Explaining the Female Preponderance in Adolescent Depression-A Four-Wave Cohort Study.

In the transition from childhood into adolescence, a female preponderance in depression emerges. Despite substantial empirical research to test theoretical propositions as to why this happens, our understanding is still limited. One explanation claims that girls become exposed to more stress (stress exposure model) whereas another proposes that girls become more vulnerable to the impact of stress (stress reactivity model) than boys when entering adolescence.

A Scoping Review of Cerebral Doppler Arterial Waveforms in Infants.

Cerebral Doppler ultrasound has been an important tool in pediatric diagnostics and prognostics for decades. Although the Doppler spectrum can provide detailed information on cerebral perfusion, the measured spectrum is often reduced to simple numerical parameters. To help pediatric clinicians recognize the visual characteristics of disease-associated Doppler spectra and identify possible areas for future research, a scoping review of primary studies on cerebral Doppler arterial waveforms in infants was performed.

Validation in Indonesia of two published scores for mortality prediction after cardiac surgery.

Introduction: No mortality risk prediction model has previously been validated for cardiac surgery in Indonesia. This study aimed at validating the EuroSCORE II and Age Creatinine Ejection Fraction (ACEF) score as predictors for in-hospital mortality after cardiac surgery a in tertiary center, and if necessary, to recalibrate the EuroSCORE II model to our population.

Methods: This study was a single-center observational study from prospectively collected data on adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery from January 2006 to December 2011 (n = 1833).

[Formula: see text] Executive function measured by BRIEF in adolescents diagnosed and treated for ADHD: problem profiles and agreement between informants.

Executive functional deficits (EFDs) play an important role in functional impairment in adolescents with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). More knowledge of executive function (EF) profiles and informant discrepancies will guide clinicians and provide tailored treatment advice. The objectives of this study were to use teacher, parent, and self-reported EF ratings to describe (a) problem profiles and (b) the correlation and agreement between informants.

Labour market participation after spinal cord injury. A register-based cohort study.

Study Design: A register based cohort study.

Objectives: To investigate labour market participation following spinal cord injury (SCI) and to describe the impact of personal and SCI characteristics.

Setting: Norway.

Women's experiences of continuity of care from student midwives - A qualitative study from Norway.

Objective: The study aimed to gain a deeper understanding of women's experience of continuity of care by student midwives during the childbearing process.

Method: A qualitative approach was the design used in this study. In-depth interviews were conducted with nine women who had received continuity of care during their childbearing process by student midwives.

Hippocampal-medial entorhinal circuit is differently organized along the dorsoventral axis in rodents.

The general understanding of hippocampal circuits is that the hippocampus and the entorhinal cortex (EC) are topographically connected through parallel identical circuits along the dorsoventral axis. Our anterograde tracing and in vitro electrophysiology data, however, show a markedly different dorsoventral organization of the hippocampal projection to the medial EC (MEC). While dorsal hippocampal projections are confined to the dorsal MEC, ventral hippocampal projections innervate both dorsal and ventral MEC.

Assessing cell migration in hydrogels: An overview of relevant materials and methods.

Cell migration is essential in numerous living processes, including embryonic development, wound healing, immune responses, and cancer metastasis. From individual cells to collectively migrating epithelial sheets, the locomotion of cells is tightly regulated by multiple structural, chemical, and biological factors. However, the high complexity of this process limits the understanding of the influence of each factor.

Using machine learning pipeline to predict entry into the attack zone in football.

Sports sciences are increasingly data-intensive nowadays since computational tools can extract information from large amounts of data and derive insights from athlete performances during the competition. This paper addresses a performance prediction problem in soccer, a popular collective sport modality played by two teams competing against each other in the same field. In a soccer game, teams score points by placing the ball into the opponent's goal and the winner is the team with the highest count of goals.

A study of a diauxic growth experiment using an expanded dynamic flux balance framework.

Flux balance analysis (FBA) remains one of the most used methods for modeling the entirety of cellular metabolism, and a range of applications and extensions based on the FBA framework have been generated. Dynamic flux balance analysis (dFBA), the expansion of FBA into the time domain, still has issues regarding accessibility limiting its widespread adoption and application, such as a lack of a consistently rigid formalism and tools that can be applied without expert knowledge. Recent work has combined dFBA with enzyme-constrained flux balance analysis (decFBA), which has been shown to greatly improve accuracy in the comparison of computational simulations and experimental data, but such approaches generally do not take into account the fact that altering the enzyme composition of a cell is not an instantaneous process.

Penicillium chrysogenum as a fungal factory for feruloyl esterases.

Plant biomass is a promising substrate for biorefinery, as well as a source of bioactive compounds, platform chemicals, and precursors with multiple industrial applications. These applications depend on the hydrolysis of its recalcitrant structure. However, the effective biological degradation of plant cell walls requires several enzymatic groups acting synergistically, and novel enzymes are needed in order to achieve profitable industrial hydrolysis processes.

Molecular insights into alginate β-lactoglobulin A multivalencies-The foundation for their amorphous aggregates and coacervation.

For improved control of biomaterial property design, a better understanding of complex coacervation involving anionic polysaccharides and proteins is needed. Here, we address the initial steps in condensate formation of β-lactoglobulin A (β-LgA) with nine defined alginate oligosaccharides (AOSs) and describe their multivalent interactions in structural detail. Binding of AOSs containing four, five, or six uronic acid residues (UARs), either all mannuronate (M), all guluronate (G), or alternating M and G embodying the block structural components of alginates, was characterized by isothermal titration calorimetry, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), and molecular docking.

