Quality-by-design approach for development of sustained-release multiple-unit beads of lamotrigine based on ion-cross-linked composite of pectin and okra mucilage: An in vitro appraisal.

The main objective of the present study was to develop a sustained release multiple-unit beads of lamotrigine based on ionotropically cross-linked natural polysaccharides such as pectin (PTN) and okra mucilage (OM) and optimize the polymer-concentration, polymer ratio and cross-linker concentration by 2 full factorial design. Two different levels of three independent variables (total polymer concentration, polymer ratio and [CaCl]) were considered for the experimental design. Drug-polymers compatibility was examined by FTIR, DSC, TGA and powder-XRD.

Recent Biomedical Applications on Stem Cell Therapy: A Brief Overview.

Stem cells are the specialized cell population with unique self-renewal ability and act as the precursor of all the body cells. Broadly, stem cells are of two types one is embryonic stem cells while the other is adult or somatic stem cells. Embryonic stem cells are the cells of zygote of the blastocyst which give rise to all kind of body cells including embryonic cells, and it can reconstruct a complete organism.

Potentiating apoptosis and modulation of p53, Bcl2, and Bax by a novel chrysin ruthenium complex for effective chemotherapeutic efficacy against breast cancer.

Breast cancer is the most frequent cause of cancer in women. In the current study, transition metal ruthenium was complexed with flavonoid chrysin to evaluate the chemotherapeutic potential of this compound in Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 (MCF-7) human mammary cancer cell line and 7,12-dimethylbenz(α)anthracene-induced mammary cancer in female Sprague-Dawley rats. The characterizations of the complex were accomplished through UV-visible, NMR, IR, Mass spectra, and XRD techniques and antioxidant activity was assessed by DPPH, FRAP, and ABTS methods.

Breaking the Barrier of Cancer Through Liposome Loaded with Phytochemicals.

Currently, the most important cause of death is cancer. To treat the cancer there are a number of drugs existing in the market but no drug is found to be completely safe and effective. The toxicity of the drugs is the key problem in the cancer chemotherapy.

Current Status of Stem Cell Therapies in Tissue Repair and Regeneration.

Tissue engineering is a multi-disciplinary field such as material science, life science, and bioengineering that are necessary to make artificial tissue or rejuvenate damaged tissue. Numerous tissue repair techniques and substitute now exist even though it has several shortcomings; these shortcomings give a good reason for the continuous research for more acceptable tissue-engineered substitutes. The search for and use of a suitable stem cell in tissue engineering is a promising concept.

Reverse Iontophoretic Extraction of Gabapentin: A Mechanistic Study.

Background: For the narrow therapeutic index anti-epileptic drugs, monitoring of plasma concentration is a necessity for avoiding complications related to fluctuation of plasma level.

Objective: The work was aimed at extracting gabapentin by transdermal reverse iontophoresis to investigate its feasibility for noninvasive therapeutic drug monitoring.

Methods: Gabapentin was delivered in phosphate buffer (pH 7.

Chitosan-coated nanoparticles enhanced lung pharmacokinetic profile of voriconazole upon pulmonary delivery in mice.

Aim: Chitosan-coated polylactic-co-glycolic acid nanoparticles of voriconazole (VChNP) were developed to increase residence time and provide sustained drug release locally to treat recurrent lung-fungal infection.

Materials & Methods: VChNP has been developed using a simple, unique technique and characterized. Pharmacokinetics, lung deposition with time and gamma imaging were conducted with optimized formulations.

Transdermal Lipid Nanocarriers: A Potential Delivery System for Lornoxicam.

Background: Lornoxicam, is a NSAID of the oxicam class. Its short duration of action owing to rapid elimination and gastrointestinal side effects limits its usefulness when administered orally.

Objective: The primary objective of the proposed work is to develop suitable lipid nanocarriers for transdermal delivery of Lornoxicam with increased drug residence time at local site of inflamation and in systemic circulation, overcoming undesired gastrointestinal side effects.

Nano-encapsulation of Dietary Phytoconstituent Capsaicin on Emulsome: Evaluation of Anticancer Activity Through the Measurement of Liver Oxidative Stress in Rats.

Background: Excessive reactive species derived from oxygen and nitrogen leads to oxidative damage to tissue and organs. Capsaicin (CAP), a pungent component found in red pepper can prevent oxidative stress.

Objective: The aim of the present work was to evaluate the protective effects of CAP loaded nano-emulsomes (EML) against the oxidative stress of rat livers induced through sodium fluoride (NaF).

Acute, 28days sub acute and genotoxic profiling of Quercetin-Magnesium complex in Swiss albino mice.

Quercetin-Magnesium complex is one of the youngest alkaline rare earth metal (Magnesium) complexes with flavonoids (Quercetin) in organo-metalic family. Earlier studies describe the details of the complex formation, characterization and antioxidant study of the complex but toxicity profile is still under darkness. The present study was taken up to investigate the oral acute toxicity, 28days repeated oral sub-acute toxicity study and genotoxicity study of Quercetin-Magnesium complex in Swiss albino mice.

