Current Advances in Nanotheranostics for Molecular Imaging and Therapy of Cardiovascular Disorders.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) refer to a collection of conditions characterized by abnormalities in the cardiovascular system. They are a global problem and one of the leading causes of mortality and disability. Nanotheranostics implies to the combination of diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities inside a single nanoscale platform that has allowed for significant advancement in cardiovascular diagnosis and therapy.

At the Crossroads of TNF α Signaling and Cancer.

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) is a pleiotropic pro-inflammatory cytokine of the TNF superfamily. It regulates key cellular processes such as death, and proliferation besides its well-known role in immune response through activation of various intracellular signaling pathways (such as MAPK, Akt, NF-κB, etc.) via complex formation by ligand-activated TNFα receptors.

Selenium-Methionine-Folic Acid Nanoparticles (SeMetFa NPs) and Its In Vivo Efficacy Against Rheumatoid Arthritis.

Selenium nanoparticles can be beneficial against rheumatoid arthritis, with limitations in dosage formulation due to their toxicity and low bioavailability. In the present study, we investigated the bioavailability and in vivo efficiency of selenium-methionine-folic acid nanoparticles (SeMetFa NPs) in chronic inflammatory arthritis in rats. The purpose of this study was to develop a therapeutic agent that is of low toxicity and readily available for the maintenance of rheumatoid arthritis.

5-Fluorouracil and Anti-EGFR antibody scaffold chitosan-stabilized Pickering emulsion: Formulations, physical characterization, in-vitro studies in NCL-H226 cells, and in-vivo investigations in Wistar rats for the augmented therapeutic effects against squamous cell carcinoma.

This research seeks to optimize a chitosan-stabilized Pickering emulsion (PE) containing 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) as a potential Squamous Cell Carcinoma therapy. The 5-Fluorouracil was also thoroughly analysed using UV spectrophotometry and RP-HPLC, demonstrating exceptional linearity, sensitivity, precision, and robustness. The techniques of characterization revealed Pickering emulsion (PE) morphology, solid-like gel properties, successful encapsulation, and promising anticancer effects.

Development of substituted benzylidene derivatives as novel dual cholinesterase inhibitors for Alzheimer's treatment.

Leading pathological markers of Alzheimer's disease (AD) include Acetylcholinesterase (AChE), Butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE), Amyloid beta (Aβ) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Indole derivatives were identified and optimized to improve the potency against AChE, BuChE, Aβ and ROS. The lead molecule IND-30 was found to be selective for AChE (selectivity ratio: 22.

Inhalable spray-dried polycaprolactone-based microparticles of Sorafenib Tosylate with promising efficacy on A549 cells.

The study developed and evaluated Sorafenib Tosylate (SRT)-loaded polymeric microparticles (MPs) using biodegradable polymer polycaprolactone (PCL) as a potential inhalable carrier for NSCLC. MPs were prepared by spray-drying an oil-in-water (o/w) emulsion. The optimized MPs demonstrated excellent flowability, particle size of 2.

A shift in focus towards precision oncology, driven by revolutionary nanodiagnostics; revealing mysterious pathways in colorectal carcinogenesis.

Multiple molecular mechanisms contribute to the development of colorectal cancer (CRC), with chromosomal instability (CIN) playing a significant role. CRC is influenced by mutations in several important genes, including APC, TP53, KRAS, PIK3CA, BRAF, and SMYD4. The three molecular subtypes of this disease are CIN, MSI-H, and CIMP (CpG-island phenotype).

Analytical Method Development, Validation and Forced Degradation Study of Dapagliflozin by RP-HPLC.

Background: Worldwide, it is projected that 285 million individuals have diabetes, and by 2030, this number is expected to climb to 438 million. About 90% of cases of diabetes mellitus are type 2 (T2DM). Insulin sensitizers, such as metformin and thiazolidinediones; insulin secretagogues, such as sulfonylureas and glinides; dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors; glucosidase inhibitors, or oral combination therapy are currently available treatments for type 2 diabetes.

siRNA-Based Novel Therapeutic Strategies to Improve Effectiveness of Antivirals: An Insight.

