Valve in valve transcatheter aortic valve implantation (ViV-TAVI) versus redo-Surgical aortic valve replacement (redo-SAVR): A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Bioprosthetic (BP) valves have been increasingly used for aortic valve replacement over the last decade. Due to their limited durability, patients presenting with failed BP valves are rising. Valve in Valve - Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (ViV-TAVI) emerged as an alternative to the gold standard redo-Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement (redo-SAVR).

Alpha-Tocopherol Supplementation Restricts Aluminium- and Ethanol-Induced Oxidative Damage in Rat Brain but Fails to Protect Against Neurobehavioral Damage.

The concurrent presence of oxidative stress (OS) and aluminium exposure is an inducer of neurodegenerative changes. Aluminium can augment OS in a pro-oxidant dominant condition. Antioxidative property of α-tocopherol may be useful in restricting these degenerative changes in the brain.

A low gradient junction technique of craniospinal irradiation using volumetric-modulated arc therapy and its advantages over the conventional therapy.

A technique using volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT) fields for craniospinal irradiation with low dose gradients at the field junction was tested for its sensitivity to positional inaccuracy. It was compared against the conventional three-dimensional (3D) conformal radiotherapy in terms of dose uniformity at the junction. Treatment plans generated for ten patients who received craniospinal irradiation (35Gy in 21 fractions) by VMAT technique at our centre were included in this study.

Role of serial ultrasonic optic nerve sheath diameter monitoring in head injury.

Objectives: To compare optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) measurements in head injury patients with a group of normal subjects and investigate the significance of serial ONSD monitoring in head injury patients.

Methods: All patients with a head injury admitted to our hospital with a program of conservative management at the time of admission were included in this prospective study. On admission, the patient was assessed using the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), orbital ultrasound for optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD), and CT brain scan.

Acute Ischaemic Stroke as a Manifestation of Pituitary Apoplexy in a Young Lady.

Pituitary Apoplexy (PA) is defined as a clinical syndrome comprising headache, visual deficits and altered sensorium, which can result from haemorrhage or infarction of the pituitary gland. Acute ischaemic stroke following PA is very rare. We are presenting a 35-year-old young otherwise healthy lady who presented with neuro ophthalmological and vascular symptoms on a background of PA.

Clinical and Laboratory Profile of Urinary Tract Infections in Type 2 Diabetics Aged over 60 Years.

Introduction: Urinary tract infections are frequently encountered among diabetic patients and the incidence rate increases with age. There have been growing research to identify the clinical profile of urinary tract infections in diabetic patients. However, such studies on elderly patients are rare.

Evaluation of Acute Oral Toxicity of Ethanol Leaves Extract of in Wistar Albino Rats.

Introduction: Herbal drugs have gained importance globally in the treatment of various diseases. is traditionally used as an anti diabetic and anti cancer drug. To the best of our knowledge limited data are available on acute and sub acute toxicity of extract despite its wide spread use in traditional medicine.

Postoperative hematoma involving brainstem, peduncles, cerebellum, deep subcortical white matter, cerebral hemispheres following chronic subdural hematoma evacuation.

Among the intracranial hematomas, chronic subdural hematomas (CSDH) are the most benign with a mortality rate of 0.5-4.0%.

Oral submucous fibrosis: A quantitative assessment of serum malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase and correlation with clinical staging.

Background: Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a progressive disorder affecting the oral mucosa. OSMF predominantly seen in South-east Asian countries. There are some biochemicals parameters which are modify in oral submucous fibrosis; this alteration can be used as a tool for diseases progress and avert malignant transformation.

Clival giant cell tumor - A rare case report and review of literature with respect to current line of management.

Giant-cell tumor (GCT) involving the skull base is rare. Sphenoid bone is the most commonly involved bone followed by petrous temporal bone. Histopathology and radiological features of these lesions are similar to GCT involving bone elsewhere.

Effect of Addition of Fentanyl to Xylocaine Hydrochloride in Brachial Plexus Block by Supraclavicular Approach.

Aim: This study was designed to quantitatively compare the effects of 1.5% xylocaine with 1.5% xylocaine and fentanyl (1 μg/kg) mixture for supraclavicular brachial plexus block.

Comparative Study of the Effect of Intravenous Paracetamol and Tramadol in Relieving of Postoperative Pain after General Anesthesia in Nephrectomy Patients.

Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the effect of intravenous paracetamol and tramadol in relieving of postoperative pain after general anesthesia for nephrectomy in prospective donor patients for kidney transplantation.

Materials And Methods: A randomized study was conducted on 100 adult patients scheduled for nephrectomy aged from 35 to 55 years of both sexes and divided into two groups and were administered intravenous paracetamol and tramadol for postoperative pain relief and assessed with visual analog scale score and variations in vital parameters to assess extent of pain relief.

Results: After statistical interpretation of collected data, the observations were extrapolated.

Comparison of Butorphanol and Fentanyl for the Relief of Postoperative Shivering Associated with Spinal Anesthesia.

Aim: The aim of this study was to compare fentanyl and butorphanol for the relief of postoperative shivering in spinal anesthesia.

