Physical function endpoints in cancer cachexia clinical trials: Systematic Review 1 of the cachexia endpoints series.

In cancer cachexia trials, measures of physical function are commonly used as endpoints. For drug trials to obtain regulatory approval, efficacy in physical function endpoints may be needed alongside other measures. However, it is not clear which physical function endpoints should be used.

β-(1 → 3)(1 → 6)glucan from Schizophyllum commune 227E.32: High yield production via glucose/xylose co-metabolization.

A co-metabolization of xylose and glucose by Schizophyllum commune 227E.32 wild mushroom for exopolysaccharide (EPS) production is presented. Cultivations performed with S.

Oxidation Kinetics of Nanocrystalline Hexagonal RMnTiO (R = Ho, Dy).

Hexagonal manganites, RMnO (R = Sc, Y, Ho-Lu), are potential oxygen storage materials for air separation due to their reversible oxygen storage and release properties. Their outstanding ability to absorb and release oxygen at relatively low temperatures of 250-400 °C holds promise of saving energy compared to current industrial methods. Unfortunately, the low temperature of operation also implies slow kinetics of oxygen exchange in these materials, which would make them inefficient in applications such as chemical looping air separation.

The potential of anthocyanin-loaded alginate hydrogel beads for intelligent packaging applications: Stability and sensitivity to volatile amines.

pH indicators have emerged as promising tools for real-time monitoring of product freshness and quality in intelligent food packaging applications. However, ensuring the stability of these indicators is critical for practical use. This study aims to evaluate the stability of anthocyanins-loaded alginate hydrogel beads of varying sizes at different temperatures under accelerated light conditions and relative humidity (RH) levels of 53% and 97% during 21 days of storage.

Phenotype of new daily persistent headache: subtypes and comparison to transformed chronic daily headache.

Background: It is unknown whether new daily persistent headache (NDPH) is a single disorder or heterogenous group of disorders, and whether it is a unique disorder from chronic migraine and chronic tension-type headache. We describe a large group of patients with primary NDPH, compare its phenotype to transformed chronic daily headache (T-CDH), and use cluster analysis to reveal potential sub-phenotypes in the NDPH group.

Methods: We performed a case-control study using prospectively collected clinical data in patients with primary NDPH and T-CDH (encompassing chronic migraine and chronic tension-type headache).

The impact of pre-processing and disease characteristics on reproducibility of T2-weighted MRI radiomics features.

Purpose: To evaluate the reproducibility of radiomics features derived via different pre-processing settings from paired T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) prostate lesions acquired within a short interval, to select the setting that yields the highest number of reproducible features, and to evaluate the impact of disease characteristics (i.e., clinical variables) on features reproducibility.

Relative importance of inflammation and cardiorespiratory fitness for all-cause mortality risk in persons with rheumatoid arthritis: the population-based Trøndelag Health Study.

Objective: Inflammation and reduced cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) are associated with increased mortality rates in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We aimed at directly comparing the relative importance of inflammation and reduced CRF as mediators of all-cause mortality in persons with RA compared with controls, quantifying direct and indirect (mediated) effects.

Methods: Persons with (n=223, cases) and without (n=31 684, controls) RA from the third survey of the Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT3, 2006-2008) were included.

The Potential of Soluble Gas Stabilization (SGS) Technology in a Simulated Post-Frying Cooling Step of Commercial Fish Cakes.

Soluble gas stabilization (SGS) technology is a novel way to increase the effectiveness of modified atmosphere (MA) packaging. However, SGS can be time-consuming and difficult to include in an existing process. This can be overcome by including CO in an existing processing step, such as the product's cooling step.

Algal Carotenoids: Chemistry, Sources, and Application.

