Guided bone regeneration in implant dentistry: Basic principle, progress over 35 years, and recent research activities.

Bone augmentation procedures are frequent today in implant patients, since an implant should be circumferentially anchored in bone at completion of bone healing to have a good long-term stability. The best documented surgical technique to achieve this goal is guided bone regeneration (GBR) utilizing barrier membranes in combination with bone fillers. This clinical review paper reflects 35 years of development and progress with GBR.

Modulation of gene expression and bone formation by expanded and dense polytetrafluoroethylene membranes during guided bone regeneration: An experimental study.

Background: Nonresorbable membranes promote bone formation during guided bone regeneration (GBR), yet the relationships between membrane properties and molecular changes in the surrounding tissue are largely unknown.

Aim: To compare the molecular events in the overlying soft tissue, the membrane, and the underlying bone defect during GBR using dual-layered expanded membranes versus dense polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membranes.

Materials And Methods: Rat femur defects were treated with either dense PTFE (d-PTFE) or dual-layered expanded PTFE (dual e-PTFE) or left untreated as a sham.

Does saliva contamination interfere or stimulate regenerative processes applying current biomaterials on oral surgical sites?

Innovative dental biomaterials have been developed in order to stimulate higher biocompatibility and faster healing times using responsive surfaces for regenerative procedures. However, saliva is one of the fluids to interact with these biomaterials in the first instance. Studies have revealed significant negative effects on the biomaterials' properties, biocompatibility and bacterial colonisation after saliva contact.

Parent Questionnaires in the Evaluation of Pre-School Children Referred for Neuropsychiatric Assessment.

One-hundred twenty-four pre-school children referred for assessment to a neuropsychiatric team were included in this study of the Autism Behavior Checklist (ABC), ESSENCE-Q, and Conners Abbreviated Parent-Teacher Rating Scale (CAPRS). All three questionnaires showed a good correlation towards severity of symptoms in ASD. The ABC questionnaire was, as has been shown in earlier research less accurate in identifying individuals with ASD having an IQ within the normal range.

Early plaque formation on PTFE membranes with expanded or dense surface structures applied in the oral cavity of human volunteers.

Objectives: This clinical randomized study aimed to evaluate the early plaque formation on nonresorbable polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membranes having either a dense (d-PTFE) or an expanded (e-PTFE) microstructure and exposed to the oral cavity.

Material And Methods: Twelve individuals were enrolled in this study. In a split-mouth design, five test membranes (e-PTFE) with a dual-layer configuration and five control membranes (d-PTFE) were bonded on the buccal surfaces of posterior teeth of each subject.

Contrasting Associations of Body Mass Index and Hemoglobin A1c on the Excess Risk of Acute Myocardial Infarction and Heart Failure in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Background Body mass index (BMI) may be a stronger risk factor for heart failure than for coronary heart disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus, but prior studies have not been powered to investigate the relative and absolute risks for acute myocardial infarction and heart failure in type 2 diabetes mellitus by BMI and glycemic level combined as compared with age- and sex-matched general population comparators. Methods and Results We identified 181 045 patients from The Swedish National Diabetes Registry, registered during 1998 to 2012 and 1538 434 general population comparators without diabetes mellitus, matched for age, sex, and county, all without prior major cardiovascular disease. Cases and comparators were followed with respect to the outcomes through linkage to the Swedish Inpatient Registry.

BMI, Mortality, and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Type 1 Diabetes: Findings Against an Obesity Paradox.

Objective: Low weight has been associated with increased mortality risks in type 1 diabetes. We aimed to investigate the importance of weight and weight gain/loss in the Swedish population diagnosed with type 1 diabetes.

Research Design And Methods: Patients with type 1 diabetes ( = 26,125; mean age 33.

Barrier membranes: More than the barrier effect?

Aim: To review the knowledge on the mechanisms controlling membrane-host interactions in guided bone regeneration (GBR) and investigate the possible role of GBR membranes as bioactive compartments in addition to their established role as barriers.