PCNA regulates primary metabolism by scaffolding metabolic enzymes.

The essential roles of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) as a scaffold protein in DNA replication and repair are well established, while its cytosolic roles are less explored. Two metabolic enzymes, alpha-enolase (ENO1) and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD), both contain PCNA interacting motifs. Mutation of the PCNA interacting motif APIM in ENO1 (F423A) impaired its binding to PCNA and resulted in reduced cellular levels of ENO1 protein, reduced growth rate, reduced glucose consumption, and reduced activation of AKT.

ATX-101, a cell-penetrating protein targeting PCNA, can be safely administered as intravenous infusion in patients and shows clinical activity in a Phase 1 study.

Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA) is a highly conserved protein essential for DNA replication, repair and scaffold functions in the cytosol. Specific inhibition of PCNA in cancer cells is an attractive anti-cancer strategy. ATX-101 is a first-in-class drug targeting PCNA, primarily in cellular stress regulation.

Neuroimaging markers of dual impairment in cognition and physical performance following stroke: The Nor-COAST study.

Background: Cognitive decline and decline in physical performance are common after stroke. Concurrent impairments in the two domains are reported to give increased risk of dementia and functional decline. The concept of dual impairment of physical performance and cognition after stroke is poorly investigated.

Li/H exchange of LiLaZrO single and polycrystals investigated by quantitative LIBS depth profiling.

LiLaZrO (LLZO) garnets are highly attractive to be used as solid electrolyte in solid-state Li batteries. However, LLZO suffers from chemical interaction with air and humidity, causing Li/H exchange with detrimental implication on its performance, processing and scalability. To better understand the kinetics of the detrimental Li/H exchange and its dependence on microstructural features, accelerated Li/H exchange experiments were performed on single crystalline and polycrystalline LLZO, exposed for 80 minutes to 80 °C hot water.

Impact of altering referral threshold from out-of-hours primary care to hospital on patient safety and further health service use: a cohort study.

Objectives: To estimate the impact of altering referral thresholds from out-of-hours services on older patients' further use of health services and risk of death.

Design: Cohort study using patient data from primary and specialised health services and demographic data from Statistics Norway and the Norwegian Cause of Death Registry.

Setting: Norway PARTICIPANTS: 491 653 patients aged 65 years and older contacting Norwegian out-of-hours services between 2008 and 2016.

On the impact of carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs) in lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs).

Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) have revolutionized our understanding of how enzymes degrade insoluble polysaccharides. Compared with the substantial knowledge developed on the structure and mode of action of the catalytic LPMO domains, the (multi)modularity of LPMOs has received less attention. The presence of other domains, in particular carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs), tethered to LPMOs has profound implications for the catalytic performance of the full-length enzymes.

Longitudinal brain age prediction and cognitive function after stroke.

Advanced age is associated with post-stroke cognitive decline. Machine learning based on brain scans can be used to estimate brain age of patients, and the corresponding difference from chronological age, the brain age gap (BAG), has been investigated in a range of clinical conditions, yet not thoroughly in post-stroke neurocognitive disorder (NCD). We aimed to investigate the association between BAG and post-stroke NCD over time.

Persons with rheumatoid arthritis have higher barriers to physical activity than controls: a cross-sectional study using the Facilitators and Barriers to Physical Activity Questionnaire (FasBarPAQ).

Facilitators and barriers to performing physical activity (PA) may vary among persons with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) as well as between RA patients and healthy individuals. Primary objective: To investigate associations of presence of RA and levels of stress and depression with scores for facilitators and barriers to PA, using a new questionnaire (FasBarPAQ). Secondary objectives: investigate inter-individual score differences in persons with RA, and associations with RA disease-specific variables.

Can home care work be organized to promote musculoskeletal health for workers? Study protocol for the Norwegian GoldiCare cluster randomized controlled trial.

Background: Home care workers perform physically strenuous tasks, in particular when handling patients with high care demands. Thus, musculoskeletal pain and sick leave is greater in this group than in the general population. To ease these issues, we will implement a Goldilocks Work intervention (GoldiCare), redistributing schedules between workers to achieve a "just right" weekly structure of physical work that can promote health.

Electrolysis in reduced gravitational environments: current research perspectives and future applications.

Electrochemical energy conversion technologies play a crucial role in space missions, for example, in the Environmental Control and Life Support System (ECLSS) on the International Space Station (ISS). They are also vitally important for future long-term space travel for oxygen, fuel and chemical production, where a re-supply of resources from Earth is not possible. Here, we provide an overview of currently existing electrolytic energy conversion technologies for space applications such as proton exchange membrane (PEM) and alkaline electrolyzer systems.

Mapping population access to essential surgical care in Liberia using equipment, personnel, and bellwether capability standards.

Background: Accurate surveillance of population access to essential surgery is key for strategic healthcare planning. This study aimed to estimate population access to surgical facilities meeting standards for safe surgery equipment, specialized surgical personnel, and bellwether capability, cesarean delivery, emergency laparotomy, and long-bone fracture fixation and to evaluate the validity of using these standards to describe the full breadth of essential surgical care needs in Liberia.

Method: An observational study of surgical facilities was conducted in Liberia between 20 September and 8 November 2018.

Pre-hospital guidelines for CPR-Induced Consciousness (CPRIC): A scoping review.

Background: CPR-Induced Consciousness is an emerging phenomenon with a paucity of consensus guidelines from peak resuscitative bodies. Local prehospital services have had to implement their own CPR-Induced Consciousness guidelines. This scoping review aims to identify prehospital CPR-Induced Consciousness guidelines and compare or contrast their management options.