Divergent responses of plant multi-element coupling to nitrogen and phosphorus addition in a meadow steppe.

The intricate biogeochemical cycling of multiple elements plays a pivotal role in upholding a myriad of ecosystem functions. However, our understanding of elemental stoichiometry and coupling in response to global changes remains primarily limited to plant carbon: nitrogen: phosphorus (C: N: P). Here, we assessed the responses of 11 elements in plants from different functional groups to global changes.

Proteomic analysis of Trichoderma harzianum secretome and their role in the biosynthesis of zinc/iron oxide nanoparticles.

The fungal green synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) has gained great interest since it is a cost-effective and easy handling method. The process is simple because fungi secrete metabolites and proteins capable of reducing metal salts in aqueous solution, however the mechanism remains largely unknown. The aim of this study was to analyze the secretome of a Trichoderma harzianum strain during the mycobiosynthesis process of zinc and iron nanoparticles.

Berberine decorated zinc oxide loaded chitosan nanoparticles a potent anti cancer agent against breast cancer.

Breast cancer ranks as the second leading reason of cancer mortality among females globally, emphasizing the critical need for novel anticancer treatments. In current work, berberine-zinc oxide conjugated chitosan nanoparticles were synthesized and characterized using various characterization techniques. The cytotoxic effects of CS-ZnO-Ber NPs on MCF-7 cells were assessed using the MTT assay.

MUC1 and glycan probing of CA19-9 captured biomarkers from cyst fluids and serum provides enhanced recognition of ovarian cancer.

Glycosylation changes of circulating proteins carrying the CA19-9 antigen may offer new targets for detection methods to be explored for the diagnosis of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Search for assay designs for targets initially captured by a CA19-9 antigen reactive antibody from human body fluids by probing with fluorescent nanoparticles coated with lectins or antibodies to known EOC associated proteins. CA19-9 antigens were immobilized from ascites fluids, ovarian cyst fluids or serum samples using monoclonal antibody C192 followed by probing of carrier proteins using anti-MUC16, anti-MUC1 and, anti STn antibodies and seven lectins, all separately coated on nanoparticles.

Neuropsychiatric manifestations in systemic lupus erythematosus and Sjogren's disease.

Introduction: Autoimmune diseases often present in a systemic manner, affecting various organs and tissues. Involvement of the central and peripheral nervous system is not uncommon in these conditions and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Therefore, early recognition of the neuropsychiatric manifestations associated with rheumatologic diseases is essential for the introduction of appropriate therapies with the objective of providing a better quality of life for individuals.

Energy metabolism, antioxidant defense system, metal transport, and ion homeostasis are key contributors to Cd tolerance in SSSL derived from wild rice.

Cadmium (Cd) toxicity poses major challenges to rice cultivation, affecting plant growth and development. Wild rice and nanoparticles offer promising strategies to enhance Cd tolerance, yet little is known about their combined effects. This study evaluates the single segment substitution line (SG004) from Oryza glumaepatula (wild rice) and its response to Cd stress compared to cultivated rice (HJX74).

Physiological and behavioral effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticle exposure on stingless bee foragers.

Bee population decline is associated with various stressors, including exposure to pollutants. Among these, titanium dioxide (TiO), an emerging nanoparticle (NP) pollutant, potentially affects living organisms, including bees. This study evaluates the impact of TiO NPs ingestion (1.

Incidental nanoparticle characterisation in industrial settings to support risk assessment modelling.

Research on nanoparticle (NP) release and potential exposure can be assessed through experimental field campaigns, laboratory simulations, and prediction models. However, risk assessment models are typically designed for manufactured NP (MNP) and have not been adapted for incidental NP (INP) properties. A notable research gap is identifying NP sources and their chemical, physical, and toxicological properties, especially in real-world settings.

How do trees fail in intraspecific competition? A test for the roles of non-structural carbohydrates and stoichiometries in Pinus massoniana.

Competition is ubiquitous and an important driver of tree mortality. Non-structural carbohydrates (NSCs, including soluble sugars and starch) and C-N-P stoichiometries are affected by the competitive status of trees and, in turn, physiologically determine tree growth and survival in competition. However, the physiological mechanisms behind tree mortality caused by intraspecific competition remain unclear.