Synthesis and in vitro antiviral evaluation of 4-substituted 3,4-dihydropyrimidinones.

A series of 4-substituted 3,4-dihydropyrimidine-2-ones (DHPM) was synthesized, characterized by IR, H NMR, C NMR and HRMS spectra. The compounds were evaluated in vitro for their antiviral activity against a broad range of DNA and RNA viruses, along with assessment for potential cytotoxicity in diverse mammalian cell lines. Compound 4m, which possesses a long lipophilic side chain, was found to be a potent and selective inhibitor of Punta Toro virus, a member of the Bunyaviridae.

Transdermal reverse iontophoresis: A novel technique for therapeutic drug monitoring.

Application of transdermal reverse iontophoresis for diagnostic purpose is a relatively new concept but its short span of research is full of ups and downs. In early nineties, when the idea was floated, it received a dubious welcome by the scientific community. Yet to the disbelief of many, 2001 saw the launching of GlucoWatch® G2 Biographer, the first device that could measure the blood sugar level noninvasively.

Nano-encapsulation of capsaicin on lipid vesicle and evaluation of their hepatocellular protective effect.

The intention of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of nanocapsulated food constituent capsaicin in protection of liver oxidative stress. We had prepared phospholipid vesicle (nanoliposome) by formation of thin lipid film followed by hydration when the mean vesicle diameter was found to be 277.7nm.

Nanoliposome is a Promising Carrier of Protein and Peptide Biomolecule for the Treatment of Cancer.

Nano-liposomes are the newly developed delivery systems for cancer therapy that are finding a position particularly suitable as peptide and protein carriers. These are three-layered self-assembled structures with nanoparticulate carrier systems. The overall pharmacological properties of commonly used protein and peptide in cancer therapy can be improved by the incorporation of protein and peptide into the nano-liposome.

Infringement of the barriers of cancer via dietary phytoconstituents capsaicin through novel drug delivery system.

Cancer is the major cause of fatality and the number of new cases is increasing incessantly. Conventional therapies and existing anticancer agents cause serious side effects and expand the patient's lifespan by a few years. There is the need to exploit alternative anticancer agents and novel drug delivery system to deliver these agents to the tumor site for the prevention of cancer.

Understanding type 1 diabetes: etiology and models.

Type 1 diabetes is a complex disease involving a combination of factors, such as genetic susceptibility, immunologic dysregulation and exposure to environmental triggers. Animal models serve an important function both in elucidating the pathophysiology and preliminary screening of antidiabetic molecules. Hence, the development of models for type 1 diabetes can be broadly divided into 3 categories, namely: identification of spontaneously developing type 1 diabetes mellitus strains, creating diabetes-prone species through gene transfer techniques and forced destruction of islet cells through chemical or surgical means.

Preparation and characterisation of mucoadhesive nasal gel of venlafaxine hydrochloride for treatment of anxiety disorders.

The aim of the present study is to prepare and evaluate mucoadhesive nasal gels of venlafaxine hydrochloride. Mucoadhesive nasal gels were prepared using polymers like carbopol 934 and sodium alginate and characterized in terms of viscosity, texture profile analysis, ex vivo drug permeation profiles and histopathological studies. The results show that values of viscosity, hardness and adhesiveness increase while those of cohesiveness decrease with corresponding increase in concentration of the polymers.

Prospects of iontophoresis in cardiovascular drug delivery.

Clinical benefits, industry interest, regulatory precedence, and strong market potential have made transdermal research the fastest growth area in drug delivery. As most drugs permeate poorly through skin, a major challenge is achieving the therapeutic level by enhancement of permeation rate. Iontophoresis, utilizing a minimal amount of current, is found to affect the skin permeation process drastically.

Terpenoids of methanol extract of Clerodendrum infortunatum exhibit anticancer activity against Ehrlich's ascites carcinoma (EAC) in mice.

Context: Clerodendrum infortunatum Linn. is a widely used plant in the Indian indigenous system of medicine for the treatment of tumors.

Objective: The present study evaluated the anticancer activity of methanol extract of C.

Methoxy VO-salen stimulates pancreatic β cell survival by upregulation of eNOS and downregulation of apoptosis in STZ-induced diabetic rats.

The present study was designed to investigate the effect of MetVO-salen in ameliorating diabetes and oxidative stress in the pancreas of diabetic rats. Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats were treated with MetVO-salen complex intraperitonially (0.3 and 0.

Flavonoids of Enhydra fluctuans exhibit anticancer activity against Ehrlich's ascites carcinoma in mice.

Flavonoids obtained from Enhydra fluctuans (FEF) were screened for anticancer activity against Ehrlich's ascites carcinoma (EAC) bearing Swiss albino mice. The anticancer activity was assessed by measuring the tumor growth response, percentage increase of life span, hematological parameters, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant enzyme activity, like GSH and CAT. Two flavonoids, baicalein 7-O-glucoside and baicalein 7-O-diglucoside, were isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction.