Differential effects of PGAM5 knockout on high fat high fructose diet and methionine choline-deficient diet induced non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in mice.

Background: Phosphoglycerate mutase 5 (PGAM5), a phosphatase involved in mitochondrial homeostasis, is reported to be closely related to the metabolic stress induced by high-fat diet (HFD) or cold. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of PGAM5 on hepatic steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH).

Methods And Results: We generated PGAM5 global knockout (GKO) mice and their wildtype (WT) littermates using CRISPR/CAS9.

Quality Control of 11 Cannabinoids by Ultraperformance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS).

Objective: Cannabinoid extraction from L. (hemp) for nonmedical purposes has become popular in the United States. Concerns, however, have been raised regarding the accuracy of the labels for cannabinoid levels in the commercial products.

The usefulness of ecotoxicological tools to improve the assessment of water bodies in a climate change reality.

This study aimed to analyse the added value of using ecotoxicological tools to complement and improve the assessment of natural water bodies status, in situations of climate change, with a higher frequency of extreme events as floods or droughts. Four water bodies of streams in the Guadiana Basin (Álamos, Amieira, Lucefécit, Zebro) were studied in 2017 and 2018 and classified based on the Water Framework Directive (WFD) parameters: Biological Quality Element - Phytobenthos (diatoms), General chemical and physicochemical elements, Specific pollutants, and Priority Substances. Complementarily, bioassays (including lethal and sublethal parameters) were carried out with organisms of different trophic levels: (i) the bacteria Aliivibrio fischeri; (ii) the microalgae Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata; (iii) the crustaceans Daphnia magna, Thamnocephalus platyurus and Heterocypris incongruens.

Hemes on a string: insights on the functional mechanisms of PgcA from Geobacter sulfurreducens.

Microbial extracellular reduction of insoluble compounds requires soluble electron shuttles that diffuse in the environment, freely diffusing cytochromes, or direct contact with cellular conductive appendages that release or harvest electrons to assure a continuous balance between cellular requirements and environmental conditions. In this work, we produced and characterized the three cytochrome domains of PgcA, an extracellular triheme cytochrome that contributes to Fe(III) and Mn(IV) oxides reduction in Geobacter sulfurreducens. The three monoheme domains are structurally homologous, but their heme groups show variable axial coordination and reduction potential values.

To flat or not to flat? Exploring the impact of flat-side design on rotary instruments using a comprehensive multimethod investigation.

Aim: To assess the influence of a flat-side design on the geometry, metallurgy, mechanical performance and shaping ability of a novel nickel-titanium rotary instrument.

Methodology: Sixty-five new 25-mm flat-side rotary instruments (size 25, taper 0.04) and their nonflat-side prototypes (n = 65) were assessed for major deformations and examined regarding macroscopic and microscopic design, determination of nickel and titanium elements ratio, measurement of phase transformation temperature and evaluation of mechanical performance parameters including time/cycles to fracture, maximum torque, angle of rotation, maximum bending and buckling strengths and cutting ability.

Impact of per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) on the marine environment: Raising awareness, challenges, legislation, and mitigation approaches under the One Health concept.

Per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) have long been known for their detrimental effects on the ecosystems and living organisms; however the long-term impact on the marine environment is still insufficiently recognized. Based on PFAS persistence and bioaccumulation in the complex marine food network, adverse effects will be exacerbated by global processes such as climate change and synergies with other pollutants, like microplastics. The range of fluorochemicals currently included in the PFAS umbrella has significantly expanded due to the updated OECD definition, raising new concerns about their poorly understood dynamics and negative effects on the ocean wildlife and human health.

Azimuthal correlations in Z +jets events in proton-proton collisions at .

The production of Z bosons associated with jets is measured in collisions at with data recorded with the CMS experiment at the LHC corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 36.3. The multiplicity of jets with transverse momentum is measured for different regions of the Z boson's , from lower than 10 to higher than 100.

Ammonia impact on the selection of a phototrophic - chemotrophic consortium for polyhydroxyalkanoates production under light-feast / dark-aerated-famine conditions.

