Expanding vaccination provider types and administration sites can increase vaccination uptake: A systematic literature review of the evidence in non-United States geographies.

Vaccination is a successful public health intervention; however, vaccine-preventable diseases continue to pose global health risks due to insufficient uptake. Expanding authority for "alternative" or complementary healthcare providers to administer vaccinations, as well as approving additional non-clinical vaccination sites, could improve access to and uptake of vaccines. The value of complementary providers and expanded sites has been documented in the United States; however, there is limited evidence in geographies outside the United States.

Impact of differences between interim and post-interim analysis populations on outcomes of a group sequential trial: Example of the MOVe-OUT study.

Background: Pre-specified interim analyses allow for more timely evaluation of efficacy or futility, potentially accelerating decision-making on an investigational intervention. In such an analysis, the randomized, double-blind MOVe-OUT trial demonstrated superiority of molnupiravir over placebo for outpatient treatment of COVID-19 in high-risk patients. In the full analysis population, the point estimate of the treatment difference in the primary endpoint was notably lower than at the interim analysis.

First-Line Pembrolizumab Plus Chemotherapy for HER2-Negative Advanced Gastric Cancer: China Subgroup Analysis of the Randomized Phase 3 KEYNOTE-859 Study.

Introduction: Results of the global, randomized, phase 3 KEYNOTE-859 study (N = 1579) showed that first-line pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy produced a statistically significant and clinically meaningful improvement in overall survival (OS) with manageable toxicity versus placebo plus chemotherapy in patients with locally advanced or metastatic human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative gastric or gastroesophageal junction cancer. This subgroup analysis was conducted to investigate outcomes in patients enrolled in mainland China.

Methods: Adults with previously untreated advanced or metastatic HER2-negative gastric cancer or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive pembrolizumab or placebo with fluoropyrimidine- and platinum-containing chemotherapy.

Air, surface, and wastewater surveillance of SARS-CoV-2; a multimodal evaluation of COVID-19 detection in a built environment.

Background: Environmental surveillance of infectious organisms holds tremendous promise to reduce human-to-human transmission in indoor spaces through early detection.

Objective: In this study we determined the applicability and limitations of wastewater, indoor high-touch surfaces, in-room air, and rooftop exhaust air sampling methods for detecting SARS-CoV-2 in a real world building occupied by residents recently diagnosed with COVID-19.

Methods: We concurrently examined the results of three 24-hour environmental surveillance techniques, indoor surface sampling, exhaust air sampling and wastewater surveillance, to the known daily census fluctuations in a COVID-19 isolation dormitory.

The radiogenomic and spatiogenomic landscapes of glioblastoma and their relationship to oncogenic drivers.

Background: Glioblastoma is a highly heterogeneous brain tumor, posing challenges for precision therapies and patient stratification in clinical trials. Understanding how genetic mutations influence tumor imaging may improve patient management and treatment outcomes. This study investigates the relationship between imaging features, spatial patterns of tumor location, and genetic alterations in IDH-wildtype glioblastoma, as well as the likely sequence of mutational events.

Validation of a whole blood coagulometer sensitive to the direct oral anticoagulants.

Readily available and rapid turn-around, bedside assays to measure the effect of the direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are not available. This study evaluates a point-of-care (PoC) coagulometer to assess the anticoagulant effects of the DOACs and low molecular weight heparin. Studies were done in fresh spiked blood from healthy volunteers.

A birth cohort observational study to assess the association of prenatal biomarkers of organophosphates with visual attention, recognition memory and information processing among Thai infants.

Background: Organophosphates (OPs) are neurotoxicants used to control pests on crops (e.g., rice).

Material properties, compressibility, and tabletability of planetary ball-milled glutinous rice starch and its application as a mucoadhesive disc for buccal delivery: Impact of milling duration.