Materials And Methods: A total of 100 American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Class I and II patients aged 19-60 years belonging to both sexes who were posted for elective surgical procedures under spinal anesthesia were divided into two groups (fentanyl and butorphanol) and monitored intraoperatively for the occurrence of shivering and time taken to control shivering after administration of fentanyl and butorphanol drugs.

Results: Relief of shivering is rapid and more effective with fentanyl than butorphanol.

Attenuation of Cardiovascular Response to Direct Laryngoscopy and Intubation, Comparative Study of Lignocaine, Nifedipine, and Placebo During General Anesthesia.

Background/objective: The purpose of the study was to compare the attenuation of cardiovascular response to direct laryngoscopy and intubation using lignocaine, nifedipine, and placebo during general anesthesia.

Materials And Methods: This prospective study was done in sixty patients undergoing noncardiac surgeries of American Society of Anesthesiologists health status Class I and II between the age groups of 18-60 years. They were randomly divided into three groups of 20 each (lignocaine group, nifedipine group, and placebo group) and cardiovascular response (heart rate [HR] and blood pressure [BP]) to direct laryngoscopy and intubation were compared.

A Rare Case of Multiple Rice Bodies in Glenohumeral Joint, Subscapular Recess and Along Long Head of Biceps.

Introduction: Synovial chondromatosis is a rare, generally benign condition which affects the synovial membranes and commonly involves the large joints such as the knee, and hip. It is usually mono-articular and more common in males. Synovial chondromatosis is characterized by the presence of multiple cartilaginous nodules in the joint synovium.

Effect of adding clonidine to intrathecal bupivacaine on the quality of subarachnoid block: A prospective randomized double-blind study.

Context: The purpose of adding an adjuvant to local anesthetic in a central neuraxial blockade is to augment the desirable pharmacological actions of the agent and/or to minimize its undesirable pharmacological effects. Clonidine is an alfa-2 receptor agonist which has gained popularity in recent times as an adjuvant in spinal anesthesia.

Aims: To evaluate the influence of clonidine on the hemodynamic stability and the duration of anesthesia when added to intrathecal hyperbaric bupivacaine.

Paired Colloid Cysts in the Third Ventricle.

Background: Colloid cyst is the most common neoplastic lesion of the third ventricle, and the occurrence of 2 colloid cysts in the ventricular system is rare.

Case Report: We present a 35 year old female patient with paired colloid cysts of the third ventricle who presented with obstructive hydrocephalus and were treated surgically with the transcallosal interhemispheric transforaminal approach. Until now only 3 patients of dual or paired colloid cysts of different ventricles were reported.

Utility of Bacillary Index in Slit Skin Smears in Correlation with Clinical and Histopathological Alterations in Hansen's Disease: An Attempt to Revive a Simple Useful Procedure.

Leprosy, a relatively common chronic contagious disease having diverse modes of clinical presentation, can mimic a variety of unrelated diseases. For proper and adequate treatment, the diagnosis must be made accurately with subtyping which should be done with the help of bacillary index, histopathological features, and clinical correlation. This is extremely important in patient care as paucibacillary and multibacillary types have different modes of treatment.

Parietal pilomyxoid astrocytoma with recurrence in 10 months: A case report and review of literature.

Pilomyxoid astrocytoma (PMA) is a new entity described in WHO 2007 classification of brain tumors. Pilocytic astrocytoma (PA) and PMA share many histopathological features with a few differences in histopathology and behavior of the tumor. This tumor is commonly located in the hypothalamic chiasmatic region.

Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma with anaplastic features: A rare case report and review of literature with reference to current management.

Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (PXA) is an uncommon tumor constitutes less than 1% of all astrocytic glial neoplasms was first reported in 1979. PXA commonly occurs in young patients and manifests itself first as seizures followed by focal neurological deficits. The role of radiotherapy or chemotherapy has not yet been established because of the relative infrequency of this disease.

The role of intraoperative scrape cytology in vertebroplasty.

Aims: To assess the adequacy of intraoperative scrape cytology during percutaneous vertebroplasty by correlating results with corresponding histopathology.

Settings And Design: Vertebroplasty is a procedure increasingly used to treat painful vertebral compression fractures. The history and presentation of osteoporotic fractures are straightforward, but difficulty arises in differentiating infective from neoplastic lesions, especially in cases where the magnetic resonance imaging is equivocal.

Comparison of preoperative rectal paracetamol with paracetamol - diclofenac combination for postoperative analgesia in pediatric surgeries under general anesthesia.

Context: Traditionally, pain in children is a topic that has received only minimal attention. However, in the recent times, considerable progress has been made in the field of neonatal and pediatric pharmacology. The concept of preemptive analgesia is important in combating postoperative pain in children.

Comparison of GlideScope video laryngoscope with Macintosh laryngoscope in adult patients undergoing elective surgical procedures.

Background: GlideScope (GS) is a video laryngoscope that allows a real-time view of the glottis and endotracheal intubation. It provides a better view of the larynx without the need for alignment of the airway axes.

Aim: This prospective randomized comparative study is designed to compare the intubation time, hemodynamic response, and complications associated with intubation using a GS or Macintosh laryngoscope (ML) in adult subjects undergoing elective surgical procedures.