Evaluation of anticancer activity of urotropine surface modified iron oxide nanoparticles using a panel of forty breast cancer cell lines.

Urotropine, an antibacterial agent to treat urinary tract bacterial infections, can be also considered as a repurposed drug with formaldehyde-mediated anticancer activity. Recently, we have synthesized urotropine surface modified iron oxide nanoparticles (URO@FeO NPs) with improved colloidal stability and limited cytotoxicity against human fibroblasts. In the present study, we have investigated URO@FeO NP-mediated responses in a panel of forty phenotypically different breast cancer cell lines along with three non-cancerous corresponding cell lines.

Establishment of Recombinant Gene Rabies Virus SRV and Identification of Its Biological Characteristics.

Canids act as a crucial intermediary in the transmission of rabies and , serving as co-infection hosts and pathogen carriers for both rabies and hydatid disease (HD) transmitted from animals to humans. Therefore, an effective and efficient bivalent oral vaccine for preventing HD and rabies is urgently required to reduce economic losses in husbandry resulting from rabies and HD. In this study, a full-length plasmid (pcDNA4-NPM+G+EgM123+eGFP+L) carrying the gene and fluorescence reporter genes of eGFP and four auxiliary transfection plasmids of rabies virus SRV (pcDNA4-N, pcDNA4-P, pcDNA4-G, pcDNA-L) were established by reverse genetics approaches and co-transfected to BSR cells by electrotransfection.

Alginate Hydrogel Beads with a Leakproof Gold Shell for Ultrasound-Triggered Release.

Focused ultrasound has advantages as an external stimulus for drug delivery as it is non-invasive, has high precision and can penetrate deep into tissues. Here, we report a gold-plated alginate (ALG) hydrogel system that retains highly water-soluble small-molecule fluorescein for sharp off/on release after ultrasound exposure. The ALG is crosslinked into beads with calcium chloride and layered with a polycation to adjust the surface charge for the adsorption of catalytic platinum nanoparticles (Pt NPs).

Curcumin-Based Nanoparticles: Advancements and Challenges in Tumor Therapy.

Curcumin, a bioactive compound derived from the rhizome of L., has garnered significant attention for its potent anticancer properties. Despite its promising therapeutic potential, its poor bioavailability, rapid metabolism, and low water solubility hinder curcumin's clinical application.

Scalable Manufacturing Method for Model Protein-Loaded PLGA Nanoparticles: Biocompatibility, Trafficking and Release Properties.

: Drug delivery systems (DDSs) offer efficient treatment solutions to challenging diseases such as central nervous system (CNS) diseases by bypassing biological barriers such as the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Among DDSs, polymeric nanoparticles (NPs), particularly poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) NPs, hold an outstanding position due to their biocompatible and biodegradable qualities. Despite their potential, the translation of PLGA NPs from laboratory-scale production to clinical applications remains a significant challenge.

Neuroprotective Effect of Melatonin Loaded in Human Serum Albumin Nanoparticles Applied Subconjunctivally in a Retinal Degeneration Animal Model.

Background/objectives: Neurodegenerative ocular diseases, such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and glaucoma, represent growing public health concerns. Oxidative stress plays a key role in their development, damaging retinal cells and accelerating disease progression. Melatonin (Mel) is a potent antioxidant with neuroprotective properties; however, it faces limitations such as low solubility.

T14diLys/DOPE Liposomes: An Innovative Option for siRNA-Based Gene Knockdown?

Background/objectives: Bringing small interfering RNA (siRNA) into the cell cytosol to achieve specific gene silencing is an attractive but also very challenging option for improved therapies. The first step for successful siRNA delivery is the complexation with a permanent cationic or ionizable compound. This protects the negatively charged siRNA and enables transfection through the cell membrane.

Nano-Zinc Oxide Can Enhance the Tolerance of Apple Rootstock M9-T337 Seedlings to Saline Alkali Stress by Initiating a Variety of Physiological and Biochemical Pathways.

