653 results match your criteria: "NRC "Kurchatov Institute"[Affiliation]"

The use of 3D-printed gene-activated bone grafts represents a highly promising approach in the fields of dentistry and orthopedics. Bioresorbable poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) scaffolds, infused with adenoviral constructs that carry osteoinductive factor genes, may provide an effective alternative to existing bone grafts for the reconstruction of extensive bone defects. This study aims to develop and investigate the properties of 3D scaffolds composed of PLGA and adenoviral constructs carrying the BMP2 gene (Ad-BMP2), both in vitro and in vivo.

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Amoebozoa is a group of single-celled organisms that change their shape during locomotion. However, there is a taxon-specific complex of morphological characters inherent in the moving amoebae, known as locomotive forms. Actin is one of the proteins most important for amoeboid movement that, together with actin-binding proteins, construct the architecture of the cytoskeleton in the amoeboid cells.

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Background: The lack of effective therapy for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease demands both the search for new drugs and the reconsideration of already known substances currently used in other areas of medicine. Drosophila melanogaster offers the potential to model features of Alzheimer's disease, study disease mechanisms, and conduct drug screening.

Objectives: The purpose of this work was to analyze the neuroprotective properties of the drug "carnicetine", which is an acetylated form of the natural low molecular weight compound L-carnitine.

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Within the framework of the presented work, the results of large-scale studies of the content of TFWT in wild plants growing in an area with an underground source of tritium are presented. Various types of plants were studied: herbaceous, shrubby, woody. The concentration of TFWT in various vegetative organs of the same plants was analyzed separately.

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Using the self-consistent field approach, we studied the salt-controlled vertical segregation of mixed polymer brushes immersed into a selective solvent. We considered brushes containing two types of chains: polyelectrolyte (charged) chains and neutral chains. The hydrophobicity of both types of chains is characterized by the Flory-Huggins parameters χC and χN, respectively.

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Chiral Dichroism in Resonant Metasurfaces with Monoclinic Lattices.

Phys Rev Lett

November 2024

Nonlinear Physics Center, Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia.

We demonstrate that chiral response can be achieved in resonant metasurfaces with a monoclinic lattice symmetry (the so-called Bravais oblique lattices) where the mirror symmetry is broken by the lattice asymmetry and also by a substrate, whereas each individual meta-atom remains fully achiral. We describe the underlying physics by introducing a mode chirality parameter as a quantitative measure of the lattice chiral eigenmodes. We confirm experimentally selective linear and nonlinear chiral interaction of resonant silicon metasurfaces with circularly polarized light.

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Polyelectrolyte brush in a cylindrical pore: A Poisson-Boltzmann theory.

J Chem Phys

November 2024

CNRS, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour UMR 5254, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux, Pau, France.

The conformation of a polyelectrolyte (PE) brush grafted to the inner surface of a long cylindrical mesopore was described within analytical Poisson-Boltzmann strong stretching approximation. The internal structure of the PE brush, including brush thickness and radial density profile of monomer units, and radial distribution of electrostatic potential were analyzed as functions of the pore radius, degree of polymerization, and grafting density of the brush-forming PE chains as well as ionic strength of the solution. It is demonstrated that narrowing of the pore leads to a non-monotonous variation of the brush thickness, which passes through a maximum when the brush thickness becomes equal to the pore radius.

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The radius of gyration, Rg, and the hydrodynamic radius, Rh, are the main experimental parameters that characterize the size of linear and branched macromolecules. In the case of dendrimers in solution, the ratio Rg/Rh, depending on the global conformation, varies from 1 (for a Gaussian soft sphere) to 3/5 (for a hard sphere). However, for high-generation dendrimers, this ratio may be less than the limiting value for a hard sphere.

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Targeted drug delivery for primary brain tumors, particularly gliomas, is currently a promising approach to reduce patient relapse rates. The use of substitutable scaffolds, which enable the sustained release of clinically relevant doses of anticancer medications, offers the potential to decrease the toxic burden on the patient's organism while also enhancing their quality of life and overall survival. Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) are being actively explored as promising agents for detection and monitoring of tumor growth, and as therapeutic agents that can provide isolated therapeutic effects and enhance standard chemotherapy.

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It has been generally accepted that heterochromatin is represented by a regular, dense and closed structure, while euchromatin is open and sparse. Recent evidence indicates that chromatin is comprised of irregular nucleosome clutches compacted within the nucleus. Transcriptional events transform the chromatin architecture, resulting in appearance of 100-300 nm nucleosomal aggregates.

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The scratch test is used as an experimental in vitro model of mechanical damage to primary neuronal cultures to study the mechanisms of cell death in damaged areas. The involvement of NMDA receptors in processes leading to delayed neuronal death, due to calcium dysregulation and synchronous mitochondrial depolarization, has been previously demonstrated. In this study, we explored the neuroregenerative potential of Pro-Gly-Pro (PGP)-an endogenous regulatory peptide with neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory properties and a mild chemoattractant effect.

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The accelerator-driven subcritical system (ADS) is a competitive option for next-generation nuclear energy systems. Production cross sections of long-lived residual radioactive nuclides in a proton-nuclide reaction are basic quantities for the calculation of accumulated radioactivity in the use of ADS systems. This work presents the production cross sections of Rh and Ag in a natural lead (Pb) target activated by 400 MeV protons.

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Conductive polymer composites (CPCs) with nanocarbon fillers are at the high end of modern materials science, advancing current electronic applications. Herein, we establish the interplay between the chemistry and electrophysical properties of reduced graphene oxide (rGO), separately and as a filler for CPCs with the segregated structure conferred by the chemical composition of the initial graphene oxide (GO). A set of experimental methods, namely X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, van der Paw and temperature-dependent sheet resistance measurements, along with dielectric spectroscopy, are employed to thoroughly examine the derived materials.