Materials And Methods: A narrative review was utilized based on in vitro, in vivo and available clinical studies on the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying GBR and the possible bioactive role of membranes.

Results: Emerging data demonstrate that the membrane contributes bioactively to the regeneration of underlying defects.

BMI and Mortality in Patients With New-Onset Type 2 Diabetes: A Comparison With Age- and Sex-Matched Control Subjects From the General Population.

Objective: Type 2 diabetes is strongly associated with obesity, but the mortality risk related to elevated body weight in people with type 2 diabetes compared with people without diabetes has not been established.

Research Design And Methods: We prospectively assessed short- and long-term mortality in people with type 2 diabetes with a recorded diabetes duration ≤5 years identified from the Swedish National Diabetes Register (NDR) between 1998 and 2012 and five age- and sex-matched control subjects per study participant from the general population.

Results: Over a median follow-up of 5.

Guided bone regeneration: materials and biological mechanisms revisited.

Guided bone regeneration (GBR) is commonly used in combination with the installment of titanium implants. The application of a membrane to exclude non-osteogenic tissues from interfering with bone regeneration is a key principle of GBR. Membrane materials possess a number of properties which are amenable to modification.

Tissue dynamics and regenerative outcome in two resorbable non-cross-linked collagen membranes for guided bone regeneration: A preclinical molecular and histological study in vivo.

Objectives: To investigate the molecular and structural patterns of bone healing during guided bone regeneration (GBR), comparing two resorbable non-cross-linked collagen membranes.

Materials And Methods: Trabecular bone defects in rat femurs were filled with deproteinized bovine bone (DBB) and covered with either a membrane comprising collagen and elastin (CXP) or collagen (BG). Samples were harvested after 3 and 21 days for histology/histomorphometry and gene expression analysis.

The early chain of care and risk of death in acute stroke in relation to the priority given at the dispatch centre: A multicentre observational study.

Background: The early chain of care is critical for stroke patients. The most important part is the so-called 'system delay' i.e.

Assessment of Distress and Quality of Life: A Comparison of Self-Assessments by Outpatients with a Schizopsychotic Illness and the Clinical Judgment of Nurses.

The aim of this study was to investigate how self-assessments of perceived distress and quality of life in patients with schizopsychotic illness are associated with nurse assessments of symptoms, function and life situation. Data were obtained through interviews that used evidence-based rating and visual analogue self-rating scales. Descriptive statistics, correlation and regression analyses were used to process the data.

Comparison of the university hospital and county hospitals in western Sweden to identify potential weak links in the early chain of care for acute stroke: results of an observational study.

Objective: To identify weak links in the early chain of care for acute stroke.

Setting: 9 emergency hospitals in western Sweden, each with a stroke unit, and the emergency medical services (EMS).

Participants: All patients hospitalised with a first and a final diagnosis of stroke-between 15 December 2010 and 15 April 2011.

Decreased eGFR as a Risk Factor for Heart Failure in 13 781 Individuals With Type 1 Diabetes.

Background: Impaired renal function is a well-known risk factor of cardiovascular disease, but its relation to heart failure in individuals with type 1 diabetes has been sparsely studied. The aim of our study was to quantify the risk increase for development of heart failure with decreasing kidney function in individuals with type 1 diabetes.

Methods: Three equations were used to calculate eGFR (estimated glomerular filtration rate) for individuals with T1D and no known heart failure in the Swedish National Diabetes Registry.

Treatment of Popliteal Aneurysm by Open and Endovascular Surgery: A Contemporary Study of 592 Procedures in Sweden.

Background: Popliteal aneurysm (PA) is traditionally treated by open repair (OR). Endovascular repair (ER) has become more common. The aim was to describe time trends and compare results (OR/ER).

Devising a competency-based continuing professional development programme to meet the needs of on-call consultant paediatricians.