Phototrophic polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) production is an emerging technology for recovering carbon and nutrients from diverse wastewater streams. However, reliable selection methods for the enrichment of PHA accumulating purple phototrophic bacteria (PPB) in phototrophic mixed cultures (PMC) are needed. This research evaluates the impact of ammonia on the selection of a PHA accumulating phototrophic-chemotrophic consortium, towards the enrichment of PHA accumulating PPB.

Herbicide and Cytogenotoxic Activity of Inclusion Complexes of Leaf Essential Oil and -Caryophyllene on 2-Hydroxypropyl--cyclodextrin.

The present investigation aimed to develop inclusion complexes (ICs) from (GAU) essential oil (EO) and its major compound -caryophyllene (-CAR), and to evaluate their herbicidal (against and ) and cytogenotoxic (on ) activities. The ICs were obtained using 2-hydroxypropyl--cyclodextrin (HPCD) and they were prepared to avoid or reduce the volatility and degradation of GAU EO and -CAR. The ICs obtained showed a complexation efficiency of 91.

Bringing Nitric Oxide to the Molybdenum World-A Personal Perspective.

Molybdenum-containing enzymes of the xanthine oxidase (XO) family are well known to catalyse oxygen atom transfer reactions, with the great majority of the characterised enzymes catalysing the insertion of an oxygen atom into the substrate. Although some family members are known to catalyse the "reverse" reaction, the capability to abstract an oxygen atom from the substrate molecule is not generally recognised for these enzymes. Hence, it was with surprise and scepticism that the "molybdenum community" noticed the reports on the mammalian XO capability to catalyse the oxygen atom abstraction of nitrite to form nitric oxide (NO).

Arabinoxylan from Corn Fiber Obtained through Alkaline Extraction and Membrane Purification: Relating Bioactivities with the Phenolic Compounds.

Arabinoxylan has prebiotic properties, as it is able to resist digestion in the small intestine and undergoes fermentation in the large intestine. In this work, arabinoxylan was extracted from corn fiber using an alkaline solution and further purified with membrane processing. It was found that the extracts were mainly composed of xylose (50-52%), arabinose (37-39%), galactose (9%) and glucose (1-4%), with an A/X ratio of 0.

Do microbes evade domestication? - Evaluating potential ferality among diastatic Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Certain lineages of the wine, beer and bread yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae have diastatic activity. They contain the chimeric gene STA1 that codes for an extracellular glucoamylase which enables the strains to degrade starch and dextrins. Beer contaminations by diastatic yeasts can be dangerous because they can cause super-attenuation due to the consumption of otherwise non-fermentable oligosaccharides, gushing and off-flavours.

Universal DNA methylation age across mammalian tissues.

Aging, often considered a result of random cellular damage, can be accurately estimated using DNA methylation profiles, the foundation of pan-tissue epigenetic clocks. Here, we demonstrate the development of universal pan-mammalian clocks, using 11,754 methylation arrays from our Mammalian Methylation Consortium, which encompass 59 tissue types across 185 mammalian species. These predictive models estimate mammalian tissue age with high accuracy (r > 0.

Approaching Ohmic Contacts for Ideal Monolayer MoS Transistors Through Sulfur-Vacancy Engineering.

Field-effect transistors (FETs) made of monolayer 2D semiconductors (e.g., MoS ) are among the basis of the future modern wafer chip industry.

Level of evidence supporting the Chinese cardiovascular disease clinical practice guidelines and its evolution in the past two decades.

Background: Clinical practice is guided by guidelines in the era of evidence-based medicine to improve healthcare. The consistency between the strength of recommendations and the underlying quality of evidence in clinical guidelines and its evolution dynamically reflects the status of medical practice in important aspects. This study aimed to evaluate the levels of evidence (LOEs) supporting different classes of recommendations (CORs) in Chinese cardiovascular disease (CVD) guidelines between 2003 and 2021, and changes over time.

Proteome-wide mendelian randomization identifies causal plasma proteins in venous thromboembolism development.

