Validation of a Cancer-Focused Information Seeking Experience (ISEE) Scale.

Background: Searching for health information is critical for maintaining one's health and reducing risk of disease, including cancer. However, some people are more likely to experience challenges in finding and comprehending health information; therefore, it is important to measure health information-seeking behavior. In order to add to prior research conducted with the scale, this study provides the first formal evaluation of the validity and reliability of the four-item, cancer-focused Information Seeking Experience (ISEE) scale in a cross-sectional, nationally representative health survey of U.

De-biasing the bias: methods for improving disparity assessments with noisy group measurements.

Health care decisions are increasingly informed by clinical decision support algorithms, but these algorithms may perpetuate or increase racial and ethnic disparities in access to and quality of health care. Further complicating the problem, clinical data often have missing or poor quality racial and ethnic information, which can lead to misleading assessments of algorithmic bias. We present novel statistical methods that allow for the use of probabilities of racial/ethnic group membership in assessments of algorithm performance and quantify the statistical bias that results from error in these imputed group probabilities.

Prevalence of Gun Carrying and Gun Violence Victimization and Perpetration Among a Nationally Representative Sample of U.S. Youth and Young Adults.

Introduction: Guns were one of the leading causes of death in children and youth aged 0-24 years in the U.S. over the last decade, with large variations by sex, race, region, and income.

Passive exposure to opioid crisis information and public attitudes: Effects on local policy support, discrimination, and stigma in a United States national survey.

Objective: To examine associations between passive exposure to opioid crisis information and public attitudes toward opioid use disorder (OUD) policies and stigma among United States (US) adults.

Methods: A nationally representative survey of 6543 US adults was conducted from December 2023 to January 2024. Participants reported passive exposure to opioid crisis information from various sources.

Economic Impacts of Technology-Facilitated Abuse Among U.S. Young Adults.

Technology-facilitated abuse (TFA) can result in long-term financial and mental health impacts on survivors. However, little research has been published to date about the types of costs and the economic burden that survivors of TFA experience. This study presents results from a U.

Transporting difference-in-differences estimates to assess health equity impacts of payment and delivery models.

Objective: To demonstrate the use of transportability methods to extend findings from payment model evaluations to groups of historically underserved beneficiaries.

Study Setting And Design: We used a simulation study to transport the effects of the Comprehensive Primary Care Plus (CPC+) model to a target population of Black fee-for-service (FFS) Medicare beneficiaries living outside the original 18 CPC+ regions. Our main outcome variable was total Medicare spending per beneficiary per year (pbpy).

Use of Medications With Somnolence Adverse Effects and Somnolence Symptoms Among Older Adults in the U.S.

Objectives: Nearly half of older adults experience somnolence, but the link between medications with somnolence as an adverse effect and somnolence is unclear. This study investigated the association between polypharmacy and somnolence symptoms (excessive sleepiness or long sleep duration).

Methods: Data from the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (NSHAP) 2010-2011 was used to examine the concurrent use of medications with potential somnolence as an adverse effect and the prevalence of somnolence symptoms.

Trends in enforcement of National Comprehensive Cancer Network financial conflict of interest policy.

Background: The National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) financial conflict of interest (FCOI) policy sets dollar maximums for panelists, but violations may occur.

Methods: We studied NCCN Guidelines panelists for the 20 most prevalent cancers, 2013-2022. We included panelists with at least 1 full calendar year of service ("current panelists") and those who began service during the study period ("new panelists"); NCCN FCOI policy limits ($20 000 from any single company or $50 000 across all companies) apply to both groups.

Deciphering Influence on Social Media: A Comparative Analysis of Influential Account Detection Metrics in the Context of Tobacco Promotion.

Influencer marketing spending in the United States was expected to surpass $6 billion in 2023. This marketing tactic poses a public health threat, as research suggests it has been utilized to undercut decades of public health progress-such as gains made against tobacco use among adolescents. Public health and public opinion researchers need practical tools to capture influential accounts on social media.

Less-Lethal Weapons and Civilian Injury in Police Use of Force Encounters: A Multi-agency Analysis.

