Gold nanoparticles supported on aldehyde-functionalized chitin nanocrystals as efficient catalysts in environmental catalysis.

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with ultra-small size anchored onto support materials is highly desired towards good catalytic performance. In this study, aldehyde-functionalized chitin nanocrystals (ChNCs-PVMA) are prepared by surface-initiated electron transfer atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ARGET ATRP) with vanillin methacrylate (VMA) as a functional monomer, which are used as reductant, stabilizer and support for the fabrication of AuNPs through an environmentally friendly process that eliminates the need for any additional reducing agents. The abundant aldehyde groups of the prepared ChNCs-PVMA are crucial to achieve ultra-small AuNPs with average size of 5.

Comprehensive multi-omics, behavioral and morphological analysis of the hazards of nano-plastics in mice with internal carotid artery occlusion.

Accumulation of nanoplastics (NPs) poses a severe threat to the homeostasis of the internal environment in patients with chronic diseases. The effects of NP contamination on health in chronically ill populations must urgently be elucidated. In this study, NPs injected via the tail vein were distributed in the brain and internal organs in a mouse model of chronic internal carotid occlusion.

A comparison between different chemical fractionation methods for immunoglobulin preparation.

Background: Application of antibodies in therapeutics and diagnostics are growing Continually. Herein, we aimed to find the most qualified immunoglobulin (Ig) chemical preparation method.

Methods: A rabbit was immunized against recombinant SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (NP) and reactive polyclonal antibodies were prepared using the ammonium sulfate (AS), caprylic acid (CA), polyethylene glycol (PEG), and caprylic acid/ammonium sulfate (CA/AS) methods.

Metal nanoparticles entrapment in chitosan-carbon black composite hydrogel towards sustainable environmental solutions.

A catalytic system has been developed, utilizing metal nanoparticles confined within a chitosan‑carbon black composite hydrogel (M-CH/CB), aimed at improving ease of use and recovery in catalytic processes. The M-CH/CBs were characterized by XPS, XRD, SEM, and EDX, the M-CH/CB system demonstrated exceptional catalytic activity in producing hydrogen gas (H) from water and methanol, and in reducing several hazardous materials including 2-nitrophenol (2-NP), 4-nitrophenol (4-NP), 2,6-dinitrophenol (2,6-DNP), acridine orange (ArO), methyl orange (MO), congo red (CR), methylene blue (MB), and potassium ferricyanide (PFC). Among the tested nanocatalysts, CH/CB showed the highest efficiency for H₂ production, while Fe-CH/CB excelled in contaminant reduction (7.

Alterations of subcortical structural volume in pediatric bipolar disorder patients with and without psychotic symptoms.

Background: Pediatric bipolar disorder (PBD) with psychotic symptoms may predict more severe impairment in social functioning, but the underlying biological mechanisms remain unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate alterations in subcortical structural volume in PBD with and without psychotic symptoms.

Methods: We recruited 24 psychotic PBD (P-PBD) patients, 24 non-psychotic PBD (NP-PBD) patients, and 18 healthy controls (HCs).

pH-sensitive phthalocyanine-loaded polymeric nanoparticles as a novel treatment strategy for breast cancer.

Novel pH-sensitive polymeric photosensitizer carriers from the phthalocyanine (Pc) group were investigated as potential photodynamic therapy drugs for the treatment of breast cancer. Their high antiproliferative activity was confirmed by photocytotoxicity studies, which indicated their high efficacy and specificity toward the SK-BR-3 cell line. Importantly, the Pcs encapsulated in the polymeric nanoparticle (NP) carrier exhibited a much better penetration into the acidic environment of tumor cells than their free form.

Does Cranial Base Angle Make a Difference in the Effectiveness of Functional Orthopedic Treatment? A Retrospective Cohort Study.

The literature suggests that the cranial base angle is considered one of the contributing factors to sagittal jaw malpositions when its relationship with the viscerocranium is examined. Our study aims to compare and evaluate the outcomes of fixed functional orthopedic treatment in patients with mandibular retrognathia across different cranial base groups. Participants were treated at Erciyes University with fixed functional appliances and categorized by CBA into low (<130°), medium (130°-134°), and high (>134°) groups.

Effects of Automated Versus Conventional Ventilation on Quality of Oxygenation-A Substudy of a Randomized Crossover Clinical Trial.