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified numerous risk loci for venous thromboembolism (VTE), but it is challenging to decipher the underlying mechanisms. We employed an integrative analytical pipeline to transform genetic associations to identify novel plasma proteins for VTE. Proteome-wide association studies (PWAS) were determined by functional summary-based imputation leveraging data from a genome-wide association analysis (14,429 VTE patients, 267,037 controls), blood proteomes (1348 cases), followed by Mendelian randomization, Bayesian colocalization, protein-protein interaction, and pathway enrichment analysis.

Predictors of Severity of Influenza-Related Hospitalizations: Results From the Global Influenza Hospital Surveillance Network (GIHSN).

Background: The Global Influenza Hospital Surveillance Network (GIHSN) has since 2012 provided patient-level data on severe influenza-like-illnesses from >100 participating clinical sites worldwide based on a core protocol and consistent case definitions.

Methods: We used multivariable logistic regression to assess the risk of intensive care unit admission, mechanical ventilation, and in-hospital death among hospitalized patients with influenza and explored the role of patient-level covariates and country income level.

Results: The data set included 73 121 patients hospitalized with respiratory illness in 22 countries, including 15 660 with laboratory-confirmed influenza.

Measurements of the Higgs boson production cross section and couplings in the W boson pair decay channel in proton-proton collisions at .

Production cross sections of the standard model Higgs boson decaying to a pair of W bosons are measured in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13. The analysis targets Higgs bosons produced via gluon fusion, vector boson fusion, and in association with a W or Z boson. Candidate events are required to have at least two charged leptons and moderate missing transverse momentum, targeting events with at least one leptonically decaying W boson originating from the Higgs boson.

Study on ancient green materials and technology used in Udaipur palace, India: an input to abate climate changes in modern construction.

The characteristics and potential for carbon dioxide capture and storage of the fifteenth-century lime mortar samples from City Palace, Udaipur, India, were studied. Physiochemical analysis followed by XRD, FTIR, TGA-DSC, and FE-SEM was performed. The findings demonstrate that calcium-rich eminently hydraulic mortars were used with a binder/aggregate (B/Ag) ratio of about 1:2.

In Vitro Antimicrobial Studies of Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles Comprising Anionic Ciprofloxacin Ionic Liquids and Organic Salts.

The combination of active pharmaceutical ingredients in the form of ionic liquids or organic salts (API-OSILs) with mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) as drug carriers can provide a useful tool in enhancing the capabilities of current antibiotics, especially against resistant strains of bacteria. In this publication, the preparation of a set of three nanomaterials based on the modification of a MSN surface with cholinium ([MSN-Chol][Cip]), 1-methylimidazolium ([MSN-1-MiM][Cip]) and 3-picolinium ([MSN-3-Pic][Cip]) ionic liquids coupled with anionic ciprofloxacin have been reported. All ionic liquids and functionalized nanomaterials were prepared through sustainable protocols, using microwave-assisted heating as an alternative to conventional methods.

Gellan Gum/Alginate Microparticles as Drug Delivery Vehicles: DOE Production Optimization and Drug Delivery.

Gellan gum is a biocompatible and easily accessible polysaccharide with excellent properties to produce microparticles as drug delivery systems. However, the production methods often fail in reproducibility, compromising the translational potential of such systems. In this work, the production of gellan gum-based microparticles was optimized using the coaxial air flow method, and an inexpensive and reproducible production method.

Novel Hydrogel Membranes Based on the Bacterial Polysaccharide FucoPol: Design, Characterization and Biological Properties.

FucoPol, a fucose-rich polyanionic polysaccharide, was used for the first time for the preparation of hydrogel membranes (HMs) using Fe as a crosslinking agent. This study evaluated the impact of Fe and FucoPol concentrations on the HMs' strength. The results show that, above 1.

The Biogenic Synthesis of Bimetallic Ag/ZnO Nanoparticles: A Multifunctional Approach for Methyl Violet Photocatalytic Degradation and the Assessment of Antibacterial, Antioxidant, and Cytotoxicity Properties.

In this study, bimetallic nanoparticles (NPs) of silver (Ag) and zinc oxide (ZnO) were synthesized using leaf extract for the first time. Monometallic NPs were also obtained for comparison. The characterization of the prepared NPs was carried out using various techniques, including UV-Visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD).