Atomically thin high-entropy oxides via naked metal ion self-assembly for proton exchange membrane electrolysis.

Designing efficient Ruthenium-based catalysts as practical anodes is of critical importance in proton exchange membrane water electrolysis. Here, we develop a self-assembly technique to synthesize 1 nm-thick rutile-structured high-entropy oxides (RuIrFeCoCrO) from naked metal ions assembly and oxidation at air-molten salt interface. The RuIrFeCoCrO requires an overpotential of 185 mV at 10 m A cm and maintains the high activity for over 1000 h in an acidic electrolyte via the adsorption evolution mechanism.

Exercise capacity and the psychosocial effect in preterm born infants - Should we do more?

Physical activity is crucial for children's physical, cognitive, and social development, reducing the risk of non-communicable diseases and improving overall well-being. A major legacy of extremely preterm delivery is respiratory limitation with reduced lung function and decreased exercise capacity which can be further exacerbated by inactivity and deconditioning. Strategies to increase incidental physical activities in early childhood and participation in sport and more formal exercise programmes in middle childhood have the potential to optimize cardiopulmonary function, improve quality of life, and foster social interactions in childhood and beyond, thereby providing benefits that extend far beyond the physical domain.

Clinical and intracranial electrophysiological signatures of post-operative and post-ictal delirium.

Objectives: (1) Gain insight into the mechanisms of postoperative delirium (POD). (2) Determine mechanistic overlap with post-ictal delirium (PID). Epilepsy patients undergoing intracranial electrophysiological monitoring can experience both POD and PID, and thus are suitable subjects for these investigations.

Roles and opportunities of quorum sensing in natural and engineered anaerobic digestion systems.

Anaerobic digestion (AD) is a biological process in which anaerobic microorganisms convert organic matter into methane-rich gas, contributing to the cycling of carbon and other nutrients. Quorum sensing (QS), a microbial communication mechanism, plays a critical role in regulating population-level behaviors within AD systems. This review systematically examines the roles and applications of QS in AD, emphasizing its importance in enhancing process efficiency.

Use of the structured emergency nursing framework HIRAID® improves patient experience: A stepped-wedge cluster randomised control trial in rural, regional and metropolitan Australia.

Background: Emergency departments have high levels of uncertainty, long wait times, resource shortages, overcrowding and a constantly changing environment. Patient experience and patient safety are directly linked, yet levels of patient experience are stagnant. To improve emergency nursing care and patient experience, an emergency nursing framework HIRAID® (History including Infection risk, Red flags, Assessment, Interventions, Diagnostics, communication, and reassessment) was implemented in 29 Australian emergency departments.

The experience of transition from student nurse to registered nurse among newly graduated nurses in the paediatric setting: An integrative literature review.

Aim: This integrative review explores the transition to practice experiences of graduate nurses working in either acute or non-acute paediatric settings across different countries.

Background: Graduate nurses frequently experience feelings of inadequacy, uncertainty, increased accountability, and workload pressures during their transition, particularly in paediatric settings. However, research specifically examining their experiences in paediatric healthcare is limited, with most studies focusing on broader nursing contexts.

Behind closed doors: Homeboundness and psychosocial outcomes. Evidence from a longitudinal study of middle-aged and older adults.

Objectives: To examine how homeboundness is associated with psychosocial outcomes in terms of life satisfaction, positive affect, negative affect and loneliness among middle-aged and older adults.

Methods: Longitudinal data were taken from the nationally representative sample German Ageing Survey (wave 1 to wave 4; n = 18,491 observations). This study included community-dwelling individuals aged 40 years and over in Germany.

Are AI chatbots concordant with evidence-based cancer screening recommendations?

Objective: This study aimed to assess whether information from AI chatbots on benefits and harms of breast and prostate cancer screening were concordant with evidence-based cancer screening recommendations.

Methods: Seven unique prompts (four breast cancer; three prostate cancer) were presented to ChatGPT in March 2024. A total of 60 criteria (30 breast; 30 prostate) were used to assess the concordance of information.

Heterogeneous distribution of the reported prevalence of Dirofilaria immitis infections in Australian canids - A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Reports of Dirofilaria immitis infection vary by location in the USA and Europe, with an occurrence gradient increasing towards the equator and warmer climates. In Australia, heartworm preventative guidelines are not climate specific, implying homogenous risk of infection across the continent. We systematically reviewed the published literature to assess if the distribution of D.

Machine-learning based risk prediction of outcomes in patients hospitalised with COVID-19 in Australia: the AUS-COVID score.

Objective: We aimed to develop a highly interpretable and effective, machine-learning based risk prediction algorithm to predict in-hospital mortality, intubation and adverse cardiovascular events in patients hospitalised with COVID-19 in Australia (AUS-COVID Score).

Materials And Methods: This prospective study across 21 hospitals included 1714 consecutive patients aged ≥ 18 in their index hospitalization with COVID-19. The dataset was separated into training (80%) and test sets (20%).

Pituitary adenomas: biology, nomenclature and clinical classification.

An 'adenoma' is a benign neoplasm composed of epithelial tissue, and has been standard nomenclature for primary pituitary neoplasms. In 2022, the fifth edition of the WHO Classification of Endocrine Tumours and of Central Nervous System Tumours, renamed pituitary adenomas as neuroendocrine tumours (NETs), assigning an oncology label to pituitary invariably benign neoplasms. Multidisciplinary workshops convened by the Pituitary Society have questioned the process, validity, and merit of this arbitrary change, while addressing the adverse clinical implications of the proposed new nomenclature.