This study examined the material properties, compressibility, and tabletability characteristics of glutinous rice starch modified by planetary ball milling as a function of milling duration as well as the utilization of ball-milled glutinous rice starch (BMGS) as a mucoadhesive disc carrier for buccal delivery. Planetary ball milling caused crystallinity loss, which was accompanied by enhanced starch functionality. Prolonged milling significantly altered particle size, morphology, powder density, and compressibility index.

Active bio-foam packaging based on sodium alginate incorporated with vanillin for extending the shelf life of cherry tomatoes.

As fresh produce easily undergoes postharvest decay, eco-friendly and active packaging is an emerging technology for maintaining the safety and quality of fresh produce. This study focuses on the development of an active and biodegradable packaging foam made from sodium alginate (SA) incorporated with the natural antimicrobial vanillin (VAN) to enhance the shelf life and quality of fresh produce. The effects of VAN concentrations (0, 0.

Impact of Embolic Protection Methods Versus Access Types on Outcomes of Carotid Artery Stenting.

Objectives: Carotid artery stenting (CAS) is commonly performed through transfemoral or transcarotid access. Neurological protection methods utilized during the procedure include distal embolic protection (DEP) and flow reversal devices. Multiple studies demonstrated more favorable outcomes associated with transcarotid artery revascularization with flow reversal (TCAR) in comparison to transfemoral carotid artery stenting with DEP (TFCAS-DEP).

Dupilumab reduces acute exacerbations and improves lung function in patients with COPD with type 2 inflammation irrespective of body mass index, airflow obstruction, dyspnea, and exercise capacity index scores.

Background: The body mass index, airflow obstruction, dyspnea, and exercise capacity (BODE) index predicts 5-year mortality risk in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); higher scores predict worse outcomes. Dupilumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody that blocks the shared receptor component for interleukin-4/13, reduced exacerbations and improved lung function in patients with COPD in phase 3 BOREAS trial (NCT03930732). We assessed dupilumab efficacy in patients with COPD and type 2 inflammation by baseline BODE index.

Global emergence of Carbapenem-resistant Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae driven by an IncFII KPC-2 plasmid.

Background: Carbapenem-resistant hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (CR-hvKp) has been increasingly reported worldwide, posing a severe challenge to public health; however, the mechanisms driving its emergence and global dissemination remain unclear.

Methods: We analysed CR-hvKp strains derived from canonical hvKp backgrounds, and acquired a carbapenemase-encoding gene. These strains were identified from 485 CRKp isolates in the CRACKLE-2 China cohort, 259 CRKp isolates from a multi-centre study, and 67,631 K.

Resistance evolution and local adaptation of Venturia inaequalis to old and new generation SDHI fungicides.

The use of succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) fungicides is widespread in controlling apple scab disease caused by Venturia inaequalis. However, resistance in populations develops and new SDHIs are generated commercially, thus evaluating this arms-race in local populations is important for appropriate disease management. In this study, in vitro mycelial growth effects of five commercial fungicides, including old and new generation SDHIs on a large V.

Posaconazole effectiveness in rare invasive fungal infections: A systematic literature review.

Introduction: Mucormycosis, hyalohyphomycosis, chromoblastomycosis, and fungal mycetoma are rare invasive fungal infections (IFIs) that cause significant morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients. Few effective treatment options are available for these IFIs.

Methods: We performed a systematic literature review of MEDLINE and Embase to identify studies published from 2005 (year of posaconazole approval) to October 22, 2022, reporting the efficacy/effectiveness of posaconazole monotherapy or combination therapy for treating mucormycosis, hyalohyphomycosis, chromoblastomycosis, and mycetoma.

Integration of QSAR models with high throughput screening to accelerate the development of polishing chromatography unit operations.

The development of robust polishing chromatographic processes is a critical step in downstream bioprocess development that can be time-consuming and resource intensive. Recently, there has been an increase in diverse protein constructs that are not amenable to platform approaches, increasing the need for novel processes to be developed for effective purification. High throughput screening (HTS) is an important tool to parse chromatographic design space and identify promising conditions to continue development.

