Pre-hospital guidelines for CPR-Induced Consciousness (CPRIC): A scoping review.

Background: CPR-Induced Consciousness is an emerging phenomenon with a paucity of consensus guidelines from peak resuscitative bodies. Local prehospital services have had to implement their own CPR-Induced Consciousness guidelines. This scoping review aims to identify prehospital CPR-Induced Consciousness guidelines and compare or contrast their management options.

Material Stock and Embodied Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Global and Urban Road Pavement.

Roads play a key role in movements of goods and people but require large amounts of materials emitting greenhouse gases to be produced. This study assesses the global road material stock and the emissions associated with materials' production. Our bottom-up approach combines georeferenced paved road segments with road length statistics and archetypical geometric characteristics of roads.

Metabolic profiling of colorectal cancer organoids: A comparison between high-resolution magic angle spinning magnetic resonance spectroscopy and solution nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of polar extracts.

Patient-derived cancer cells cultured in vitro are a cornerstone of cancer metabolism research. More recently, the introduction of organoids has provided the research community with a more versatile model system. Physiological structure and organization of the cell source tissue are maintained in organoids, representing a closer link to in vivo tumor models.

Potential of frost damage of off-ground foundation stones in Norwegian Stave Churches since 1950 using land surface temperature.

The Stave Churches (SCs) are one of the most iconic heritages in Norway, and only 28 medieval SCs have survived till our age in this country. They are built on wood with staves and wooden sleepers standing off the ground on foundation stones which have the primary purpose of guaranteeing structural support, ensuring integrity of the leveled foundation, and avoid ground water or rainwater penetration up to the valuable wooden structures. This paper aims to analyze the risk of Freeze-Thaw (F-T) decay on the foundation stones of the 28 SCs using an algorithm with a single climate input parameter i.

Deep learning-based image analysis reveals significant differences in the number and distribution of mucosal CD3 and γδ T cells between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.

Colon mucosae of ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) display differences in the number and distribution of immune cells that are difficult to assess by eye. Deep learning-based analysis on whole slide images (WSIs) allows extraction of complex quantitative data that can be used to uncover different inflammatory patterns. We aimed to explore the distribution of CD3 and γδ T cells in colon mucosal compartments in histologically inactive and active inflammatory bowel disease.

Classification and determinants of passing difficulty in soccer: a multivariate approach.

Introduction: Usually, the players' or teams' efficiency to perform passes is measured in terms of accuracy. The degree of difficulty of this action has been overlooked in the literature.

Objectives: The present study aimed to classify the degree of passing difficulty in soccer matches and to identify and to discuss the variables that most explain the passing difficulty using spatiotemporal data.

Aquaculture rearing systems induce no legacy effects in Atlantic cod larvae or their rearing water bacterial communities.

The microbial rearing quality influences the survival of marine larvae. Microbially matured water treatment systems (MMS) provide a more favourable rearing water microbiome than flow-through systems (FTS). It has previously been hypothesised, but not investigated, that initial rearing in MMS leaves a protective legacy effect in Atlantic cod larvae (Gadus morhua).

EpiFactors 2022: expansion and enhancement of a curated database of human epigenetic factors and complexes.

We present an update of EpiFactors, a manually curated database providing information about epigenetic regulators, their complexes, targets, and products which is openly accessible at http://epifactors.autosome.org.

Increased levels of microRNA-320 in blood serum and plasma is associated with imminent and advanced lung cancer.

Lung cancer (LC) incidence is increasing globally and altered levels of microRNAs (miRNAs) in blood may contribute to identification of individuals with LC. We identified miRNAs differentially expressed in peripheral blood at LC diagnosis and evaluated, in pre-diagnostic blood specimens, how long before diagnosis expression changes in such candidate miRNAs could be detected. We identified upregulated candidate miRNAs in plasma specimens from a hospital-based study sample of 128 patients with confirmed LC and 62 individuals with suspected but confirmed negative LC (FalsePos).

Inflammation mediates approximately one quarter of excess relative all-cause mortality in persons with rheumatoid arthritis: the Trøndelag Health Study.

Inflammation may contribute to excess mortality in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. We investigated associations to all-cause mortality of the inflammation markers high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP), lactoferrin (neutrophil activation marker), and neopterin (monocyte activation marker). From the population-based Trøndelag Health Study (3rd wave 2006-2008), 316 RA patients and 43,579 controls were included.

Personality Traits and Security Motivation.

Security awareness training has long been considered a critical element in organizational cybersecurity preparedness and a mandatory activity in many laws and regulations as well as cybersecurity management standards such as ISO 27001. Organizations approach the issue with different methods, but many rely on online training as a cost-effective way to reach a large number of employees at a low cost. When this training is delivered as a voluntary measure, it is essential to have knowledge about the factors contributing to motivation to participate.

Penalty feet positioning rule modification and laterality effect on soccer goalkeepers' diving kinematics.

In 2019, a new rule was applied in soccer. It allows the goalkeeper to have only one foot or part of it on the goal line when the kicker hits the ball, unlike the previous rule that determined the goalkeeper should have both feet on the line. The purpose of the present study was to analyze how the change in the rule and the lower limbs laterality influences on the diving save kinematic performance in penalties.