Since the ground-breaking discovery of RNA interference (RNAi), scientists have made significant progress in the field of small interfering RNA (siRNA) treatments. Due to severe barriers to the therapeutic application of siRNA, nanoparticle technologies for siRNA delivery have been designed. For pathological circumstances such as viral infection, toxic RNA abnormalities, malignancies, and hereditary diseases, siRNAs are potential therapeutic agents.

Senescence in cancer: Advances in detection and treatment modalities.

Senescence is a form of irreversible cell cycle arrest. Senescence plays a dual role in cancer, as both a tumor suppressor by preventing the growth of damaged cells and a cancer promoter by creating an inflammatory milieu. Stress-induced premature senescence (SIPS) and replicative senescence are the two major sub-types of senescence.

Therapeutic Potential of Methotrexate-Loaded Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Coated with Poly(lactic--glycolic acid) and Polyethylene Glycol against Breast Cancer: Development, Characterization, and Comprehensive In Vitro Investigation.

Novel superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) of Methotrexate (MTX) were developed using supercritical liquid technology and optimized with a Box-Behnken design in order to assess its potential as a candidate for the treatment of breast cancer. MTX-SPIONs coated with poly(lactic--glycolic acid)-polyethylene glycol 400 had an aggregate size of 500 nm and an encapsulation efficiency of 46.8 ± 3.

Designing a Multi-Epitope Subunit Vaccine against VP1 Major Coat Protein of JC Polyomavirus.

The JC polyomavirus virus (JCPyV) affects more than 80% of the human population in their early life stage. It mainly affects immunocompromised individuals where virus replication in oligodendrocytes and astrocytes may lead to fatal progressive multifocal encephalopathy (PML). Virus protein 1 (VP1) is one of the major structural proteins of the viral capsid, responsible for keeping the virus alive in the gastrointestinal and urinary tracts.

Chitosan-Based Hydrogel in the Management of Dermal Infections: A Review.

The main objective of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the current evidence regarding the use of chitosan-based hydrogels to manage skin infections. Chitosan, a naturally occurring polysaccharide derived from chitin, possesses inherent antimicrobial properties, making it a promising candidate for treating various dermal infections. This review follows a systematic approach to analyze relevant studies that have investigated the effectiveness of chitosan-based hydrogels in the context of dermal infections.

A turn-on fluorescence sensor for detection of heparinase with heparin templated aggregation of tetracationic porphyrin derivative.

Heparinase is the only mammalian endoglycosidase that breaks down the commonly used blood-anticoagulant heparin into therapeutically relevant low-molecular-weight-heparin. Importantly, heparinase has been considered a malignant disease diagnostic marker. Thus, it is essential to develop detection scheme for heparinase.

Acute Oral Toxicity, Antioxidant Activity and Molecular Docking Study of 2-(4-Bromo-phenoxy)-N-[6-chloro-4-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-cyano-4H-chromen- 2-yl]-acetamide.

Background: Several studies have been conducted on 4-H chromene compounds because of their intriguing pharmacological and biological properties. Various new natural compounds having a chromene foundation have been reported over the past 20 years.

Objective: In the present study, we reported the acute oral toxicity, antioxidant activity, and molecular docking study of the most active 4H-chromene derivative2-(4-Bromo-phenoxy)-N-[6-chloro-4-(4- chlorophenyl)-3-cyano-4H-chromen-2-yl]-acetamide (A9).

Fragmented antibodies in non-small cell lung cancer: A novel nano-engineered delivery system for detection and treatment of cancer.

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has a long history of defying traditional cytotoxic treatment. Significant advancements in biotechnology, cancer biology, and immunotherapy have provided new insights that have altered the landscape for the management of NSCLC, clearing the way for a new era of pharmaceuticals in the form of monoclonal antibodies and their fragments. Antibody fragments are superior to monoclonal antibodies because of their small size, which allows them to penetrate cells and tissues effectively.