: Attaining adequate oxygenation in critically ill patients undergoing invasive ventilation necessitates intense monitoring through pulse oximetry (SpO) and frequent manual adjustments of ventilator settings like the fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO) and the level of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP). Our aim was to compare the quality of oxygenation with the use of automated ventilation provided by INTELLiVENT-Adaptive Support Ventilation (ASV) vs. ventilation that is not automated, i.

Cellular Response of Immune Cells in the Upper Respiratory Tract After Treatment with Cold Atmospheric Plasma In Vitro.

Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) has antimicrobial properties and is also known to stimulate the immune system. These properties could be useful for the development of a novel therapeutic or preventive strategy against respiratory infections in the upper respiratory tract (URT) such as ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) without inducing an immune overreaction. This study investigated the cellular responses of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) after exposure to CAP in a three-dimensional (3D) model of the URT.

Developing Allosteric Chaperones for -Associated Disorders-An Integrated Computational and Experimental Approach.

Mutations in the gene, which encodes the lysosomal enzyme glucocerebrosidase (GCase), are associated with Gaucher disease and increased risk of Parkinson's disease. This study describes the discovery and characterization of novel allosteric pharmacological chaperones for GCase through an innovative computational approach combined with experimental validation. Utilizing virtual screening and structure-activity relationship optimization, researchers identified several compounds that significantly enhance GCase activity and stability across various cellular models, including patient-derived fibroblasts and neuronal cells harboring mutations.

Clinical Characteristics of Neuropathic Pain and Its Relationship with Cancer in Different Corporal Areas-A Systematic Review.

Neuropathic pain (NP) and cancer are caused by nerve damage due to cancer or treatments such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery, with a prevalence that can reach up to 40%. Causes of neuropathic cancer pain (NCP) include direct nerve invasion or compression by the tumor, as well as neural toxicity associated with treatments. This type of pain is classified into several categories, such as plexopathy, radiculopathy, and peripheral neuropathies.

Response of Crop Yield and Productivity Contribution Rate to Long-Term Different Fertilization in Northeast of China.

To reveal the changes in crop yield and contribution rate of black soil productivity under long-term different fertilization conditions in black soil areas and to find the important significance of fertilization for sustainable and stable crop yield, high yield, and improving the contribution rate of black soil nutrients. Based on the long-term experiment of black soil fertility in Harbin, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, under the maize-wheat-soybean rotation system, crop yield, sustainability and stability of yield, the contribution rate of black soil productivity, and natural nutrient supply capacity under 10 fertilization treatments (CK, NP, NK, PK, NPK, M, MNP, MNK, MPK, and MNPK) were analyzed. Results showed that, compared with the treatment of chemical fertilizer, yields of maize, wheat, and soybeans increased under treatment of organic fertilizer combined with chemical fertilizer, among which the yields of maize and wheat changed the most.

Synergistic Effect of Sugarcane Bagasse and Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Eco-Remediation of Cadmium-Contaminated Saline Soils in Wheat Cultivation.

Soil contamination with cadmium (Cd) and salinity poses a significant challenge, affecting crop health and productivity. This study explores the combined application of sugarcane bagasse (SCB) and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) to mitigate the toxic effects of Cd and salinity in wheat plants. Field experiments conducted in Cd-contaminated saline soils revealed that the application of SCB (0, 5, and 10 t ha) and ZnO NPs (0, 12.

Phosphogypsum as Fertilizer: Impacts on Soil Fertility, Barley Yield Components, and Heavy Metals Contents.

According to the FAO, 828 million people were facing acute food insecurity in 2021. Fertilization is a critical input factor in crop production and food security achievement. Therefore, fertilization is a critical input factor in crop production and food security achievement.

Improving Soybean Germination and Nodule Development with Nitric Oxide-Releasing Polymeric Nanoparticles.

Nitric oxide (NO) is a multifunctional signaling molecule in plants, playing key roles in germination, microbial symbiosis, and nodule formation. However, its instability requires innovative approaches, such as using nanoencapsulated NO donors, to prolong its effects. This study evaluated the impact of treating soybean () seeds with the NO donor S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), encapsulated in polymeric nanoparticles, on the germination, nodulation, and plant growth.

Anisotropic Microparticles with a Controllable Structure via Soap-Free Seeded Emulsion Polymerization.