Aim: To define the clinical competencies currently required by on-call consultant paediatricians in Sweden and to describe how these competencies can be acquired by using an outcome-based continuing professional development (CPD) programme.

Methods: The overall aims and objectives of the programme were formulated to meet the current responsibilities of an on-call consultant. It was delineated during a precourse needs assessment of 26 consultants, before being implemented with 16 participants, using a variety of learning, assessment and evaluation methods.

Loneliness despite the presence of others - adolescents' experiences of having a parent who becomes ill with cancer.

Aim: The aim of this study was to describe young adults' own perspectives on the experience of having a parent who developed cancer when the young adult was an adolescent.

Method: Narrative interviews were conducted with six young adults aged between 20 and 26. The interviews were analysed using qualitative content analysis.

Fear-avoidance beliefs and cardiac rehabilitation in patients with first-time myocardial infarction.

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine fear-avoidance beliefs in patients after first-time myocardial infarction and to determine how such beliefs change over time. A further aim was to analyse fear-avoidance beliefs and physical activity levels in patients attending exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation led by a registered physiotherapist, compared with a control group.

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Nurses' experiences of participation in a research and development programme.

Aims And Objectives: To describe clinical nurses' experience of participating in a Research and Development (R&D) programme and its influence on their research interest and ability to conduct and apply nursing research.

Background: To stimulate nurses' research interest and to overcome barriers for building research capacity in nursing, there is a need for sustainable research programmes. A two-year programme was designed for nurses, to take part in both an academic education for master and research seminars and workshops to conduct a research project from idea to publication.

The impact of concordant communication in outpatient care planning - nurses' perspective.

Aim: To elucidate registered nurses' experiences of coordinated care planning in outpatient care.

Background: Coordinated care planning has been studied from the perspectives of both patients and nurses in inpatient care, but it is deficient in outpatient care.

Method: Qualitative content analysis of interviews with 10 registered nurses participating in two focus groups.

Group supervision as a means of developing professional competence within pre-hospital care.

Background: Ambulance care has its foundations in experience-based knowledge relating to the care provider's flexibility and humility in the encounter with patients. The group supervision model used in this study is retrospective and experience orientated and it is designed to promote and develop the group's overall competence by facilitating the group process, as well as extending and improving levels of professional knowledge.

Aim: The aim was to evaluate the experience of group supervision and to explore its impact on the participants' personal and professional development.

Pre-operative factors predicting good outcome in terms of health-related quality of life after ACL reconstruction.

The life situation of many patients changes after an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture and subsequent reconstruction, and this may affect their health-related quality of life in many ways. It is well known that the overall clinical results after ACL reconstruction are considered good, but pre-operative predictive factors for a good post-operative clinical outcome after ACL reconstruction have not been studied in as much detail. The purpose of this study was to identify pre-operative factors that predict a good post-operative outcome as measured by the Short Form 36 (SF-36) and Knee Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) 3-6 years after ACL reconstruction.

Health-related quality of life after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.

Purpose: Recently the patients' own evaluation has become an important complement to post-operative clinical assessments. For many patients, there is a change in life situation after an anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACL), which may affect the health-related quality of life in many ways. The aims of the study were to evaluate the results in terms of health-related quality of life 2-7 years after an ACL reconstruction and to compare the results with a gender- and age-matched control group.

A comparison of the clinical outcome after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using a hamstring tendon autograft with special emphasis on the timing of the reconstruction.

Purpose: The aim of the study was to compare the results 2 years after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction using a hamstring tendon (HT) autograft in patients operated within 5 months after the injury (Group A) and patients operated more than 24 months after the injury (Group B).

Methods: Sixty-one patients (27 women, 34 men), with a unilateral ACL rupture, underwent reconstructive surgery using semitendinosus (ST) or semitendinosus and gracilis (ST/G) autografts. Thirty patients (Group A) were operated on within 5 months median 3 (2-5) after the injury, and 31 patients (Group B) were operated on more than 24 months median 30 (24-48) after the injury.