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The antimicrobial resistance crisis along with challenges of antimicrobial discovery revealed the vital necessity to develop new antibiotics. Many of the animal proline-rich antimicrobial peptides (PrAMPs) inhibit the process of bacterial translation. Genome projects allowed to identify immune-related genes encoding animal host defense peptides.

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The increasing structural complexity and downscaling of modern nanodevices require continuous development of structural characterization techniques that support R&D and manufacturing processes. This work explores the capability of laboratory characterization of periodic planar nanostructures using 3D X-ray standing waves as a promising method for reconstructing atomic profiles of planar nanostructures. The non-destructive nature of this metrology technique makes it highly versatile and particularly suitable for studying various types of samples.

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Searches for new physics below twice the electron mass with GERDA.

Eur Phys J C Part Fields

September 2024

Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland.

Article Synopsis
  • A search for dark matter candidates in the mass range of 65 to 1021 keV was conducted using data from the GERDA experiment, focusing on energy depositions without detecting any significant signals above background noise.
  • The study established stringent exclusion limits on dark photon and axion-like particle interactions with electrons, with specific constraints noted at a 150 keV mass level.
  • Additional investigations into the decay rates of nucleons and electrons yielded lower lifetime limits for neutron, proton, and electron decay events at a 90% confidence interval.
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Photoprocesses in Bis-Diethylamino Derivatives of 1,4- and 1,3-Distyrylbenzene.

Molecules

August 2024

NRC "Kurchatov Institute", Kurchatov Complex of Crystallography and Photonics, Photochemistry Center, Novatorov Str. 7A-1, Moscow 119421, Russia.

The photoprocesses of diethylamino derivatives of 1,4- and 1,3-distyrylbenzenes in MeCN were studied using absorption, luminescence, H NMR, and laser kinetic spectroscopy. Compounds and undergo intersystem crossing to the triplet state and exhibit delayed fluorescence. It was concluded that dye radical anions and radical cations are formed upon dismutation of the triplet state in the presence of an electron donor or acceptor.

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Uncovering chemical homology of superheavy elements: a close look at astatine.

Phys Chem Chem Phys

September 2024

Department of Chemistry, Oakland University, 146 Library Drive, Rochester, Michigan 48309, USA.

The fascination with superheavy elements (SHE) spans the nuclear physics, astrophysics, and theoretical chemistry communities. Extreme relativistic effects govern these elements' chemistry and challenge the traditional notion of the periodic law. The experimental quest for SHE critically depends on theoretical predictions of these elements' properties, especially chemical homology, which allows for successful prototypical experiments with more readily available lighter homologues of SHE.

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An innovative software with a user-friendly interface for calculation of differential phase contrast (DPC) scanning transmission electron microscopy images (integrated iDPC- and differentiated dDPC-STEM) is presented. The underlying algorithm is described and the program functionalities are demonstrated on the examples of LiOsO, α-GaO, and LiCoO. The software supports interpretation of DPC-STEM images, which is crucial for qualitative and quantitative analysis of crystal structures and defects.

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Two ranges of dielectric permittivity () increase in polymer composites upon the modification of BaTiO filler with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are shown for the first time. The first increase in permittivity is observed at low MWCNT content in the composite (approximately 0.07 vol.

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Uncovering Maximum Chirality in Resonant Nanostructures.

Nano Lett

August 2024

Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, 230027 Hefei, China.

Article Synopsis
  • Chiral nanostructures can enhance optical responses, but their design often depends on trial-and-error or complex simulations; a clear strategy has been elusive.
  • This study proposes a new microscopic theory highlighting the importance of reactive helicity density for achieving maximum chirality in resonant nanostructures.
  • The research demonstrates this concept using planar photonic crystals and metasurfaces, providing a framework for creating highly chiral photonic structures, which could advance technologies in chiral sensing and quantum optics.
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Article Synopsis
  • - Elys/Mel-28 is a nucleoporin (Nup) that connects decondensing chromatin with nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) after mitosis, but its role during interphase is unclear.
  • - Research using DamID-seq in Drosophila embryos identified different Elys binding sites within active or inactive chromatin, revealing its interaction with nucleoplasmic and NPC-linked forms.
  • - Knocking down Elys in S2 cells causes chromatin to move away from the nuclear envelope, leading to gene derepression, while also compacting active chromatin regions, suggesting Elys helps anchor peripheral chromatin to the nuclear envelope.
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In orbital and ground-based experiments, it has been demonstrated that ionizing radiation (IR) can stimulate the locomotor and exploratory activity of rodents, but the underlying mechanism of this phenomenon remains undisclosed. Here, we studied the effect of combined IR (0.4 Gy γ-rays and 0.

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This paper presents findings from a spaceborne Earth observation experiment utilizing a novel, ultra-compact hyperspectral imaging camera aboard a 3U CubeSat. Leveraging the Offner optical scheme, the camera's hyperspectrometer captures hyperspectral images of terrestrial regions with a 200 m spatial resolution and 12 nanometer spectral resolution across a 400 to 1000 nanometer wavelength range, covering 150 channels in the visible and near-infrared spectrums. The hyperspectrometer is specifically designed for deployment on a 3U CubeSat nanosatellite platform, featuring a robust all-metal cylindrical body of the hyperspectrometer, and a coaxial arrangement of the optical elements ensures optimal compactness and vibration stability.

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