Soil salinization severely restricts the growth and development of crops globally, especially in the northwest Loess Plateau, where apples constitute a pillar industry. Nanomaterials, leveraging their unique properties, can facilitate the transport of nutrients to crops, thereby enhancing plant growth and development under stress conditions. To investigate the effects of nano zinc oxide (ZnO NP) on the growth and physiological characteristics of apple self-rooted rootstock M9-T337 seedlings under saline alkali stress, one-year-old M9-T337 seedlings were used as experimental materials and ZnO NPs were used as donors for pot experiment.

Effect of Hydrolysate Derived from Subcritical Seawater Treatment of Buckwheat Waste on the Growth of Lettuce ( L.).

This study explores the effects of a subcritical seawater treatment (SST) on buckwheat waste (BW), and the use of the hydrolysate as a liquid fertilizer to improve the growth of lettuce ( L.). Three temperature treatments (110 °C, 170 °C, 230 °C) were used for the SST, and the ionic composition in the seawater achieved the depolymerization and degradation of BW.

Minimizing Delay and Power Consumption at the Edge.

Edge computing systems must offer low latency at low cost and low power consumption for sensors and other applications, including the IoT, smart vehicles, smart homes, and 6G. Thus, substantial research has been conducted to identify optimum task allocation schemes in this context using non-linear optimization, machine learning, and market-based algorithms. Prior work has mainly focused on two methodologies: (i) formulating non-linear optimizations that lead to NP-hard problems, which are processed via heuristics, and (ii) using AI-based formulations, such as reinforcement learning, that are then tested with simulations.

A Fuzzy Control Strategy for Multi-Goal Autonomous Robot Navigation.

This paper addresses the complex problem of multi-goal robot navigation, framed as an NP-hard traveling salesman problem (TSP), in environments with both static and dynamic obstacles. The proposed approach integrates a novel path planning algorithm based on the Bump-Surface concept to optimize the shortest collision-free path among static obstacles, while a Genetic Algorithm (GA) is employed to determine the optimal sequence of goal points. To manage static or dynamic obstacles, two fuzzy controllers are developed: one for real-time path tracking and another for dynamic obstacle avoidance.

Delay-Sensitive Multi-Sensor Routing Scheduling Method for Underground IoT in Mines.

Recently, there has been a growing interest in underground construction safety, during activities such as subway construction, underground mining, and tunnel excavation. While Internet of Things (IoT) sensors help to monitor these conditions, large-scale deployment is limited by high power needs and complex tunnel layouts, making real-time response a critical challenge. A delay-sensitive multi-sensor multi-base-station routing scheduling method is proposed for the IoT in underground mining.

Reliability of Tracheal Temperature as a Measurement of Core Body Temperature During Cardiac Surgery Using Cardiopulmonary Bypass.

: To compare tracheal temperature (T) with nasopharyngeal temperature (T) in patients undergoing cardiac surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). : T was measured using a thermistor in the cuff of an endotracheal tube and T was monitored using an esophageal stethoscope. Depending on the management of the CPB strategy, the operation was divided into four periods (pre-CPB, cooling, rewarming, and post-CPB).

Differences in Nanoplastic Formation Behavior Between High-Density Polyethylene and Low-Density Polyethylene.

High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) and Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE) films were used to create nanoplastic (NP) models, with the shape of delamination occurring during degradation. In the case of HDPE, selective degradation occurred not only in the amorphous part, but also in the crystalline part at the same time. Some of the lamellae that extend radially to form the spherulite structure were missing during the 30-day degradation.

Human Serum Albumin and Human Serum Albumin Nanoparticles as Carriers of 10-(2'-Pyrimidyl)-3,6-diazaphenothiazine: In Vitro Spectroscopic Studies.

Human serum albumin (HSA) plays a fundamental role in the human body, including the transport of exogenous and endogenous substances. HSA is also a biopolymer with a great medical and pharmaceutical potential. Due to nontoxicity and biocompatibility, this protein can be used as a nanocarrier.

g-CN Modified with Metal Sulfides for Visible-Light-Driven Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Pollutants.

Graphitic carbon nitride (g-CN) proved to be a promising semiconductor for the photocatalytic degradation of various organic pollutants. However, its efficacy is limited by a fast electron hole recombination, a restricted quantity of active sites, and a modest absorption in the visible range. To overcome these limitations, g-CN-BiS and g-CN-ZnS composites were effectively produced utilizing a starch-assisted technique.