Anisotropic particles have a wide range of applications in materials science such as emulsion stabilization, oil-water separation, and catalysis due to their asymmetric structure and properties. Nevertheless, designing and synthesizing large quantities of anisotropic particles with controlled morphologies continue to present considerable challenges. In this study, we successfully synthesized anisotropic microspheres using a soap-free seed emulsion polymerization method.

Prognostic role of the pathological status following neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and surgery in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: In this study, we retrospectively examined the prognostic significance of the pathological status of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients following neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NCRT) and surgery.

Methods: Data of patients with cT2-4aN0-3 stage ESCC who underwent NCRT and esophagectomy during 2014-2022 were reviewed retrospectively. Survival differences were compared according to revised TN (rTN) stage (ypT0N0, ypT + N0, ypT0N+, and ypT + N+) using univariate and Cox regression analyses.

Cu-tolerant Klebsiella variicola SRB-4 increased the nanoparticle (NP) stress resilience in garden peas (Pisum sativum L.) raised in soil polluted with varying doses of copper oxide (CuO)-NP.

Utilizing metal/nanoparticle (NP)- tolerant plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) is a sustainable and eco-friendly approach for remediation of NP-induced phytotoxicity. Here, Pisum sativum (L.) plants co-cultivated with different CuO-NP concentrations exhibited reduced growth, leaf pigments, yield attributes, and increased oxidative stress levels.

Amplification of benzo[a]pyrene toxicity persistence in earthworms by polystyrene nanoplastics: From organismal health to molecular responses.

Typically, nanoplastics (NPs) are contaminated before entering soil, and the impact of NPs on the biotoxicity of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) they carry remains unclear. This study simulated two environmentally relevant scenarios: singular exposure of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) in soil and exposure via NPs loading (NP-BaP). Correlation analysis and machine learning revealed that injury in earthworms exposed for 28 days was significantly associated with NPs.

A Susceptible Cell-Selective Delivery (SCSD) of mRNA-Encoded Cas13d Against Influenza Infection.

To bolster the capacity for managing potential infectious diseases in the future, it is critical to develop specific antiviral drugs that can be rapidly designed and delivered precisely. Herein, a CRISPR/Cas13d system for broad-spectrum targeting of influenza A virus (IAV) from human, avian, and swine sources is designed, incorporating Cas13d mRNA and a tandem CRISPR RNA (crRNA) specific for the highly conserved regions of viral polymerase acidic (PA), nucleoprotein (NP), and matrix (M) gene segments, respectively. Given that the virus targets cells with specific receptors but is not limited to a single organ, a Susceptible Cell Selective Delivery (SCSD) system is developed by modifying a lipid nanoparticle with a peptide mimicking the function of the hemagglutinin of influenza virus to target sialic acid receptors.

The Relationship of Th/Th Cytokine Polarization at Parturition in Cows and SOCS3 Level With Some Postpartum Diseases.

Th/Th polarisation and suppressor of cytokine signalling-3 (SOCS3) are important indicators of the humoral and cellular immune system activity in cows. The aim of this study was to determine the correlation of postpartum diseases with the levels of Th/Th polarisation and SOCS3 at the time of parturition. The study examined 180 cows (90 with normal parturition [NP] and 90 with dystocia [D]).

Intestinal Barrier Damage and Growth Retardation Caused by Exposure to Polystyrene Nanoplastics Through Lactation Milk in Developing Mice.

Microplastics, defined as plastic fragments smaller than 5 mm, degrade from larger pollutants, with nanoscale microplastic particles presenting significant biological interactions. This study investigates the toxic effects of polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NPs) on juvenile mice, which were exposed through lactation milk and drinking water at concentrations of 0.01 mg/mL, 0.

Interactions Between Potentially Toxic Nanoparticles (Cu, CuO, ZnO, and TiO) and the Cyanobacterium : Biological Adaptations to Xenobiotics.

(1) Background: The widespread use of nanoparticles (NPs) implies their inevitable contact with living organisms, including aquatic microorganisms, making it essential to understand the effects and consequences of this interaction. Understanding the adaptive responses and biochemical changes in microalgae and cyanobacteria under NP-induced stress is essential for developing biotechnological strategies that optimize biomolecule production while minimizing potential toxicity. This study aimed to evaluate the interactions between various potentially toxic nanoparticles and the cyanobacterial strain , focusing on the biological adaptations and biochemical mechanisms that enable the organism to withstand xenobiotic exposure.