Comparing Isovac to High-Volume Evacuation on Aerosols and Surface Contamination During Operative Dentistry in Children: A Randomized, Controlled Trial.

: To compare the efficacy of high-volume evacuation (HVE) with a standard tip to Isovac in reducing contamination. The changes in biological contamination on surfaces with distance and direction from the mouth were also examined. Children aged four to 17 years requiring an aerosol-producing restorative procedure on at least two primary and/or permanent teeth were included.

Complex determinants of R-loop formation at transposable elements and major DNA satellites.

Aberrant activation of transposable elements (TEs) has been a well-documented source of genomic instability and disease, stemming from their insertion into genes and their imposition of epigenetic effects on nearby loci. However, the extent to which their disruptive effects involve concomitant or subsequent formation of DNA:RNA hybrids (R-loops) remains unknown. Here we used DNA:RNA immunoprecipitation followed by high-throughput sequencing (DRIP-seq) to map the R-loop profiles of TEs and satellites in D.

Distinct rates of VUS reclassification are observed when subclassifying VUS by evidence level.

Purpose: Genetic testing commonly yields a plethora of variants of uncertain significance (VUS) that can lead to ongoing uncertainty for patients and their caregivers. While all VUS hold uncertainty, some VUS have more evidence in support of pathogenicity while others have more evidence of a benign role. Sharing these nuances can help guide the investment in follow-up clinical and research investigations and may, at times, influence medical decision-making despite appreciated uncertainty.

Global, Regional, and National Burden of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Trends From 1990 to 2021 and 20-Year Forecasts.

Background: Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a critical condition that has far-reaching implications for public health systems globally due to its severe consequences and long-term disabilities. This study aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of SAH trends from 1990 to 2021 and project future trends up to 2041, aiding in better understanding and management of its global burden.

Methods: We utilized data from the GBD (Global Burden of Disease) 2021 database, using joinpoint regression, frontier, and decomposition analyses to assess changes in SAH burden.

Predicting tuberculosis drug efficacy in preclinical and clinical models from data.

Multiple potency assays are used to evaluate compounds against , but a consensus on clinically relevant assays is lacking. We aimed to identify an assay signature that predicts preclinical efficacy and early clinical outcome. Thirty-one unique assays were compiled for 10 TB drugs.

Characterization of severity of hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn due to Rhesus antigen alloimmunization.

Background: Clinical manifestations of hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn include anemia, hyperbilirubinemia, hydrops fetalis, kernicterus, and fetal or neonatal demise. More than 50 antibodies are linked to hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn, with Rhesus (including D and c) and Kell antigens carrying the highest risk of disease. To date, a multicenter, comprehensive evaluation of hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn due to Rhesus antigen alloantibodies in the United States has not been undertaken.

Rational Design of Safer Inorganic Nanoparticles via Mechanistic Modeling-informed Machine Learning.

The safety of inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) remains a critical challenge for their clinical translation. To address this, we developed a machine-learning (ML) framework that predicts NP toxicity both and , leveraging physicochemical properties and experimental conditions. A curated cytotoxicity dataset was used to train and validate binary classification models, with top-performing models undergoing explainability analysis to identify key determinants of toxicity and establish structure-toxicity relationships.

Efficient Brain Tumor Detection and Segmentation Using DN-MRCNN With Enhanced Imaging Technique.

This article proposes a method called DenseNet 121-Mask R-CNN (DN-MRCNN) for the detection and segmentation of brain tumors. The main objective is to reduce the execution time and accurately locate and segment the tumor, including its subareas. The input images undergo preprocessing techniques such as median filtering and Gaussian filtering to reduce noise and artifacts, as well as improve image quality.

Constructing Patient Resources Keeping Literacy and Readability in Mind.

Librarians build health literacy, beginning with a focus on literacy and information literacy and moving to health literacy for different age and ethnic groups, and levels of literacy groups. Today with media, librarians have concern for the method of how to build literacy. They apply a readability formula to assess health information in multi-languages and different formats to assure each constituency can build their literacy level.

Trends in Readmissions Rates and Mortality after Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy in Patients with Nonischemic Cardiomyopathy.

Introduction: Advances in cardiac implanted electronic devices (CIED) have significantly improved outcomes for patients with heart failure. However, there is a bereft of recent real- world data on the relative effectiveness of cardiac resynchronization therapy with pacing and defibrillator (CRT-D) and continuous resynchronization therapy with pacing (CRT-P) in patients with nonischemic cardiomyopathy (NICM). We hypothesized that the addition of defibrillation therapy in patients with NICM would offer no significant benefit.

