martian meteorites (n > 350) have enabled constraints to be placed on various aspects of the red planet's formation and evolution, notably: that Mars accreted and differentiated rapidly; that the planet has a complex volatile element evolution; and that it has always been volcanically active with a rich and diverse magmatic history.

Pan-European atmospheric lead pollution, enhanced blood lead levels, and cognitive decline from Roman-era mining and smelting.

Ancient texts and archaeological evidence indicate substantial lead exposure during antiquity that potentially impacted human health. Although lead exposure routes were many and included the use of glazed tablewares, paints, cosmetics, and even intentional ingestion, the most significant for the nonelite, rural majority of the population may have been through background air pollution from mining and smelting of silver and lead ores that underpinned the Roman economy. Here, we determined potential health effects of this air pollution using Arctic ice core measurements of Roman-era lead pollution, atmospheric modeling, and modern epidemiology-based relationships between air concentrations, blood lead levels (BLLs), and cognitive decline.

Frequency of emergency medical service contacts after hospital admissions.

Identifying frequent users of Emergency Medical Services (EMS) in the post-discharge period can potentially direct interventions to prevent deterioration at home. This study aimed to describe the frequency of post-discharge emergency phone calls within 30 days after common medical and surgical categories of hospital admission. A retrospective cohort study retrieved data from the electronic medical record and the EMS Capital Region Denmark database after approval by the Danish Health Data Authority.

Import of global high-risk clones is the primary driver of carbapenemase-producing in Norway.

Infections by carbapenemase-producing (CP-Pa) are concerning due to limited treatment options. The emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) high-risk clones is an essential driver in the global rise of CP-Pa. Insights into the molecular epidemiology of CP-Pa are crucial to understanding its clinical and public health impact.

Perspectives of old-age and dementia researchers on communication with policymakers and public research funding decision-makers: an international cross-sectional survey.

Introduction: Society commonly believes that research knowledge is complementary to public decision-making. This study aimed to understand the perspectives and implications of dementia researchers communicating with policymakers and public research decision-makers (public officials).

Methods: This study uses 24 questions from an anonymous, online survey, which was received by 392 members of nine European, Latin American, and United States medical researcher associations/networks in the fields of age-related neurological degeneration and dementia medicine.

The effects of diet enhancement on the health of commercial bumblebee colonies.

Unlabelled: Commercially reared bees provide economically important pollination services for a diversity of crops. Improving their health is important both to maximise their pollination services and to avoid possible pathogen spillover or spillback with wild pollinators. Diet quality may directly or indirectly affect diverse aspects of bumblebee health, including colony development, individual size and immune health, but the impact of this remains unclear.

Bariatric nutrition and evaluation of the metabolic surgical patient: Update to the 2022 Obesity Medicine Association (OMA) bariatric surgery, gastrointestinal hormones, and the microbiome clinical practice statement (CPS).

Background: In 2022, the Obesity Medicine Association (OMA) published a Clinical Practice Statement (CPS) which provided an overview of bariatric surgery and related procedures, a discussion on gastrointestinal hormones and a review of the microbiome as it relates to patients with obesity. This update to the 2022 OMA CPS provides a focus on nutrition as it relates to the adult bariatric surgery patient, incorporating a detailed discussion on how to conduct a bariatric nutrition assessment and manage patients seeking metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) and postoperative nutrition care. In particular, the section on macronutrients, micronutrients, and bariatric surgery has been updated, highlighting practical approaches to nutrient deficiencies typically encountered in the bariatric surgery patient.

A Preliminary Study of Spherical Surface-Modified Carbon Materials for Potential Application in La (Ac) and Bi Separation.

Separation of high-activity Bi from Ac for targeted alpha therapy is challenging due to the instability of existing sorbents. Surface-modified carbon materials have shown promise for use in inverse Ac/Bi generators. However, previously reported materials with irregular shapes may limit their applications in column separations.

Pharmacological Cognitive Enhancement Among International Medical Students: Assessing Study Habits as a Novel Factor.

Introduction: Pharmacological cognitive enhancement (PCE) among healthy individuals with off-label use of medications raises ethical and safety concerns in academia. Among the few studies that have examined this phenomenon in medical students, the desire to improve performance and cope with high levels of stress are the most common associated factors implicated. Our main objective was to update current literature by exploring a novel factor by investigating the association between PCE use and student learning approaches among a cohort of international medical students.

Identification and comparison of -glycome profiles from common dietary protein sources.

The glycomes of bovine whey, egg white, pea, and soy protein isolates are described here. -glycans from four protein isolates were analyzed by HILIC high performance liquid chromatography and quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (HILIC-FLD-QTOF-MS/MS). In total, 33 glycans from bovine whey and egg white and 10 -glycans from soy and pea glycoproteins were identified.

Revising EU pharmaceutical legislation: will it foster drug repurposing?