Marital Histories and Associations With Later-Life Dementia and Mild Cognitive Impairment Risk in the HUNT4 70+ Study in Norway.

Earlier studies suggest that being married in later life protects against dementia, and that being single in old age increases the risk of dementia. In this study, we examine midlife marital status trajectories and their association with dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) at ages 70 plus using a large population based sample from Norway. Based on a general population sample linked to population registries ( = 8706), we used multinomial logistic regression to examine the associations between six types of marital trajectories (unmarried, continuously divorced, intermittently divorced, widowed, continuously married, intermittently married) between age 44 and 68 years from national registries and a clinical dementia or a MCI diagnosis after age 70.

Does implementation of a standardized pathway of stroke care affect functional outcome after stroke?

Background: A stroke care pathway (SCP) was introduced in Norway in 2018. The goal of the pathway was to avoid delay in treatment and diagnostics of acute stroke and to secure treatment according to national guidelines. In this study, we aimed to evaluate how the implementation of the SCP affects outcome after stroke.

FunHoP analysis reveals upregulation of mitochondrial genes in prostate cancer.

Mitochondrial activity in cancer cells has been central to cancer research since Otto Warburg first published his thesis on the topic in 1956. Although Warburg proposed that oxidative phosphorylation in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle was perturbed in cancer, later research has shown that oxidative phosphorylation is activated in most cancers, including prostate cancer (PCa). However, more detailed knowledge on mitochondrial metabolism and metabolic pathways in cancers is still lacking.

Deconstructing (e)health literacy: aspects that promote and inhibit understanding of health information in breast cancer patient pathways.

Purpose Deconstructing current definitions of "health literacy (HL)" and "eHealth literacy (eHL)", into the core notion of "understanding health information (HI)", this study provides insights into what promotes and inhibits the understanding of HI for breast cancer patients during cancer patient pathways (CCP) in Norway. Methods Seven well-educated women were interviewed. Through a stepwise deductive-inductive analysis of the transcribed interviews, the following topics were identified: 1) explanations accompanied by drawings, 2) individualized knowledge-based information, 3) information processing capacity, and 4) ambiguity in medical information.

COX7A2L genetic variants determine cardiorespiratory fitness in mice and human.

Mitochondrial respiratory complexes form superassembled structures called supercomplexes. COX7A2L is a supercomplex-specific assembly factor in mammals, although its implication for supercomplex formation and cellular metabolism remains controversial. Here we identify a role for COX7A2L for mitochondrial supercomplex formation in humans.

Hydration status during commercial saturation diving measured by bioimpedance and urine specific gravity.

Excessive fluid loss triggered by hyperbaric pressure, water immersion and hot water suits causes saturation divers to be at risk of dehydration. Dehydration is associated with reductions in mental and physical performance, resulting in less effective work and an increased risk of work-related accidents. In this study we examined the hydration status of 11 male divers over 19 days of a commercial saturation diving campaign to a working depth of 74 m, using two non-invasive methods: Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and urine specific gravity (USG).

SMUG1 regulates fat homeostasis leading to a fatty liver phenotype in mice.

Fatty liver diseases are a major health threat across the western world, leading to cirrhosis and premature morbidity and mortality. Recently, a correlation between the base excision repair enzyme SMUG1 and metabolic homeostasis was identified. As the molecular mechanisms remain unknown, we exploited a SMUG1-knockout mouse model to gain insights into this association by characterizing the liver phenotype in young vs old SMUG1-null mice.

Social and Gender Differences in Informal Caregiving for Sick, Disabled, or Elderly Persons: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Introduction: Informal caregivers are in increasing demand to provide care for sick, disabled, and elderly persons in the years to come, also in the Nordic welfare states. Informal caregivers can provide different types of care, such as personal care, supervision, and practical help, and previous research has shown that women take on a heavier care burden than men. However, structural differences in care tasks and caregiver burden in the Norwegian population is an under-researched area of study.

Retrosplenial and subicular inputs converge on superficially projecting layer V neurons of medial entorhinal cortex.

The medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) plays a pivotal role in spatial processing together with hippocampal formation. The retrosplenial cortex (RSC) is also implicated in this process, and it is thus relevant to understand how these structures interact. This requires precise knowledge of their connectivity.

Barriers to headache care in low- and middle-income countries.

Headache disorders are a common cause of disability globally and lead not only to physical disability but also to financial strain, higher rates of mental health disorders such as depression and anxiety, and reduced economic productivity which negatively impacts gross domestic product (GDP) on a national scale. While data about headache are relatively scarce in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), those available suggest that headache disorders occur on a similar scale in LMICs as they do in high-income countries. In this manuscript, we discuss common clinical, political, economic and social barriers to headache care for people living in LMICs.

Kirkwood-Buff integrals: From fluctuations in finite volumes to the thermodynamic limit.

The Kirkwood-Buff theory is a cornerstone of the statistical mechanics of liquids and solutions. It relates volume integrals over the radial distribution function, so-called Kirkwood-Buff integrals (KBIs), to particle number fluctuations and thereby to various macroscopic thermodynamic quantities such as the isothermal compressibility and partial molar volumes. Recently, the field has seen a strong revival with breakthroughs in the numerical computation of KBIs and applications to complex systems such as bio-molecules.