A Compromised Maxillofacial Wound Healing Model for Characterization of Particulate Bone Grafting: An In Vivo Study in Rabbits.

Preclinical testing of tissue engineering modalities are commonly performed in a healthy wound bed. These conditions do not represent clinically relevant compromised oral wound environments due to radiation treatments seen clinically. This study aimed to characterize the bone regeneration outcomes in critical-sized mandibular defects using particulate grafting in an irradiated preclinical model of compromised wound healing.

First report of causing leaf spot on tea () in China.

Duyun Maojian Tea mainly cultivated in Duyun City is one of the ten famous teas in China. A brown leaf spot was discovered in March 2023 in Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities' Maojian Tea experimental field (26.29°N, 107.

Best practices for engaging with affected communities: chronic hepatitis B as a case study.

Hepatitis B is the single most common cause of liver cancer, affecting > 250 million people worldwide (mostly in resource limited communities) and killing > 1 million people annually. The condition is marked by poor rates of diagnosis (14%) and treatment (8% of eligible individuals). As with many health conditions, engagement with the affected community is crucial for designing, promoting, and advocating for effective solutions in the health system.

Comparing the impact of online and in-person active learning in preclinical medical education.

Background: Case-based active learning groups (ALGs) are an approach to learning medicine through the exploration of patient cases in a collaborative small group setting. Owing to the COVID-19 pandemic, this institution had to convert the preclinical curriculum to a virtual format. Currently, few studies have explored the effects of this change on relationships and skills in case-based learning, and our study aimed to explore the impact of the virtual curriculum on future physicians' interpersonal development and learning preferences.

The transcriptomic architecture of common cancers reflects synthetic lethal interactions.

To maintain cell fitness, deleterious genetic alterations are buffered by compensatory changes in additional genes. In cancer, buffering processes could be targeted by synthetic lethality. However, despite the large-scale identification of synthetic lethal effects in preclinical models, evidence that these operate clinically is limited.

Neuromorphic deviations associated with transcriptomic expression and specific cell type in Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is known to be associated with cortical anatomical atrophy and neurodegeneration across various brain regions. However, the relationships between brain structural changes in AD and gene expression remain unclear. We perform the morphometric similarity network (MSN) analysis to reveal the consistent cortical structural differences in individuals with AD compared to controls, and investigate the associations between brain-wide gene expression and morphometric changes.

Identification of plasma proteomic markers underlying polygenic risk of type 2 diabetes and related comorbidities.

Genomics can provide insight into the etiology of type 2 diabetes and its comorbidities, but assigning functionality to non-coding variants remains challenging. Polygenic scores, which aggregate variant effects, can uncover mechanisms when paired with molecular data. Here, we test polygenic scores for type 2 diabetes and cardiometabolic comorbidities for associations with 2,922 circulating proteins in the UK Biobank.

Disproportionality Analysis and Causal Inference in Drug Safety.

Disproportionality analysis is a method of safety signal detection based on quantitative analysis of spontaneous reports of adverse events. Disproportionality findings are often presented in medical publications as real-world evidence on drug safety. In this paper, we review theoretical properties of disproportionality analysis in the framework of causal inference theory.

Sit-up test to assess orthostatic hypotension in individuals with spinal cord injury.

Aim: Individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) have an increased prevalence of orthostatic hypotension (OH). Diagnosis of OH is made with active standing or tilt table testing, with limited the use in individuals with SCI.

Methods: An alternative approach to assess OH is the sit-up test, which involves passive repositioning from the supine to the seated position.

RANKL-derived peptide MHP1-AcN attenuates ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis by targeting RANK and TNFR1 in mice.

Purpose: Estrogen deficiency following menopause increases receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL) expression in osteoblasts, thereby promoting osteoclast differentiation, and enhances T cell-derived tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) production, which induces sclerostin expression in osteocytes, thereby inhibiting bone formation. This study aimed to develop a novel uncoupling therapeutic agent for osteoporosis.

Methods: We developed microglial healing peptide 1 with N-terminal acetylation and C-terminal amidation (MHP1-AcN), a modified RANKL peptide with N-terminal acetylation and C-terminal amidation lacking the osteoclast activating CD loop.

An Energy-Efficient Configurable 1-D CNN-Based Multi-Lead ECG Classification Coprocessor for Wearable Cardiac Monitoring Devices.

Many electrocardiogram (ECG) processors have been widely used for cardiac monitoring. However, most of them have relatively low energy efficiency, and lack configurability in classification leads number and inference algorithm models. A multi-lead ECG coprocessor is proposed in this paper, which can perform efficient ECG anomaly detection.