Recently, the isolation and identification of various biologically active secondary metabolites from algae have been of scientific interest, with particular attention paid to carotenoids, widely distributed in various photosynthetic organisms, including algal species. Carotenoids are among the most important natural pigments, with many health-promoting effects. Since the number of scientific studies on the presence and profile of carotenoids in algae has increased exponentially along with the interest in their potential commercial applications, this review aimed to provide an overview of the current knowledge (from 2015) on carotenoids detected in different algal species (12 microalgae, 21 green algae, 26 brown algae, and 43 red algae) to facilitate the comparison of the results of different studies.

Exploring bacterial community composition and immune gene expression of European eel larvae (Anguilla anguilla) in relation to first-feeding diets.

European eel (Anguilla anguilla) is a commercially important species for fisheries and aquaculture in Europe and the attempt to close the lifecycle in captivity is still at pioneering stage. The first feeding stage of this species is characterized by a critical period between 20 to 24 days post hatch (dph), which is associated with mortalities, indicating the point of no return. We hypothesized that this critical period might also be associated with larvae-bacterial interactions and the larval immune status.

A balancing act-midwives' and public health nurses' experiences with breastfeeding counselling.

Aims And Objectives: To explore midwives' and public-health nurses' experiences of breastfeeding counselling in order to provide a deeper insight into breastfeeding counselling.

Methodological Design And Justification: A qualitative design was used, and qualitative content analysis was conducted to analyse the data in accordance with the phenomenological hermeneutic tradition.

Ethical Issues And Approval: The Norwegian Centre for Research Data approved this study.

Electronic Structure and Surface Chemistry of Hexagonal Boron Nitride on HOPG and Nickel Substrates.

The effect of point defects and interactions with the substrate are shown by density functional theory calculations to be of significant importance for the structure and functional properties of hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) films on highly ordered pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) and Ni(111) substrates. The structure, surface chemistry, and electronic properties are calculated for h-BN systems with selected intrinsic, oxygen, and carbon defects and with graphene hybrid structures. The electronic structure of a pristine monolayer of h-BN is dependent on the type of substrate, as h-BN is decoupled electronically from the HOPG surface and acts as bulk-like h-BN, whereas on a Ni(111) substrate, metallic-like behavior is predicted.

Lipid Levels During Adult Lifetime in Men and Women With and Without a Subsequent Incident Myocardial Infarction: A Longitudinal Analysis of Data From the Tromsø Study 1974 to 2016.

Background The atherosclerotic effect of an adverse lipid profile is assumed to accumulate throughout life, leading to increased risk of myocardial infarction (MI). Still, little is known about age at onset and duration of unfavorable lipid levels before MI. Methods and Results Longitudinal data on serum lipid levels for 26 130 individuals (50.

Physical Activity Behavior and Its Association With Global Cognitive Function Three Months After Stroke: The Nor-COAST Study†.

Objective: The purposes of this study were to determine the association between physical activity (PA) behavior and global cognitive function 3 months after stroke and to explore the role of physical capacity as a mediating factor.

Methods: Participants with stroke were successively recruited at 5 different hospitals in Norway. PA was measured using accelerometers, with a follow-up period of 7 consecutive days, and global cognitive function was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA).

Discontinuation rate of sulfasalazine, leflunomide and methotrexate due to adverse events in a real-life setting (NOR-DMARD).

Objectives: MTX, LEF and SSZ are conventional synthetic DMARDs (csDMARDs) with a well-established role in the treatment of RA. We aimed to estimate and compare the relative risks for adverse events (AEs) and the discontinuation of these drugs owing to AEs.

Methods: We included all 3339 patients from the NOR-DMARD study treated with MTX, LEF or SSZ in monotherapy.

Visualization of Small Intact Proteins in Breast Cancer FFPE Tissue.

Molecular visualization of metabolites, lipids, and proteins by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI MSI) is becoming an in-demand analytical approach to aid the histopathological analysis of breast cancer. Particularly, proteins seem to play a role in cancer progression, and specific proteins are currently used in the clinic for staging. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues are ideal for correlating the molecular markers with clinical outcomes due to their long-term storage.

