Culturally Adapting an Occupational Therapy Intervention for Black American Autistic Communities.

Importance: Ayres Sensory Integration® is an evidence-based intervention for autistic children, but there is no culturally responsive adaptation to support Black American autistic children and their families.

Objective: To culturally adapt an occupational therapy intervention for Black American families.

Design: Qualitative study involving focus groups and interviews, using researcher triangulation and member-checking surveys for the trustworthiness of findings.

The role of non-operative management for high-grade renal injuries.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the long-term outcomes of non-operative, operative, and minimally invasive surgery management of high-grade renal injuries (Grades III-V) in an underserved population at a high-volume trauma center.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review of 93 patients who sustained high-grade renal trauma and presented to University Hospital, a Level 1 trauma center, between 2017 and 2022. The patients were categorized by initial management strategy: non-operative, operative, or minimally invasive surgery (endoscopic urologic and interventional radiologic procedures).

Shared decision making in routine oncology appointments with Black patients with lung cancer.

Purpose: Poor clinician-patient communication may contribute to racialized inequities in cancer symptom burden. Shared decision-making (SDM) enhances clinician-patient communication, and could contribute to health equity for Black patients with cancer. However, research on SDM is limited for Black patients with cancer.

Scaling new heights: a prospective survey of rock climbing's impact on mental health.

Background: Sport climbing, officially added to the 2020 Summer Olympics, has grown rapidly, with U.S. climbing gyms increasing from 310 in 2013 to 591 in 2021.

The Intersectional Influence of Experienced Stigma on Clinically Significant Depressive Symptoms Among Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex with Men.

We sought to determine how intersectional stigma, operationalized by interactions of perceived stigma experiences in adulthood attributed to various social identities/characteristics (age, gender, race, ethnicity/nationality, religion, height/weight, other aspect of appearance [unrelated to the identities/characteristics listed-e.g. height/weight/race/gender], physical disability, sexual orientation, and HIV status), associates with clinically significant depressive symptoms (DS).

Predicting Postprandial Glycemic Responses With Limited Data in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes.

Background: A core challenge in managing diabetes is predicting glycemic responses to meals. Prior work identified significant interindividual variation in responses and developed personalized forecasts. However, intraindividual variation is still not well understood, and the most accurate approaches require invasive microbiome data.

Preclinical Evidence for the Use of Brexpiprazole + Antidepressant Treatment for Major Depressive Disorder and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: A Systematic Review.

Purpose: Brexpiprazole, when administered with antidepressant therapy, may provide additional benefits due to complementary actions on noradrenaline (norepinephrine), serotonin, and dopamine neurotransmitter systems. This review addressed the question: what information can preclinical studies provide on the use of brexpiprazole + antidepressant treatment?

Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted to search for preclinical studies of brexpiprazole + antidepressant therapy that included a behavioral test relating to any psychiatric disorder. Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid Embase, and conference abstracts were searched (January 1, 2011-July 5, 2021).

Os Acetabuli Do Not Portend Inferior 2-Year Functional Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Arthroscopic Acetabular Labral Reconstruction.

Purpose: To investigate whether os acetabuli identified preoperatively influence functional outcomes 2 years after an arthroscopic acetabular labral reconstruction.

Methods: Retrospective study with prospectively collected data of patients undergoing primary hip arthroscopy by a single, fellowship-trained surgeon at a single institution were retrospectively reviewed. Inclusion criteria included age ≥18 years and completion of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) preoperatively and at 3-month, 6-month, 12-month, and last follow-up timepoints.

Effects of feeding varying levels of mycotoxin-containing corn fines on diet choice and growth performance of nursery pigs.

Mycotoxins in feed are known to negatively affect growth and other physiological processes in pigs. Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of feeding diets with varying levels of mycotoxins and boron (a nutrient reported to mitigate some aspects of mycotoxicosis). Screenings from the 2020 crop year corn contained mycotoxin levels of 23,038 ppb total fumonisins (FUM), 1,446 ppb zearalenone (ZEA), and 5,032 ppb total deoxynivalenol (DON).

