Environmental Conditions Modulate Warming Effects on Plant Litter Decomposition Globally.

Empirical studies worldwide show that warming has variable effects on plant litter decomposition, leaving the overall impact of climate change on decomposition uncertain. We conducted a meta-analysis of 109 experimental warming studies across seven continents, using natural and standardised plant material, to assess the overarching effect of warming on litter decomposition and identify potential moderating factors. We determined that at least 5.

Medically assisted integrated rehabilitation program for people with opioid dependence: a quasi-experimental evaluation using multi-criteria decision analysis.

Background: Opioid use disorders constitute a vast disease burden, need for comprehensive treatment, and substantial costs to individuals, families, and society. The multifaceted needs of people with opioid dependence call for integrated care. The study aims to assess the added value of an integrated medically assisted rehabilitation (MAR) program providing opioid agonist therapy for patients with opioid dependence as compared to the standard of care (SoC) in Norway.

Music medicine and music therapy in neonatal care: a scoping review of passive music listening research applications and findings on infant development and medical practice.

Background: In recent years, the use of music as a therapeutic and developmental tool for infants, especially within neonatal intensive care units (NICUs), has seen a surge in interest. Despite a growing body of research underscoring the potential benefits of music therapy and music medicine in enhancing infant development and aiding medical practices, the specific characteristics of music that maximize these benefits remain poorly understood.

Objectives: This scoping review aims to provide a comprehensive foundation by mapping the existing literature on passive music listening and identifying gaps, trends, and patterns that are crucial precursors to the development of best practices.

Borehole Optical Fibre Distributed Temperature Sensing vs. Manual Temperature Logging for Geothermal Condition Assessment: Results of the OptiSGE Project.

Geothermal energy is a crucial component contributing to the development of local thermal energy systems as a carbon-neutral and reliable energy source. Insights into its availability derive from knowledge of geology, hydrogeology and the thermal regime of the subsurface. This expertise helps to locate and monitor geothermal installations as well as observe diverse aspects of natural and man-made thermal effects.

Quantifying the Detection Sensitivity and Precision of qPCR and ddPCR Mechanisms for eDNA Samples.

Environmental DNA (eDNA) detection employing quantitative PCR (qPCR) and droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) offers a non-invasive and efficient approach for monitoring aquatic organisms. Accurate and sensitive quantification of eDNA is crucial for tracking rare and invasive species and understanding the biodiversity abundance and distribution of aquatic organisms. This study compares the sensitivity and quantification precision of qPCR and ddPCR for eDNA surveys through Bayesian inference using latent parameters from both known concentration (standards) and environmental samples across three teleost fish species assays.

General practitioners' attitudes and practices regarding sick leave certification for patients with depression in Norway - a cross-sectional study.

Background: Depression is among the most frequent reasons for sick leave, whereas health authorities recommend a rather strict practice, arguing that work is health-promoting. We aimed to explore GPs' attitudes and practices regarding sick leave certification for depressed patients.

Methods: A cross-sectional study using the Norwegian Physician Survey (N = 1617, 70% response rate) in 2021.

From outsider to participant: a qualitative study about attaining and retaining work among persons with mental illness.

Background: In Norway, the number of people on sick leave and health-related absence from work has increased over the last few years, and mental illness is one of the main contributing factors. Individual Placement and Support (IPS) and the Qualification Program (QP) are two work-oriented measures offered by Norwegian labor and welfare authorities, aimed at increasing labor market participation among people with health-related problems. The aim of this study was to explore which factors people with mental illnesses found helpful for attaining and retaining work, and their experiences with taking part in IPS and the QP.

Comparing continuous and perfusion cultivation of microalgae on recirculating aquaculture system effluent water.

Effluent water from recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) contains nutrients from fish excrements and leftover feed. This study investigated the nutrient remediation potential from RAS effluent water through microalgae cultivation in 25 L tubular reactors. We compared nutrient uptake and biomass productivity in continuous and perfusion cultivation modes for freshwater, brackish water and saltwater.

Variation in general practitioners' follow-up of depressed patients starting antidepressant medication: a register-based cohort study.

Background: Guidelines recommend follow-up within 2 weeks for patients starting medication for depression. Knowledge is lacking about how general practitioners' (GPs) follow-up varies with patients' sociodemographic characteristics.

Objective: To describe follow-up by GP and specialist in mental healthcare provided to men and women with depression within 3 months of starting drug therapy.

Parasite scars: the impact of salmon lice injury on sea trout populations.