Sample Preparation for Metabolite Detection in Mass Spectrometry Imaging.

Metabolites reflect the biological state of cells and tissue, and metabolomics is therefore a field of high interest both to understand normal physiological functions and disease development. When studying heterogeneous tissue samples, mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) is a valuable tool as it conserves the spatial distribution of analytes on tissue sections. A large proportion of metabolites are, however, small and polar, making them vulnerable to delocalizing through diffusion during sample preparation.

Alginate microbeads incorporated with anthocyanins from purple corn (Zea mays L.) using electrostatic extrusion: Microencapsulation optimization, characterization, and stability studies.

Microencapsulation of purple corn anthocyanins was carried out via an electrostatic extruder using alginate as a wall material. The influence of alginate concentration (1-2 %), extract concentration (20-30 %), and extrusion voltage (3-5 kV) on encapsulation efficiency and mean particle size was evaluated using response surface methodology. Optimal conditions were obtained to produce two different extract-loaded microbeads.

Retinal structure and visual pathway function at school age in children born extremely preterm: a population-based study.

Background: Children born extremely preterm (gestational age < 28 weeks) show reduced visual function even without any cerebral or ophthalmological neonatal diagnosis. In this study, we aimed to assess the retinal structure with optical coherence tomography (OCT) and visual function with pattern-reversal visual evoked potentials (PR-VEPs) in a geographically defined population-based cohort of school-aged children born extremely preterm. Moreover, we aimed to explore the association between measures of retinal structure and visual pathway function in this cohort.

Dissociating distinct cortical networks associated with subregions of the human medial temporal lobe using precision neuroimaging.

Tract-tracing studies in primates indicate that different subregions of the medial temporal lobe (MTL) are connected with multiple brain regions. However, no clear framework defining the distributed anatomy associated with the human MTL exists. This gap in knowledge originates in notoriously low MRI data quality in the anterior human MTL and in group-level blurring of idiosyncratic anatomy between adjacent brain regions, such as entorhinal and perirhinal cortices, and parahippocampal areas TH/TF.

Practice patterns in diagnostics, staging, and management strategies of gallbladder cancer among Nordic tertiary centers.

Background And Objective: Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is a rare malignancy in the Nordic countries and no common Nordic treatment guidelines exist. This study aimed to characterize the current diagnostic and treatment strategies in the Nordic countries and disclose differences in these strategies.

Methods: This was a survey study with a cross-sectional questionnaire of all 19 university hospitals providing curative-intent surgery for GBC in Sweden, Norway, Denmark, and Finland.

Can home care work be organized to promote health among the workers while maintaining productivity? An investigation into stakeholders' perspectives on organizational work redesign concepts based on the Goldilocks Work principles.

Background: Due to the aging population, the need for home care services is increasing in most Western countries, including Norway. However, the highly physical nature of this job could contribute to make recruiting and retaining qualified home care workers (HCWs) challenging. This issue may be overcome by adopting the Goldilocks Work principles, aiming at promoting workers' physical health by determining a "just right" balance between work demands and recovery periods while maintaining productivity.

Automatic tractography and segmentation using finsler geometry based on higher-order tensor fields.

Background And Objective: We focus on three-dimensional higher-order tensorial (HOT) images using Finsler geometry. In biomedical image analysis, these images are widely used, and they are based on the diffusion profiles inside the voxels. The diffusion information is stored in the so-called diffusion tensor D.

Fecal Fungal Microbiota (Mycobiome) Study as a Potential Tool for Precision Medicine in Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

There is growing evidence of the role of fungal microbiota in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Fungi can exert direct pro-inflammatory effects or modify the bacterial composition via interkingdom interactions. Although several studies have demonstrated alterations in the fecal fungal microbiota composition in IBD, there is a wide variation in the mycobiome in different populations, with no definite pattern that can define the mycobiome in IBD having yet been identified.