DNA Methylation Profile in Buffy Coat Identifies Methylation Differences Between Cirrhosis with and Without Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Background/objectives: Cirrhosis is the precursor to most cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Understanding the mechanisms leading to the transition from cirrhosis to HCC and identifying key biomarkers is crucial to developing effective screening strategies and reducing HCC-related mortality. DNA methylation is associated with gene inactivation and plays an important role in physiological and pathological processes; however, its role in cirrhosis progression to HCC is unknown.

Direct-Acting Oral Anticoagulants in the Management of Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis-Where Do We Stand?

Background: Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVT) is a rare cause of stroke, constituting 0.5-3% of all strokes with an extremely varied spectrum of presentation, predisposing factors, neuroimaging findings, and eventual outcomes. A high index of suspicion is needed because timely diagnosis can significantly alter the natural course of the disease, reduce acute complications, and improve long-term outcomes.

Would the Oceans Become Toxic to Humanity Due to Use and Mismanagement of Plastics?

The production of plastics and associated products, including microplastics (MPs), has been surging over the past several decades and now poses a grave environmental threat. This is because when not appropriately recycled, incinerated, or disposed of in fully contained landfills, plastic waste manifests as a potent pollutant, with vast amounts finding their way into oceans annually, adversely impacting marine life and ecosystems. Additionally, research also confirms there are direct impacts from MPs on water, air, and soil, impacting ecosystem and human health.

Genome-Wide Scans for Selection Signatures in Haimen Goats Reveal Candidate Genes Associated with Growth Traits.

Understanding the genetic characteristics of indigenous goat breeds is vital for their conservation and breeding. Haimen goats, native to China's Yangtze River Delta, possess distinctive traits such as white hair, moderate growth rate, high-quality meat, and small body size. However, knowledge regarding the genetic structure and germplasm characteristics of Haimen goats remains limited.

High clinical burden of classical homocystinuria in the United States: a retrospective analysis.

Background: Classical homocystinuria (HCU) is a rare genetic metabolic disorder resulting in elevated homocysteine and methionine levels. The clinical characteristics and associated complications of HCU are well documented. However, there is limited published research on the clinical burden of patients with HCU, especially stratified by total homocysteine (tHcy) levels.

V3+ extends the V3 framework to ensure user-centricity and scalability of sensor-based digital health technologies.

We propose the addition of usability validation to the extended V3 framework, now "V3+", and describe a pragmatic approach to ensuring that sensor-based digital health technologies can be used optimally at scale by diverse users. Alongside the original V3 components (verification; analytical validation; clinical validation), usability validation will ensure user-centricity of digital measurement tools, paving the way for more inclusive, reliable, and trustworthy digital measures within clinical research and clinical care.

Imaging cells and nanoparticles using modulated optically computed phase microscopy.

Nanoparticles (NPs) have been successfully used as drug delivery systems. To develop and optimize NP-based drug delivery systems, it is essential to understand the dynamics of cell-NP interactions. Quantitative phase imaging techniques enable label-free imaging and have the potential to reveal how cells interact with NPs.

Silver single atoms and nanoparticles on floatable monolithic photocatalysts for synergistic solar water disinfection.

Photocatalytic water disinfection technology is highly promising in off-grid areas due to abundant year-round solar irradiance. However, the practical use of powdered photocatalysts is impeded by limited recovery and inefficient inactivation of stress-resistant bacteria in oligotrophic surface water. Here we prepare a floatable monolithic photocatalyst with ZIF-8-NH loaded Ag single atoms and nanoparticles (Ag/ZIF).

Network structure influences the strength of learned neural representations.

From sequences of discrete events, humans build mental models of their world. Referred to as graph learning, the process produces a model encoding the graph of event-to-event transition probabilities. Recent evidence suggests that some networks are easier to learn than others, but the neural underpinnings of this effect remain unknown.

Clinical outcomes of patients with unsuccessful mechanical thrombectomy versus best medical management of medium vessel occlusion stroke in the middle cerebral artery territory.