Arthroscopic Bone Grafting of Anterior Cruciate Ligament and Posterior Cruciate Ligament Tibial and Femoral Tunnels as a First-Stage Procedure.

Recurrent multiligament knee injuries present unique challenges when performing revision ligament reconstructions. Bone tunnel widening is relatively common and considered a multifactorial condition that involves both biomechanical and biologic factors. When indicated, two-stage procedures ensure optimal revision reconstruction tunnel sizes and locations before ligament reconstruction and promote improved outcomes.

Evaluation of the endocrine disrupting potential of Di-isodecyl phthalate.

Low molecular weight -phthalates have been implicated in perturbing androgen pathways when administered during the masculinization programming window. Di-isodecyl phthalate (DIDP) is a high molecular weight phthalate and as a high production volume chemical, its ability to disrupt endocrine pathways is important to understand its potential hazard. Both DIDP (and its metabolites) were evaluated to determine the potential to perturb endocrine pathways through a weight of evidence (WoE) assessment in accordance with the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA)/European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) Endocrine Disruptor Guidance (2018).

Case report: rapid growth of malignant phyllodes tumor.

Phyllodes tumors (PT) are exceedingly rare fibroepithelial neoplasms that arise from breast stromal tissue, primarily occurring in women in the fourth and fifth decade. This poses a diagnostic challenge among younger women with breast masses, such as those in their late teens to early thirties, where benign breast masses such as fibroadenomas are more common. In this report, a 19-year-old female presented with a rapidly enlarging complex mass of the right breast over the course of two months.

An Industry Perspective on the Use of Novel Excipients in Lipid Nanoparticles-Nonclinical Considerations.

Nucleic acid drug delivery with lipid nanoparticle (LNP) formulations has enabled the development of novel therapeutics and vaccines. LNP formulations are composed of both naturally occurring and synthetic lipid excipients. This perspective shares current practices in the nonclinical safety assessment of novel lipid excipients contained in LNP formulations and identifies gaps in current regulatory guidance on this topic.

Pseudocyclops lesion treated conservatively: a case report.

Background: This case report explores the rare complication of a pseudocyclops lesion within an anterior cruciate ligament autograft, identified in a patient with a recent knee injury and an existing anterior cruciate ligament autograft graft. Notably, this case was managed conservatively, diverging from typical surgical interventions, and resulted in a successful outcome.

Case Presentation: A 37-year-old Caucasian male with a prior anterior cruciate ligament autograft sustained a new knee injury; 9 days post-injury, he presented with persistent pain and swelling, exacerbated by weight-bearing, and limited knee extension, though no instability was noted.

Breast cancer beliefs and screening behaviors among South Asian immigrant women living in the United States.

Background: Breast cancer incidence is increasing among South Asian women in the United States (US). This qualitative study explored breast cancer beliefs, behaviors, and experiences among South Asian immigrant women in New Jersey (NJ).

Methods: We conducted four online focus groups with South Asian women from NJ, aged ≥ 25 years with no prior history of cancer, in English, between June 2021 and July 2022.

Safety and biocompatibility of a novel biodegradable aflibercept-drug delivery system in rhesus macaques.

A clinical need exists for more effective intravitreal (IVT) drug delivery systems (DDS). This study tested the hypothesis that a novel biodegradable, injectable microsphere-hydrogel drug delivery system loaded with aflibercept (aflibercept-DDS) would exhibit long-term safety and biocompatibility in a non-human primate (NHP) model. We generated aflibercept-loaded poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) microparticles with a modified double emulsion technique then embedded them into a biodegradable, thermo-responsive poly (ethylene glycol)-co-(L-lactic-acid) diacrylate/N-isopropylacrylamide hydrogel.

Strategies for studying sex differences in brain aging.

Studying sex effects and their underlying mechanisms is of major relevance to understanding brain health. Despite growing interests, experimentally studying sex differences, particularly in the context of aging, remains challenging. Since sex chromosomal content influences gonadal development, separating the effects of gonadal hormones and chromosomal factors requires specific model systems.