Spillback effects of the parasitic salmon louse from fish farms to wild fish are a critical environmental concern for countries with wild salmon. The ectoparasitic louse causes significant physical and physiological damage to wild salmonids that probably have long-term impacts on individuals and population dynamics. However, empirical links between injuries and abundance of lice have not been established in the wild.

Impact of a multifaceted intervention programme on antibiotic prescribing and dispensing in four patient-centred settings in five European countries. The HAPPY PATIENT project.

Background: The primary cause of antimicrobial resistance is excessive and non-indicated antibiotic use.

Aim: To evaluate the impact of a multifaceted intervention aimed at various healthcare professionals (HCPs) on antibiotic prescribing and dispensing for common infections.

Design And Setting: Before-and-after study set in general practice, out-of-hours services, nursing homes, and community pharmacies in France, Greece, Lithuania, Poland, and Spain.

Covid-19 vaccination and menstrual bleeding disturbances among women of fertile age: a Norwegian registry study.

This study evaluated the relationship between Covid-19 vaccination and menstrual bleeding disturbances using a large national registry linkage including 666,467 women between 20 and 40 years of age residing in Norway on January 1st, 2019. Information on vaccination-BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 - was obtained from the Norwegian vaccination registry. Diagnoses of menstrual disturbances (absent/scanty, excessive, irregular/frequent menstruation, and intermenstrual bleeding) was obtained from the general practitioner database.

Role of grandparents in risky health behavior transmission: A study on smoking behavior in Norway.

Exploring the role of grandparents in the intergenerational transmission of risky health behaviors, specifically smoking, this study aims to examine the differential influence of maternal and paternal grandparents on their grandchildren's smoking behavior in adulthood. Utilizing the Tromsø Study's unique three-generational dataset from Tromsø, Norway, we employ a control function approach. The findings show a matrilateral bias, revealing that maternal grandparents' smoking behavior has a notable negative direct effect on the probability of their grandchildren's smoking.

Recommendations for implementing digital alcohol interventions in primary care: lessons learned from a Norwegian feasibility study.

Introduction: Excessive alcohol consumption is a leading global risk factor for ill-health and premature death. Digital alcohol interventions can be effective at reducing alcohol consumption, but their widespread adoption is lagging behind. This study aimed to identify factors promoting or inhibiting the implementation of a digital alcohol intervention in Norwegian primary care, by using Normalization Process Theory (NPT).

Accelerated ensemble optimization using momentum methods.

We investigate the use of various momentum methods in combination with an ensemble approximation of gradients, for accelerated optimization. Although momentum gradient descent methods are popular in machine learning, it is unclear how they perform when applied to time-consuming dynamic problems such as production optimization for petroleum reservoir management. Four different momentum methods are extensively tested on a reservoir test case in one deterministic and one robust setting.

Longitudinal investigation of a single variant SARS-CoV-2-outbreak in the immunologically naïve population of Ulvik, Norway.

Purpose: To perform an extensive investigation of the clinical features and long-term complications among the n = 134 adults and children with nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) verified SARS-CoV-2-infection in the immunologically naïve population of Ulvik, Norway, during the single variant B.1.1.

Accident and emergency consultations for head injuries in older adults.

Background: Head injuries are a common reason for hospitalisation, and patients often arrive via accident and emergency departments. This study aimed to investigate changes in accident and emergency consultations due to head injuries for patients ≥ 50 years.

Material And Method: Electronic reimbursement claims by accident and emergency doctors for.

Long-term effects of grandparental child neglect on adult grandchildren's mental health: .

Child neglect is a significant social problem with severe consequences for individuals and society. This study explores how intergenerational transmission of grandparental child neglect affects grandchildren's mental health in adulthood. We utilize a three-generational dataset from the Tromsø Study and estimate a linear probability model to find the distinct roles of both maternal and paternal grandparents.

The relationship between the ages and stages questionnaire, 3rd edition scores in early childhood and future cognitive abilities in young Nepalese children.

Background: The Ages and Stages Questionnaire 3rd edition (ASQ-3) could be a feasible tool in resource-poor settings. Little is known on the relationship between scores on the ASQ-3 and later intellectual abilities in these settings.

Aims: To examine the relationship between ASQ-3 scores during the first and second year of life and intellectual abilities at 4 years of age in Nepalese children.

Transparent, Antibiofouling Window Obtained with Surface Nanostructuring.

Biofouling is one of the key factors which limits the long-term performance of seawater sensors. Common measures to hinder biofouling include toxic paints, mechanical cleaning and UV radiation. All of these measures have various limitations.