Change in management for digital subtraction angiography-identified false-positive traumatic vertebral artery injury.

Background: For patients with suspected traumatic vertebral artery injury (TVAI), CT angiography (CTA) is the first-line screening modality. Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) serves as the confirmatory diagnostic imaging, and is the gold standard for cerebrovascular injury assessment, due to its higher sensitivity and specificity. Among patients with TVAI based on CTA who have undergone follow-up DSA, this study aims to investigate how diagnostic information with additional imaging affects clinical management.

Open Chrono-Morph viewer: visualize big bioimage time series containing heterogeneous volumes.

Summary: Time-lapse 3D imaging is fundamental for studying biological processes but requires software able to handle terabytes of voxel data. Although many multidimensional viewing applications exist, they mostly lack support for heterogeneous voxel counts, datatypes, and modalities in a single timeline. Open Chrono-Morph Viewer provides a straightforward graphical user interface to quickly investigate multi-timescale datasets represented as separate volume files in the common NRRD format for compatibility between toolchains.

Spatially programmed alignment and actuation in printed liquid crystal elastomers.

Liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) exhibit reversible shape morphing behavior when cycled above their nematic-to-isotropic transition temperature. During extrusion-based 3D printing, LCE inks are subjected to coupled shear and extensional flows that can be harnessed to spatially control the alignment of their nematic director along prescribed print paths. Here, we combine experiment and modeling to elucidate the effects of ink composition, nozzle geometry, and printing parameters on director alignment.

Restorative Neurostimulation Therapy Compared to Optimal Medical Management: A Randomized Evaluation (RESTORE) for the Treatment of Chronic Mechanical Low Back Pain due to Multifidus Dysfunction.

Introduction: Many interventional strategies are commonly used to treat chronic low back pain (CLBP), though few are specifically intended to target the distinct underlying pathomechanisms causing low back pain. Restorative neurostimulation has been suggested as a specific treatment for mechanical CLBP resulting from multifidus dysfunction. In this randomized controlled trial, we report outcomes from a cohort of patients with CLBP associated with multifidus dysfunction treated with restorative neurostimulation compared to those randomized to a control group receiving optimal medical management (OMM) over 1 year.

Diagnostic value of CT scans in pediatric patients with acute non-traumatic altered mental status: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Computed tomography (CT) scans are widely used for evaluating children with acute atraumatic altered mental status (AMS) despite concerns about radiation exposure and limited diagnostic yield. This study aims to assess the efficacy of CT scans in this population and provide evidence-based recommendations.

Methods: A systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines.

Outcomes of mechanical thrombectomy for medium vessel occlusion in acute ischemic stroke patients with ASPECTS 4-5 vs. 6-7: a retrospective, multicenter, and multinational study.

Introduction: Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) efficacy in medium vessel occlusion (MeVO) stroke, particularly in patients with low Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Score (ASPECTS), remains less explored.

Methods: This retrospective study analyzed data from 443 AIS patients treated with MT for MeVO and low ASPECTS (4-7) at 37 centers across North America, Asia, and Europe, from September 2017 to July 2021. Patients were categorized into ASPECTS of 4-5 and 6-7.

Real-World Effectiveness of Long-Acting Injectable and Oral Antipsychotic Agents in US Medicare Patients with Schizophrenia.

Introduction: Daily oral antipsychotics (OAPs) are the mainstay of schizophrenia treatment; however, long-acting injectable antipsychotics (LAIs) are associated with better treatment adherence and improved outcomes.

Methods: This study assessed the real-world comparative effectiveness of LAIs and daily OAPs using claims data from a nationally representative sample of fee-for-service Medicare beneficiaries with schizophrenia. Antipsychotic discontinuation, psychiatric hospitalization, and treatment failure were compared relative to different reference groups using within-individual Cox regression models.

Development and validation of an ultrasensitive qPCR method to identify and quantify EGFR T790M in cell-free DNA.

Background: Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is a promising biomarker for cancer prognosis and drug development. A major challenge in the ctDNA determination method is discriminating ctDNA from highly similar but significantly more abundant wild-type DNA sensitively and accurately.

Method: An ultrasensitive qPCR method termed Triple Enrichment Amplification of Mutation PCR (TEAM-PCR) was developed to detect EGFR T790M mutation.

Assessment of clinical characteristics and mortality in patients hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 from January 2022 to November 2022, when Omicron variants were predominant in the United States.

Objective: To describe the demographic/clinical characteristics, treatment patterns, and mortality among patients hospitalized with COVID-19 during Omicron predominance by immunocompromised and high-risk status.

Methods: Retrospective observational study of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 between January 1, 2022 and November 30, 2022, using data from the Optum de-identified Clinformatics® Data Mart Database. Patient demographic/clinical characteristics, treatments, mortality and costs, were assessed, during the emergence of BA.

What Is the Prevalence of Hip Abductor Pathology in Patients Undergoing Total Hip Arthroplasty?

Background: Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is generally considered a successful operation for patients with advanced hip arthritis. Hip abductor pathology can lead to diminished outcomes. The prevalence of hip abductor pathology in patients undergoing THA is not well described.

Exosomal Galectin-3 promotes peritoneal metastases in gastric adenocarcinoma via microenvironment alterations.

Peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) in gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC) is the most common metastatic site and leads to a short median survival. Exosomes have been shown to remodel the microenvironment, facilitating tumor metastases. However, the functional component in GAC cell-derived exosomes that remodel the landscape in the peritoneal cavity remains unclear.

Zebrafish glial-vascular interactions progressively expand over the course of brain development.