A systematic review of immunotherapies in combination with temozolomide as treatment for glioblastoma.

Glioblastomas comprise a significant percentage of malignant adult central nervous system tumor cases and patients typically do not survive longer than a year after diagnosis. There are few treatment options for patients which meaningfully prolong survival other than chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery. There are many clinical trials examining immunotherapy-chemotherapy combination treatments.

Toxicity and absorption of polystyrene micro-nanoplastics in healthy and Crohn's disease human duodenum-chip models.

Micro and nanoplastics (MNPs) are widespread environmental and food web contaminants that are absorbed by the intestine and distributed systemically, but the mechanisms of uptake are not well understood. In a triculture small intestinal epithelial model, we previously found that uptake of 26 nm polystyrene MNPs (PS26) occurred by both passive diffusion and active actin- and dynamin-dependent mechanisms. However, studies in a more physiologically relevant model are required to validate those results.

Community-Level Characteristics Associated With Resilience After Adversity: A Scoping Review of Research in Urban Locales.

The objective of this study was to document the current knowledge on characteristics measured at the community level and their relationship to individual or community well-being. The review specifically focuses on studies in urban locations. The main aim was to describe and organize evidence-based community strengths using a multidimensional portfolio approach to resilience.

Factors Enhancing Resilience Among Youth Exposed to Macro-Level Violence in Spanish-Speaking Countries in Latin America.

This scoping review aimed to synthesize current literature on strengths associated with resilience and well-being among youth in Spanish-speaking Latin American countries exposed to macro-level violence and by type of exposure (i.e., political, community, and anti-LGBTQ+ violence and child soldiers)-guided by the Resilience Portfolio Model (RPM).

Resilience Factors in Reentry From Juvenile Legal Facility Settings: A Scoping Review.

Internationally, there has been a decline in the use of juvenile legal facilities (Puzzanchera et al., 2022). Yet, it is well documented that the process of reentering the community following placement in these settings presents numerous challenges for young people.

Understanding Resilience in the Face of Adversity in Kenya: A Scoping Review.

Resilience in the global south, especially in Kenya, is understudied. Despite limited research, it's acknowledged that strengths stem from diverse cultural backgrounds. Global studies of resilience may help the field identify new areas of strength that can be a part of prevention and intervention with trauma survivors.

The Role of Resilience Portfolios in Overcoming Trauma.

This special issue offers a series of papers that use the resilience portfolio model (RPM) to explore multidimensional, strength-based approaches to resilience in a wide variety of communities. The field is urgently in need of research that helps identify the factors that help people thrive despite exposure to violence and other trauma. We need to know how people typically overcome victimization and other adverse experiences if we are going to improve intervention and minimize the global burden of trauma.

Responsiveness of systemic lupus erythematosus subjects to iberdomide based on molecular endotypes.

Objectives: Iberdomide is a cereblon E3-ligase modulator that promotes proteasomal degradation of the transcription factors Ikaros (IKZF1) and Aiolos (IKZF3) and was shown to be efficacious among subjects with generalised systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This study sought to identify baseline gene expression profiles of SLE subjects responsive to iberdomide and analyse the impact of this agent on gene expression.

Methods: Whole blood samples obtained from 276 female SLE subjects in the phase 2b iberdomide trial (NCT03161483) were assessed by RNA sequencing followed by gene set variation analysis (GSVA) using 32 informative gene modules.

Getting ahead of human-associated microbial decline in Africa: the urgency of sampling in light of epidemiological transition.

Evidence is growing that human-associated early-life microbial diversity modulates health over the long term, via effects in the infant termed 'immune and metabolic education'. Documenting high microbial diversity contexts, such as in Africa, thus, has rich potential for understanding this aspect of the landscape of health. Yet, change on the continent is occurring rapidly, and microbial communities are shifting as behaviors and diets are altered, and antibiotic use expands; we may be losing the opportunity to obtain relevant data.