Epidemiology of hydrocele and spermatocele; incidence, treatment and complications.

To estimate the incidence of men seeking specialized care and receiving treatment for hydro or spermatocele complaints. Also, to determine the risk of complications of treatment. The total number of men living in Sweden each year from 2005 to 2014 was used to calculate incidence and age distribution of adult (≥18 years) men seeking specialized healthcare with either hydro or spermatocele.

Glucose Variables in Type 1 Diabetes Studies With Dapagliflozin: Pooled Analysis of Continuous Glucose Monitoring Data From DEPICT-1 and -2.

Objective: This pooled analysis assessed continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in patients with inadequately controlled type 1 diabetes (HbA ≥7.7 to ≤11.0% [≥61 to ≤97 mmol/mol]) who received dapagliflozin as an adjunct to adjustable insulin.

From uncertainty to gradually managing and awaiting recovery of a periodic condition- a qualitative study of parents´ experiences of PFAPA syndrome.

Background: The prevalence of periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis and cervical adenitis (PFAPA) syndrome is unknown. Although an uncommon condition, it is considered to be the most common autoinflammatory disease among children in many parts of the world. The knowledge of the consequences of the recurrent fever episodes for the child and its family are limited.

Preserved physical fitness is associated with lower 1-year mortality in frail elderly patients with a severe comorbidity burden.

Introduction: Physical deterioration in connection with a care episode is common. The aim of this study was, in frail elderly patients with a severe comorbidity burden, to analyze 1) the association between physical fitness measurements and 1-year mortality and 2) the association between preserved physical fitness during the first three months after discharge from emergency hospital care and 1-year prognosis.

Methods: Frail elderly patients (≥75 years) in need of inpatient emergency medical care were included.

Midwives' counselling of women at specialised fear of childbirth clinics: A qualitative study.

Objective: Fear of childbirth is a well-known problem affecting women's wellbeing and health. The prevalence of intense fear varies across countries from 4.8 to 14.

Flipped healthcare for better or worse.

The medical profession is highly specialized, demanding continuous learning, while also undergoing rapid development in the rise of data-driven healthcare. Based on clinical scenarios, this study explores how resident physicians view their roles and practices in relation to informed patients and patient-centric digital technologies. The paper illustrates how the new role of patients alters physicians' work and use of data to learn and update their professional practice.

Fifteen-minute consultation: Recognising primary immune deficiencies in children.

Children with primary immunodeficiency syndromes present with broad variation of clinical features and the consequences are often severe if not promptly recognised. Here, support is provided for the general paediatrician to recognise primary immunodeficiencies among the many children they meet in their clinical practice.

No correlation between femoral tunnel orientation and clinical outcome at long-term follow-up after non-anatomic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.

Purpose: This study aimed to determine the influence of femoral tunnel orientation on long-term clinical outcome and osteoarthritis in patients undergoing ACL reconstruction and to test the reliability of the implemented radiographic measurement methods. It was hypothesized that a more horizontal femoral tunnel would correlate with superior clinical outcome.

Methods: A cohort of 193 patients who underwent non-anatomic ACL reconstruction was examined.

Periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis, and cervical adenitis syndrome - PFAPA syndrome.

Periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis, and cervical adenitis (PFAPA) syndrome is a complex autoinflammatory disease with a clinical phenotype characterised by recurrent episodes of fever, systemic inflammation and symptoms and signs depicted in disease acronym. Although PFAPA is the most common autoinflammatory disease among children in many parts of the world, the condition is still an enigma, which include the regular episodes, the prompt responses to corticosteroids, the genetic bases for the familial clustering and therapeutic effects of tonsillectomy. This review explores PFAPA syndrome with the aim of describing the current clinical and scientific understanding of the condition.

Combining learning for educators and participants in a paediatric CPD programme.

Background: Most continuing professional development (CPD) programmes do not include an educational training module. In our country, educational practice in the areas of CPD and continuing medical education relies traditionally on conventional lectures. This is in sharp contrast to the educational research that clearly demonstrates that educational programmes emphasising adult learning methods have greater potential to change physicians' clinical practice.

How do midwives facilitate women to give birth during physiological second stage of labour? A protocol for a systematic review.

Background: Midwives' practices during the second stage of labour vary nationally and internationally. We aim to retrieve evidence that supports high-quality intrapartum care by conducting a systematic review of the literature.

Methods: Electronic bibliographic databases including PubMed, EMBASE.

