Impacts of birth season and production system on gastrointestinal parasitism and growth in Katahdin lambs.

Gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) infection adversely affects the performance and well-being of forage-based sheep throughout the world. The study objectives were to estimate longitudinal differences between birth seasons and production systems for lamb postweaning growth and indicators of GIN infection. Data were collected on Katahdin lambs within a single flock from 2006 to 2022.

OligoDistiller: A Platform Agnostic Software Tool for MS and MS Data Analysis of Complex Oligonucleotides and Their Impurities.

Oligonucleotides are currently one of the most rapidly advancing classes of therapeutic modalities. Understanding critical quality attributes, such as the impurity profile, stability, potential metabolites, and sequence conformity, is the key to their ultimate success. To obtain the information presented above, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) is often employed.

Genome-wide association mapping in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) for genetic dissection of drought tolerance using DArTseq markers.

Understanding the genetic basis of drought tolerance in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is essential for developing resilient varieties. In this study, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) using DArTseq markers to identify marker-trait associations (MTAs) linked to drought tolerance across 90 globally diverse safflower genotypes.

A dual-adaptive stochastic reinforcement chimp optimization algorithm for fire detection and multidimensional problem solving.

Chimp optimization algorithm (CHOA) is a recently developed nature-inspired technique that mimics the swarm intelligence of chimpanzee colonies. However, the original CHOA suffers from slow convergence and a tendency to reach local optima when dealing with multidimensional problems. To address these limitations, we propose TASR-CHOA, a twofold adaptive stochastic reinforced variant.

Salivary features of periodontitis and gingivitis in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with cellular abnormalities, tissue and organ dysfunctions, and periodontitis. This investigation examined the relationship between the oral microbiome and salivary biomarkers in T2DM patients with or without periodontitis. This cohort (35-80 years) included systemically healthy non-periodontitis (NP; n = 31), T2DM without periodontitis (DWoP; n = 32) and T2DM with periodontitis (DWP; n = 29).

Towards Robust Supervised Pectoral Muscle Segmentation in Mammography Images.

Mammography images are the most commonly used tool for breast cancer screening. The presence of pectoral muscle in images for the mediolateral oblique view makes designing a robust automated breast cancer detection system more challenging. Most of the current methods for removing the pectoral muscle are based on traditional machine learning approaches.

Multifocal Electroretinography Changes in Patients with Late-Stage Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD) After Smaller-Incision New-Generation Implantable Miniature Telescope (SING IMT): A Case Series.

The smaller-incision new-generation implantable miniature telescope (SING IMT) represents an advancement over the previous model, WA-IMT, serving as a unilateral prosthetic device for patients with late-stage age-related macular degeneration (AMD). This study aims to report changes in multifocal electroretinography (mfERG) 6 months post-SING IMT implantation. In this case series, we prospectively evaluated a cohort of phakic patients with late-stage AMD who underwent SING IMT implantation at the Ophthalmology Unit, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Italy.

Level of Agreement Between Plaque Detection with Clinical Assessment and Assessment on Intraoral Scanner.

The aim was to evaluate the agreement between plaque detection with an intraoral scanner system (IOS) and a conventional clinical method and to evaluate the inter-rater reliability for scoring 3D models with and without a disclosing agent. : A total of 14 participants were recruited from the Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens. Participants eligible for inclusion were adults with good general health and a minimum of 20 teeth.

Evaluation of the Effects of Thermal Aging on the Surface Roughness of Novel Tooth-Colored Restorative Materials.

The development of composite resins has led to novel materials aimed at improving restoration longevity. This study evaluates the surface roughness of four tooth-colored restorative materials after thermal aging. Eighty Class V preparations were restored with Admira Fusion, Beautifil II, Equia Forte HT, and Filtek.

Mobile Applications Designed for Sexual or Dating Violence Prevention Targeting Adolescents and Emerging Adults: A Scoping Review.

Adolescents and emerging adults are at highest risk for sexual violence. While technology-based interventions are emerging in the literature, little is known regarding mobile applications specifically for use with young people. The objective was to identify and map available mobile-based applications designed to reach adolescent or emerging adult users at risk of sexual or dating violence.

A Multilayer Network Model for Motor Competence from the View of the Science of Complexity.

Motor competence is related to a large number of correlates of different natures, forming together a system with flexible parts that are synergically and cooperatively connected to produce a wide range of motor outcomes that cannot be explained from a predetermined linear view or a unique mechanism. The diversity of interacting correlates, the various connections between them, and the fast changes between assessments at different time points are clear barriers to the study of motor competence. In this manuscript, we present a multilayer framework that accounts for the theoretical background and the potential mathematical procedures necessary to represent the non-linear, complex, and dynamic relationships between several underlying correlates that emerge as a motor competence network.

Advantages of the refined Developability Classification System (rDCS) in early discovery.

Rat pharmacokinetic studies are commonly utilized in early discovery to support absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion optimization of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). The aim of this work was to compare exposures from fit-for-purpose oral suspension and solution formulations in rats to guidance provided by the refined Developability Classification System (rDCS) with respect to identifying potential limits to oral absorption, formulation strategy selection, and to optimize oral bioavailability (BA). This investigation utilized six diverse APIs covering a large range of biorelevant solubility, metabolic stability, and oral BA in rats.