Repurposing off-patent drugs can be a potential source of low-cost treatments for patients with unmet medical needs. Here, we review the proposed new European Union (EU) pharmaceutical legislation in which two articles address drug repurposing. We find certain barriers hindering the adoption of these new incentives by academic and not-for-profit stakeholders, including lack of knowledge on regulatory aspects, pharmacovigilance, and restrictions in data protection.

Patient activation improves with a multi-component personalized mHealth intervention in older patients at risk of cardiovascular disease: a pilot randomized controlled trial.

Aims: This study aimed to determine the effect of a multi-component mHealth intervention on patient activation and examine its predictors among older adults at risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Methods And Results: This pilot randomized controlled trial compared two groups: Get FIT (control), who received healthy lifestyle counselling from a licensed health coach, a mHealth app (MyFitnessPal) with push alerts, and an activity tracker, and Get FIT + (intervention), who received the same interventions and had personalized text messages with 3- and 6-month follow-up periods. Patient activation was measured using the 13-item Patient Activation Measure; higher scores indicated better activation.

Online Marketing of Alternative Medicine for Heart Failure: An Assessment of Amazon.com.

Background: A wide array of products in the category of complementary or alternative medicine products for cardiovascular disease and prevention are readily available on online retail platforms. However, a critical assessment of these products including their therapeutic claims has not been previously performed.

Methods: "Heart failure supplement" and similar terms were entered into the Amazon.

Ca²⁺ signaling in myenteric interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC-MY) and their role as conditional pacemakers in the colon.

Interstitial cells of Cajal in the plane of the myenteric plexus (ICC-MY) serve as electrical pacemakers in the stomach and small intestine. A similar population of cells is found in the colon, but these cells do not appear to generate regular slow wave potentials, as characteristic in more proximal gut regions. Ca handling mechanisms in ICC-MY of the mouse proximal colon were studied using confocal imaging of muscles from animals expressing GCaMP6f exclusively in ICC.

Deciphering the core shunt mechanism in Arabidopsis cuticular wax biosynthesis and its role in plant environmental adaptation.

Plant cuticular waxes serve as highly responsive adaptations to variable environments. Aliphatic waxes consist of very-long-chain (VLC) compounds produced from 1-alcohol- or alkane-forming pathways. The existing variation in 1-alcohols and alkanes across Arabidopsis accessions revealed that 1-alcohol amounts are negatively correlated with aridity factors, whereas alkanes display the opposite behaviour.

Circadian biology of cardiac aging.

The age of the U.S. population is increasing alongside a growing burden of age-related cardiovascular disease.

A Comparison Between Combined Ultrasonic and Bipolar Shears to Other Energy-Based Devices in Otolaryngology: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Objective: The Thunderbeat (TB) is a new surgical device that combines ultrasonic and bipolar energy. The objective of this study is to examine how the combined ultrasonic and bipolar shears affect surgical outcomes when compared to other methods.

Data Sources And Review Methods: Using the PRISMA guidelines, the researchers used broad search terms in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science, which produced a total of 2823 initial results, with years ranging from 1955 to June 2024.

Integrating crowdsourced data in the built environment studies: A systematic review.

The integration of crowdsourced data has become central to contemporary built environment studies, driven by the rapid growth in digital technologies and participatory approaches that characterize modern urbanism. Despite its potential, a systematic framework for its analysis remains underdeveloped. This review, conducted in accordance with the PRISMA protocol, examines the use of crowdsourced data in shaping the built environment, scrutinizing its applications, crowdsourcing techniques, methodologies, and comparison with other big data forms.

Visceral Pain in Preterm Infants with Necrotizing Enterocolitis: Underlying Mechanisms and Implications for Treatment.

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a relatively rare but very severe gastrointestinal disease primarily affecting very preterm infants. NEC is characterized by excessive inflammation and ischemia in the intestines, and is associated with prolonged, severe visceral pain. Despite its recognition as a highly painful disease, current pain management for NEC is often inadequate, and research on optimal analgesic therapy for these patients is lacking.

Laser speckle contrast imaging with principal component and entropy analysis: a novel approach for depth-independent blood flow assessment.

Current study presents an advanced method for improving the visualization of subsurface blood vessels using laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI), enhanced through principal component analysis (PCA) filtering. By combining LSCI and laser speckle entropy imaging with PCA filtering, the method effectively separates static and dynamic components of the speckle signal, significantly improving the accuracy of blood flow assessments, even in the presence of static scattering layers located above and below the vessel. Experiments conducted on optical phantoms, with the vessel depths ranging from 0.

Impact on the Short-Term Hospital Outcomes From COVID Pandemic Among Older Adults With Sepsis.

This study evaluates clinical characteristics, hospitals outcomes, and mortality determinants in older sepsis patients before and during COVID-19. Retrospective of sepsis cases (aged 65+) from nine hospitals (2018-2020) using ICD codes. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze mortality predictors.