Glial-vascular interactions are critical for the formation and maintenance of brain blood vessels and the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in mammals, but their role in the zebrafish BBB remains unclear. Using three glial gene promoters-, , and (a truncated )-we explored glial-vascular development in zebrafish. Sparse labeling showed fewer glial-vascular interactions at early stages, with glial coverage and contact area increasing with age.

Endometriosis-associated primary clear cell adenocarcinoma of the urinary bladder: A case report and literature review.

Primary clear cell adenocarcinoma (CCA) of the urinary bladder is a rare and aggressive malignancy. Few reports in the literature describe this presentation, as associated with malignant transformation of endometriosis. This case highlights the complex etiology of this variant of CCA, initially diagnosed using comprehensive imaging and genetic analysis, and subsequently confirmed through extensive surgical intervention and chemotherapy.

Exploring trauma surgeons' views on trauma care in Nigeria: A qualitative study.

Background: In Nigeria, trauma care faces challenges due to high injury and death rates from road traffic accidents and violence. Improvements are underway, but gaps in service availability, training, and coordination persist, necessitating evidence-based interventions.

Purpose: To evaluate trauma care practices in Nigeria, focusing on practitioners' perceptions of training, resources, and care quality to inform policy and practice enhancements.

High-resolution isotopic data link settlement complexification to infant diets within the Roman Empire.

Our study explores the potential relationship between infant feeding practices and settlement complexity in the Roman Empire through high-resolution Bayesian-modeled stable isotope measurements from incremental dentine. We compiled isotopic data from permanent first molars of individuals from various Roman sites: five from Bainesse (UK), 30 from Thessaloniki (Greece), along with new carbon and nitrogen isotope analyses from four individuals from Pompeii and six from Ostia Via del Mare (AVM). Our results reveal significant inter-site variability in breastfeeding durations, ranging from 1.

Fact-checks focus on famous politicians, not partisans.

Does the fact-checking enterprise focus its attention on one party? If Republican or Democratic politicians were systematically more likely to have their statements evaluated, that would call into question both the impartiality of the fact-checking enterprise and the results of the many papers that rely on fact-checks to drive other measurements. Despite frequent claims that fact-checking organizations are biased against Republicans, there is little systematic evidence regarding political bias in this industry. We address these gaps using data on how often each member of Congress was fact-checked from 2018 to 2021.

Canal Fill Ratio in Hemiarthroplasty Compared to Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Case Control Study.

Background: Cementless stems are commonly used in hemiarthroplasty (HA) for femoral neck fractures. Recent studies have reported increased risk of periprosthetic fracture with cementless stems compared to cemented HA. In elective total hip arthroplasty (THA), lower proximal canal fill ratios (CFR) of cementless stems have been associated with worse outcomes.

Conducting clinical trials with self-collection of pharmacokinetic samples: Experience from an exploratory, phase 1, open-label trial of centanafadine SR in healthy individuals.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated a shift to decentralized clinical trials. We present the potential feasibility of this approach from a phase 1 pharmacokinetic (PK) trial.

Methods: Healthy adults (18-55 years) with a body mass index of 19.

Prevalence of medical conditions or comorbidities influencing first-line therapy in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma in the United States.

Introduction: Given treatment landscape changes, understanding the prevalence of medical conditions/comorbidities influencing real-world unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (uHCC) treatment decisions is key for improving outcomes.

Patients And Methods: In a retrospective chart review, physicians abstracted data from uHCC patients initiating first-line treatment (1L) between June 2020 and April 2022. Frequencies of medical conditions/comorbidities at 1L initiation were reported.

Controlled ligation and elongation of uniformly truncated amyloid nanofibrils.

This study investigates the production and inter-fibril interactions of uniformly truncated amyloid nanofibrils. By varying extrusion cycles (0, 50, and 100) and using carbonate filters with 100 nm and 200 nm pore sizes, precise fibril length control was achieved. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) confirmed that the mean length of the truncated fibrils corresponded to the respective pore size as extrusion cycles increased.

Reduction in thermal conductivity of monolayer MoS by large mechanical strains for efficient thermal management.

Two-dimensional (2D) materials such as graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDC) have received extensive research interests and investigations in the past decade. In this research, we report the first experimental measurement of the in-plane thermal conductivity of MoS monolayer under a large mechanical strain using optothermal Raman technique. This measurement technique is direct without additional processing to the material, and MoS's absorption coefficient is discovered during the measurement process to further increase this technique's precision.

Growing with dinosaurs: a review of dinosaur reproduction and ontogeny.

Since the start of the twenty-first century, there has been a notable increase in annual publications focusing on dinosaur reproduction and ontogeny with researchers using these data to address a range of macroevolutionary questions about dinosaurs. Ontogeny, which is closely tied to osteological morphological variation, impacts several key research areas, such as taxonomic diversity, population dynamics, palaeoecology, macroevolution, as well as the physiological and reproductive factors driving ecological success. While these broad studies have significantly advanced our understanding of dinosaur evolution, they have also revealed important challenges and areas needing further investigation.

Gut microbial GABA imbalance emerges as a metabolic signature in mild autism spectrum disorder linked to overrepresented Escherichia.

Gut microbiota (GM) alterations have been implicated in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), yet the specific functional architecture remains elusive. Here, employing multi-omics approaches, we investigate stool samples from two distinct cohorts comprising 203 children with mild ASD or typical development. In our screening cohort, regression-based analysis for metabolomic profiling identifies an elevated γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) to glutamate (Glu) ratio as a metabolic signature of ASD, independent of age and gender.