Predictors and correlates of systolic blood pressure reduction with liraglutide treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Liraglutide is associated with blood pressure reduction in patients with type 2 diabetes. However, it is not known whether this blood pressure reduction can be predicted prior to treatment initiation, and to what extent it correlates with weight loss and with improved glycemic control during follow-up. We analyzed data from a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, in which 124 insulin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes were randomized to liraglutide or placebo.

Overestimated function in patients with schizophrenia: A possible risk factor for inadequate support?

People with schizophrenia often demonstrate an impaired ability to assess and report aspects of their everyday functioning, and the aim of this study is to investigate how patients' self-rating ability regarding functional performance relates to neurocognitive performance and real-world functional performance. A total of 222 outpatients with a schizophrenia spectrum disorder participated in this study. They were divided into groups based on their self-rating ability (determined using self-rating questions) and their observed functional capacity (the UCSD Performance-Based Skills Assessment-Brief, UPSA-B).

Inflammatory functional iron deficiency common in myelofibrosis, contributes to anaemia and impairs quality of life. From the Nordic MPN study Group.

Objectives: The study investigates the hypothesis that inflammation in myelofibrosis (MF) like in myeloma and lymphoma, may disturb iron distribution and contribute to anaemia.

Methods: A cross-sectional study of 80 MF and 23 ET patients was performed.

Results: About 35% of anaemic MF patients had functional iron deficiency (FID) with transferrin saturation <20 and normal or elevated S-ferritin (<500 µg/L).

Levels of type 1 diabetes care in children and adolescents for countries at varying resource levels.

Optimal care for children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes is well described in guidelines, such as those of the International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes. High-income countries can usually provide this, but the cost of this care is generally prohibitive for lower-income countries. Indeed, in most of these countries, very little care is provided by government health systems, resulting in high mortality, and high complications rates in those who do survive.

Invention Versus Gold Standard: A Hands-On Research Pearl on Study Design and Statistical Concerns.

This article points out what is important to consider when planning to perform and analyze a commonly seen study involving a comparison of an innovation with something established. A hands-on guide on how to perform this type of research trial and how to choose proper statistical methods is given.

Correction to: More tendon degeneration in patients with shoulder osteoarthritis.

Unfortunately, the given name and the family name of the authors were incorrectly identified in the original article. The author names are corrected here by this correction paper. The original article has been corrected.

High-dose versus low-dose of oxytocin for labour augmentation: a randomised controlled trial.

Problem: Delayed labour progress is common in nulliparous women, often leading to caesarean section despite augmentation of labour with synthetic oxytocin.

Background: High- or low-dose oxytocin can be used for augmentation of delayed labour, but evidence for promoting high-dose is weak. Aim To ascertain the effect on caesarean section rate of high-dose versus low-dose oxytocin for augmentation of delayed labour in nulliparous women.

Preoperative and Intraoperative Predictors of Long-Term Acceptable Knee Function and Osteoarthritis After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: An Analysis Based on 2 Randomized Controlled Trials.

Purpose: To determine preoperative predictors of long-term acceptable knee function and the development of osteoarthritis (OA) in long-term follow-up after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction.

Methods: This study is a long-term follow-up of 2 previous randomized controlled trials that included 193 patients who underwent unilateral ACL reconstruction with ipsilateral hamstring tendon or patellar tendon autografts. Patients who suffered multiligament injuries, major meniscal injuries, chondral lesions requiring surgical treatment, or had a previous ACL reconstruction were excluded.

Tinnitus and taste disturbances reported after myringoplasty: Data from a national quality registry.

Objectives/hypothesis: Postoperative tinnitus and taste disturbances after myringoplasty are more common than previously reported.

Study Design: This study was a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data from the Swedish National Quality Registry for Myringoplasty.

Methods: The analysis was performed on extracted data from all counties in Sweden collected from database A from 2002 to 2012 and database B from 2013 to 2016.

More tendon degeneration in patients with shoulder osteoarthritis.

Purpose: Tendon disorders are a major problem in the general population. It is known that rotator cuff tendinopathy contributes to osteoarthritis (OA) of the shoulder. The aim of the study was to analyse the presence of tendinopathy in patients with shoulder OA and an intact rotator cuff, using a multimodal approach.

Excess risk of hospitalisation for heart failure among people with type 2 diabetes.

Aims/hypothesis: Type 2 diabetes is an established risk factor for heart failure, but age-specific data are sparse. We aimed to determine excess risk of heart failure, based on age, glycaemic control and kidney function in comparison with age- and sex-matched control individuals from the general population.

Methods: Individuals with type 2 diabetes registered in the Swedish National Diabetes Registry 1998-2012 (n = 266,305) were compared with age-, sex- and county-matched control individuals without diabetes (n = 1,323,504), and followed over a median of 5.