Police use-of-force is a growing public health concern, with recent estimates suggesting that over 70,000 people are injured by police each year. To reduce the risk of injury to civilians, most police agencies authorize the use of various less-lethal weapons. However, to date, there is little consensus as to which types of less-lethal weapons are most effective at reducing injury risk.

Monetary Incentives in Clinician Surveys: An Analysis and Systematic Review With a Focus on Establishing Best Practices.

Surveys involving health care providers continue to be characterized by low and declining response rates (RRs), and researchers have utilized various strategies to increase survey participation. An important approach is to employ monetary incentives to improve survey response. Using a systematic review and analyses of 100 randomized comparisons (published in 48 papers) between monetary incentives and a non-incentive condition, this paper seeks to advance the understanding of best practices for using monetary incentives in clinician surveys.

Advancing patient-centered clinical decision support in today's health care ecosystem: key themes from the Clinical Decision Support Innovation Collaborative's 2023 Annual Meeting.

Objective: This perspective summarizes key themes that arose from stakeholder discussions at the inaugural Clinical Decision Support Innovation Collaborative (CDSiC) 2023 Annual Meeting. The CDSiC is an Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ)-funded innovation hub for patient-centered clinical decision support (PC CDS).

Materials And Methods: The meeting took place on May 16-17, 2023, and engaged 73 participants that represented a range of stakeholder groups including researchers, informaticians, federal representatives, clinicians, patients, and electronic health record developers.

Public perceptions of opioid misuse recovery and related resources in a nationally representative sample of United States adults.

Aims: To understand how the US public defines recovery from opioid misuse and the recovery-related resources it views as most helpful, and to compare differences by opioid misuse history and demographic characteristics.

Design: Observational study of data from the nationally representative AmeriSpeak® Panel survey administered in October/November 2021.

Setting: United States.

Analysis of cigar marketing expenditures by product category, placement strategy and geolocation in the USA, from 2017 to 2022.

Significance: The marketing of cigars, little cigars and cigarillos (CLCCs) and cigar wraps is under-regulated and understudied in the USA. To describe strategies CLCC manufacturers and vendors used to advertise their products across marketing channels, we systematically tracked CLCC marketing expenditures from January 2017 to July 2022.

Methods: Using the Kantar Media's Strategy (presently Vivvix) platform, we collected marketing expenditures for 624 CLCC products, vendors, venues, events and media outlets.

Exploring the geospatial variations in the public health workforce: implications for diversifying the supply of potential workers in governmental settings.

The US public health workforce has markedly declined, falling from 500 000 individuals in 1980 to 239 000 by 2022, a trend exacerbated by economic instability and an aging demographic. There was a temporary surge in staffing through emergency hires during the COVID-19 pandemic, but the permanence of these positions remains uncertain. Concurrently, public health degree conferrals have sharply increased, creating a mismatch between the growing number of graduates and the actual needs of health departments.

Measuring the Collective Community Capacity of a Network to Address Health Inequities during a Public Health Emergency: Findings from the National COVID-19 Resiliency Network.

Objective: This study assesses the collective community capacity of the National COVID-19 Resiliency Network (NCRN), a multisectoral network mitigating the disproportionate impact of COVID-19 on minoritized populations.

Methods: From January to April 2022, we used two concurrent data collection methods: a Collective Community Capacity (C3) survey (n=65) and key informant interviews (KIIs) (n=26). The C3 assessed capacity for creation of a shared vision, engagement in community change, and distributive leadership.

Flavored combustible tobacco product initiation in two longitudinal youth cohorts in the US Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study: 2013-2016 and 2016-2019.

Introduction: Flavored tobacco products increase appeal and lower barriers to nicotine addiction for young people. We compared environmental, psychosocial, behavioral, and demographic characteristics between youth who started with flavored and non-flavored (i.e.

Less is not always more: Rich and meaningful counting books lead to greater gains in number understanding than sparse counting books.

Children vary widely in their number knowledge by the time they enter kindergarten, and this variation is related to their future academic success. Although talk about number predicts children's early understanding of foundational number concepts, we know little about whether interventions can increase this talk nor about the types of number talk that are most beneficial to children's number understanding. The current project examines whether embedding number talk in goal-based stories leads to more robust number learning than providing the same numeric input outside of this context.