Recent advances in nanomedicine preparative methods and their therapeutic potential for colorectal cancer: a critical review.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a prevalent malignancy that affects a large percentage of the global population. The conventional treatments for CRC have a number of limitations. Nanoparticles have emerged as a promising cancer treatment method due to their ability to directly target cancer cells and regulate drug release, thereby enhancing therapeutic efficacy and minimizing side effects.

Physicochemical characterization, in vitro and in vivo evaluation of chitosan/carrageenan encumbered with Imatinib mesylate-polysarcosine nanoparticles for sustained drug release and enhanced colorectal cancer targeted therapy.

The objective of this investigation was to fabricate nanoparticles consisting of Imatinib mesylate-poly sarcosine-loaded chitosan/carrageenan in order to attain prolonged drug release and efficacious therapy for colorectal cancer. The study involved the synthesis of nanoparticles through the utilisation of ionic complexation and nanoprecipitation techniques. The subsequent nanoparticles were subjected to an assessment of their physicochemical characteristics, anti-cancer efficacy using HCT116 cell line, and acute toxicity.

Targeted delivery of panitumumab-scaffold bosutinib-encapsulated polycaprolactone nanoparticles for EGFR-overexpressed colorectal cancer.

Panitumumab (anti-Erb)-conjugated polycaprolactone (PCL) nanoparticles loaded with bosutinib (BTNB) were used to develop a targeted drug-delivery system for colon cancer cells. Using carbodiimide coupling, anti-Erb was conjugated to BTNB-loaded PCL nanoparticles. Dynamic light scattering, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, x-ray diffraction and thermogravimetric analysis were used to analyze nanoparticles.

Cubosome-based cosmeceuticals: A breakthrough in skincare.

Nanotechnology in skin cosmetics has revolutionized robust skincare formulations, enabling the delivery of therapeutic agents to achieve the effective concentration at the targeted site of action. Lyotropic liquid crystals (LLCs) are emerging as a potential nanoparticle delivery system owing to their biocompatible and biodegradable nature. Within the space of LLCs, the structural and functional relationships of cubosomal characteristics are investigated as drug delivery vehicles for a potential application in skincare.

A Synoptic Update on Smart Lipid Nanocarrier: Cubosomes, and their Design Development, and Recent Challenges.

Cubosomes are a kind of nanoparticle that is distinct from solid particles in that they are liquid crystalline particles formed by self-assembly of a certain surfactant with a current water ratio. Their unique properties as a result of their microstructure are useful in practical applications. Cubosomes, specifically lyotropic nonlamellar liquid crystalline nanoparticles (LCNs) have gained acceptance as a medication delivery strategy for cancer and other disorders.

POT1 mutations cause differential effects on telomere length leading to opposing disease phenotypes.

The protection of telomere protein (POT1) is a telomere-binding protein and is an essential component of the six-membered shelterin complex, which is associated with the telomeres. POT1 directly binds to the 3' single-stranded telomeric overhang and prevents the activation of DNA damage response at telomeres thus preventing the telomere-telomere fusions and genomic instability. POT1 also plays a pivotal role in maintaining telomere length by regulating telomerase-mediated telomere elongation.

Optimization of Performance Parameters of the TAGGG Telomere Length Assay.

Telomeres are repetitive sequences which are present at chromosomal ends; their shortening is a characteristic feature of human somatic cells. Shortening occurs due to a problem with end replication and the absence of the telomerase enzyme, which is responsible for maintaining telomere length. Interestingly, telomeres also shorten in response to various internal physiological processes, like oxidative stress and inflammation, which may be impacted due to extracellular agents like pollutants, infectious agents, nutrients, or radiation.

Dacarbazine-encapsulated solid lipid nanoparticles for skin cancer: physical characterization, stability, activity, histopathology, and immunohistochemistry.

Background: This study examined the use of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) to administer Dacarbazine (DTIC) to skin melanoma cells with minimal adverse effects. Melanoma is a tricky skin cancer to cure, and standard chemotherapy has many negative effects. Encapsulating DTIC in SLNs may allow the drug to target melanoma cells without harming healthy cells.