Heat treatments to kill eggs of two invasive forest insects: Lycorma delicatula (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae) and Lymantria dispar (Lepidoptera: Erebidae).

The spotted lanternfly (Lycorma delicatula) and spongy moth (Lymantria dispar) are notorious invasive forest pests that are spread through human-mediated transport to invade new habitats. In this study, spotted lanternfly and spongy moth eggs were exposed to various temperature-exposure time (35 to 70 °C and 15 to 135 min) treatments in the laboratory. Spotted lanternfly egg masses were collected from various sites in 2022 and 2023, while the spongy moth egg masses were obtained from lab-reared colonies.

Material-sparing degradation-kinetics model for thermolabile drug stability assessment during twin-screw melt granulation - Insights with gabapentin.

Twin-Screw Melt Granulation (TSMG) has emerged as a viable manufacturing process for continuous granulation due to short residence time (<1 min) while maintaining drug crystallinity. However, TSMG relies on heat and shear, making it challenging to process thermolabile drugs like gabapentin (GABA). The absence of a material-sparing model to evaluate TSMG feasibility for such drugs has limited adoption.

Large-scale control over collective cell migration using light-activated epidermal growth factor receptors.

Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) play key roles in coordinating cell movement at both single-cell and tissue scales. The recent development of optogenetic tools for controlling RTKs and their downstream signaling pathways suggests that these responses may be amenable to engineering-based control for sculpting tissue shape and function. Here, we report that a light-controlled epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (OptoEGFR) can be deployed in epithelial cells for precise, programmable control of long-range tissue movements.

Relationship between posaconazole concentrations and clinical outcomes in paediatric cancer and haematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.

Background: Posaconazole is used to prevent and treat invasive fungal infections (IFIs) in immunocompromised children, including those undergoing cancer treatment or HSCT. Despite differences in pharmacokinetics and IFI epidemiology between children and adults, therapeutic targets established in adult studies are often applied to children.

Objectives: This systematic review evaluated the correlation between serum posaconazole concentrations and clinical outcomes of IFI prophylaxis and treatment in children with malignancies or HSCT recipients.

Study of toxic and essential elemental imbalances at more advance stage of breast carcinoma patients.

Delayed diagnosis and limited access to healthcare resources are leading to advanced stage breast carcinoma posing a formidable health challenge to modern medical science. Avoiding the occurrence of breast carcinoma is only possible by ascertaining the risk factors contributing to the progression of this fatal malignancy. Among other factors, exposure to trace elements plays a decisive role in progression of breast carcinoma development.

Impact of Histology on Clinical Outcomes of Pembrolizumab Monotherapy in Patients With Advanced or Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma in the Phase 3 KEYNOTE-045 and KEYNOTE-361 Trials.

Introduction: A post hoc analysis of efficacy and safety outcomes with pembrolizumab monotherapy was conducted in patients with advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma (UC) with pure transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) or mixed predominant TCC histology enrolled in the phase 3 KEYNOTE-045 and KEYNOTE-361 studies.

Methods: Adults with platinum-refractory advanced or metastatic UC who received pembrolizumab monotherapy in KEYNOTE-045 and adults with advanced or metastatic UC and no prior systemic chemotherapy who received pembrolizumab monotherapy in KEYNOTE-361 were analyzed separately. Pembrolizumab 200 mg was administered intravenously every 3 weeks for ≤2 years.

The Influence of Perimenstrual Daily Ovarian Hormones on Anxiety and Cigarette Craving.

Introduction: Estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P) and their fluctuation during the female menstrual cycle have been independently linked to both nicotine reinforcement and anxiety. The fluctuation and withdrawal of E2 and P during perimenstrum (days before and during menses) is a vulnerability window for emotional distress, thus the hormonal influence on anxiety and craving may be amplified during perimenstrum.

Method: Naturalistic daily data were collected from non-treatment-seeking females who endorsed daily cigarette smoking (N=50).