Spotlight on YAP: Unlocking New Insights to Overcome the Barriers to Heart Regeneration.

This editorial refers to “Microtubules Sequester Acetylated YAP in the Cytoplasm and Inhibit Heart Regeneration” by Liu . and “YAP Overcomes Mechanical Barriers to Induce Mitotic Rounding and Adult Cardiomyocyte Division” by Morikawa

Prevailing theories describing sports-related concussion symptom reporting intent and behavior among adolescent athletes: a scoping review.

Diagnosis of sports-related concussion (SRC) primarily relies on an athlete's self-report of injury and associated symptoms. Social pressures and attitudes surrounding SRC influence athlete reporting behavior. Unfortunately, underreporting of SRC symptoms is an issue among adolescent athletes.

High peripheral T cell diversity is associated with lower risk of toxicity and superior response to dual immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy in patients with metastatic NSCLC.

Introduction: Despite significant successes, immune checkpoint blockade fails to achieve clinical responses in a significant proportion of patients, predictive markers for responses are imperfect and immune-related adverse events (irAEs) are unpredictable. We used T-cell receptor (TCR) sequencing to systematically analyze prospectively collected patient blood samples from a randomized clinical trial of dual immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy to evaluate changes in the T-cell repertoire and their association with response and irAEs.

Methods: Patients with immunotherapy-naïve metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were treated with ipilimumab and nivolumab according to trial protocol (LONESTAR, NCT03391869).

Development and validation of artificial intelligence models for early detection of postoperative infections (PERISCOPE): a multicentre study using electronic health record data.

Background: Postoperative infections significantly impact patient outcomes and costs, exacerbated by late diagnoses, yet early reliable predictors are scarce. Existing artificial intelligence (AI) models for postoperative infection prediction often lack external validation or perform poorly in local settings when validated. We aimed to develop locally valid models as part of the PERISCOPE AI system to enable early detection, safer discharge, and more timely treatment of patients.

Parental Perceptions of Developmental Care Rounds in a Pediatric Heart Center.

Infants requiring surgery for congenital heart disease (CHD) are at an increased risk of neurodevelopmental delay. Developmental Care Rounds (DCR) have been implemented widely to support the neurodevelopment of children with CHD while admitted to the hospital. This study aims to describe caregiver perceptions of DCR at a quaternary academic children's heart center.

The onset presentation of multiple sclerosis differs in Hispanic/Latinx Americans compared with non-Hispanic White Americans.

Background: Little is known about how multiple sclerosis (MS) presents in Hispanic/Latinx (HL) people with MS (pwMS).

Objective: Compare age at onset (AAO) and onset severity between HL versus non-Hispanic White (NHW) pwMS.

Methods: A cross-sectional study leveraged the MS PATHS registry spanning seven US tertiary care institutions.

Advancing working memory research through cortico-cortical transcranial magnetic stimulation.

The neural underpinnings of working memory (WM) have been of continuous scientific interest for decades. As the understanding of WM progresses and new theories, such as the distributed view of WM, develop, the need to advance the methods used to study WM also arises. This perspective discusses how building from the state-of-the-art in the field of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), and utilising cortico-cortical TMS, may pave the way for testing some of the predictions proposed by the distributed WM view.

Evaluation of BCRP-Related DDIs Between Methotrexate and Cyclosporin A Using Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modelling.

Background And Objective: This study provides a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model-based analysis of the potential drug-drug interaction (DDI) between cyclosporin A (CsA), a breast cancer resistance protein transporter (BCRP) inhibitor, and methotrexate (MTX), a putative BCRP substrate.

Methods: PBPK models for CsA and MTX were built using open-source tools and published data for both model building and for model verification and validation. The MTX and CsA PBPK models were evaluated for their application in simulating BCRP-related DDIs.

Systematic assessment of COVID-19 host genetics using whole genome sequencing data.

Courses of SARS-CoV-2 infections are highly variable, ranging from asymptomatic to lethal COVID-19. Though research has shown that host genetic factors contribute to this variability, cohort-based joint analyses of variants from the entire allelic spectrum in individuals with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections are still lacking. Here, we present the results of whole genome sequencing in 1,220 mainly vaccine-naïve individuals with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, including 827 hospitalized COVID-19 cases.

Adapting physics-informed neural networks to improve ODE optimization in mosquito population dynamics.

Physics informed neural networks have been gaining popularity due to their unique ability to incorporate physics laws into data-driven models, ensuring that the predictions are not only consistent with empirical data but also align with domain-specific knowledge in the form of physics equations. The integration of physics principles enables the method to require less data while maintaining the robustness of deep learning in modelling complex dynamical systems. However, current PINN frameworks are not sufficiently mature for real-world ODE systems, especially those with extreme multi-scale behavior such as mosquito population dynamical modelling.

Report of the Italian Cohort with Activated Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase δ Syndrome in the Target Therapy Era.

Background: Activated Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase (PI3K) δ Syndrome (APDS), an inborn error of immunity due to upregulation of the PI3K pathway, leads to recurrent infections and immune dysregulation (lymphoproliferation and autoimmunity).

Methods: Clinical and genetic data of 28 APDS patients from 25 unrelated families were collected from fifteen Italian centers.

Results: Patients were genetically confirmed with APDS-1 (n = 20) or APDS-2 (n = 8), with pathogenic mutations in the PIK3CD or PIK3R1 genes.