Pharmacological, computational, and mechanistic insights into triptolide's role in targeting drug-resistant cancers.

As a promising candidate for tackling drug-resistant cancers, triptolide, a diterpenoid derived from the Chinese medicinal plant Tripterygium wilfordii, has been developed. This review summarizes potential antitumor activities, including the suppression of RNA polymerase II, the suppression of heat shock proteins (HSP70 and HSP90), and the blockade of NF-kB signalling. Triptolide is the first known compound to target cancer cells specifically but spare normal cells, and it has success in treating cancers that are difficult to treat, including pancreatic, breast, and lung cancers.

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces sclerostin secretion by extracellular vesicle via TLR4/miR-92a-3p/PTEN/NF-κB signalling pathway in murine macrophage.

Background: Sclerostin (SOST) is traditionally regarded as an osteocyte-derived secreted glycoprotein that regulates bone mineralization. Recent studies reported that SOST is also released from non-skeletal sources, especially during inflammation. However, the cellular source and regulatory mechanisms governing SOST generation in inflammation remain unclear.

Minimal extra-cardiac atherosclerosis present in young people with sudden cardiac death due to coronary artery disease.

Aim: To define the association between severe coronary artery disease and widespread atherosclerosis in younger individuals.

Methods: Individuals aged 1-50 years with sudden cardiac death (SCD) from 2019-23, autopsy-proven to be due to coronary artery disease, were identified using the state-wide EndUCD registry. Presence of extra-coronary atherosclerosis greater than modified American Heart Association class III was assessed in 5 arterial beds (intra-cerebral vessels, aorta, carotid, renal and femoral arteries).

Each hour injures, the last one kills.

The haemorrhage of psychiatrists from the NSW state-funded mental health system parallels losses throughout Australia, and internationally. The lack of workforce cripples the capacity to provide adequate care. There has been persistently neglectful under-resourcing of the care of people with severe mental illness.

A Comparison of Wound Related Complications Between Intramedullary and Lateral Plate Osteosynthesis After Fibula Osteotomy in the Lateral Approach Total Ankle Replacement.

Background: Total ankle replacement (TAR) has evolved in the last decade from a procedure rife with complication and failure to a promising alternative to arthrodesis. The ability to maintain ankle joint range of motion is showing great promise in patient-reported outcomes, postsurgical pain, as well as long-term sequalae of joint fusion. Although TAR can be performed via either an anterior or lateral approach both with their own sets of benefits and potential complications, the consensus seems to be that one is no better than the other when performed by high-volume surgeons.

The Physicochemical and Rheological Properties of Green Banana Flour-Wheat Flour Bread Substitutions.

Functional foods are currently receiving increasing popularity in diet modification. Green bananas contain far more dietary fiber (DF) and resistant starch (RS) than mature bananas. The potential for integrating these vital components into food, such as bread, has expanded.

Exploring Dietary Assessment Methods Used to Measure Individual Dietary Intakes in Low- and Middle-Income Countries and Under-Served Populations in High-Income Countries.

Background/objectives: For low- and middle- income country (LMIC) settings, a global nutrition transition is rapidly emerging as diets shift, resulting in a dual burden of malnutrition. High quality dietary intake data for these populations is essential to understand dietary patterns contributing to these nutrition issues. New technology is emerging to address dietary assessment challenges; however, it is unknown how researchers conducting studies with LMIC populations or under-served groups in high-income countries adopt technology-assisted methods.

Evaluation of Intermittent Restricted Eating Using the Interval Weight Loss Online Platform in an Everyday Setting.

: Obesity remains a global health challenge. Many commercial online weight loss programs are available, and they have advantages in terms of scalability and access. Few of these programs have been evaluated for effectiveness in a real-world context.

Risk-Prioritised Versus Universal Medical Nutrition Therapy for Gestational Diabetes: A Retrospective Observational Study.

Background: The optimal application of medical nutrition therapy (MNT) in treating gestational diabetes remains uncertain. MNT involves individualised nutrition assessment and counselling, which is labour-intensive and is not the sole type of intervention offered by clinical dietitians.

Objective: To determine whether pregnancy outcomes differed for individuals with gestational diabetes who were offered MNT on a risk-prioritised (RP) versus universal basis.

Plant-Based Functional Foods from Borneo.

Borneo, the third-largest island in the world, is shared between Malaysia (Sabah and Sarawak), Indonesia (Kalimantan) and Brunei. As a biodiversity hotspot, it is home to about 15,000 flowering plants and 3000 tree species, of which many are endemic to the region. Locally derived plant-based foods are gaining popularity due to their lower environmental impact, contribution to food sustainability and health benefits.

Recent Advancements of Bio-Derived Flame Retardants for Polymeric Materials.

The sustainable flame retardancy of polymeric materials is a key focus for the direction of the next generation in the field of fire safety. Bio-derived flame retardants are gaining attention as environmentally friendly additives due to their low ecological impact and decreasing costs. These compounds can enhance char formation in polymeric materials by swelling upon heating, attributed to their functional groups.

Normative Database of Spatiotemporal Gait Metrics Across Age Groups: An Observational Case-Control Study.

Introduction: Gait analysis is a vital tool in the assessment of human movement and has been widely used in clinical settings to identify potential abnormalities in individuals. However, there is a lack of consensus on the normative values for gait metrics in large populations. The primary objective of this study is to establish a normative database of spatiotemporal gait metrics across various age groups, contributing to a broader understanding of human gait dynamics.