Background: Current randomized controlled trials are investigating the efficacy and safety of mechanical thrombectomy (MT) in patients with medium vessel occlusion (MeVO) stroke. Whether best medical management (MM) is more efficient than unsuccessful vessel recanalization during MT remains unknown.

Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study using data from 37 academic centers across North America, Asia, and Europe between September 2017 and July 2021.

A proposed screening strategy for evaluating the genotoxicity potential of botanicals and botanical extracts.

Botanicals have long been used to promote health and treat diseases, but the safety of many currently marketed botanicals has not been adequately evaluated. Given the chemical complexity of botanicals, which often contain numerous unknown constituents, and their widespread use, comprehensive toxicity assessments are needed. The Botanical Safety Consortium was established to address this challenge.

Diagnostic testing for hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis.

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare clinical syndrome caused by severe systemic hyperinflammation. HLH can be rapidly fatal if unrecognized or inadequately treated. It is important that clinicians are able to utilize diagnostic testing to assess for HLH and determine the underlying causes including possible inborn errors of immunity (IEI).

Consensus statement on the treatment of proximal humerus fractures: a Delphi approach by the Neer Circle of the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons.

Background: The treatment of patients who suffer a proximal humeral fracture (PHF) remains controversial. The purpose of this study was to find consensus among experts using a validated iterative process in the treatment of patients after a PHF.

Methods: The Neer Circle is an organization of shoulder experts recognized for their service to the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons.

Release of poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances from AFFF-impacted soils: Effects of water saturation in vadose zone soils.

Soil samples collected from an aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF)-impacted sandy soil formation at two depth intervals above the water table were used in bench-scale column experiments to evaluate the release of poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) under different degrees of water saturation. Artificial rainwater was applied to the soils under constant and variably saturated conditions. Results from constant saturation experiments suggest that retention of PFAS mass at air-water interfaces was evident in the deep soil (f < 0.

Paediatric strategy forum for medicinal product development in diffuse midline gliomas in children and adolescents ACCELERATE in collaboration with the European Medicines Agency with participation of the Food and Drug Administration.

Fewer than 10 % of children with diffuse midline glioma (DMG) survive 2 years from diagnosis. Radiation therapy remains the cornerstone of treatment and there are no medicinal products with regulatory approval. Although the biology of DMG is better characterized, this has not yet translated into effective treatments.

Molecular classification of endometrial cancers (EC) and association with relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) outcomes: Ancillary analysis of GOG-0258.

Purpose: Determine if molecular classification using mismatch repair (MMR) and p53 protein expression predicts recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) in endometrial cancer (EC) patients treated with chemotherapy and radiation (CRT) versus chemotherapy (CT).

Methods: GOG-0258, a phase III randomized trial (NCT00942357), compared CRT to CT. Immunohistochemistry assessed MMR and p53 status.

Lisfranc Fracture-dislocation With Extensor Hallucis Brevis Tendon Interposition: A Case Report.

Case: A 14-year-old adolescent girl sustained a Lisfranc fracture-dislocation with an interposed extensor hallucis brevis (EHB) tendon. Following multiple failed attempts at closed reduction in both the emergency department and the operating room, the patient was treated in a staged manner with temporizing closed reduction and percutaneous pinning in improved alignment, followed by definitive open reduction and internal fixation once soft tissues allowed.

Conclusions: Anatomic reduction and stable fixation of Lisfranc injuries is vital to regain stability and reduce the risk of midfoot arthritis and collapse.

Lost opportunities: How gendered arrangements harm men.

Traditional gendered arrangements-norms, roles, prejudices, and hierarchies-shape every human life. Associated harms are primarily framed as women's issues due to more severe consequences women face. Yet, gendered arrangements also shape 's relationships, career paths, and health.

Macromolecular interactions and geometrical confinement determine the 3D diffusion of ribosome-sized particles in live cells.

The crowded bacterial cytoplasm is composed of biomolecules that span several orders of magnitude in size and electrical charge. This complexity has been proposed as the source of the rich spatial organization and apparent anomalous diffusion of intracellular components, although this has not been tested directly. Here, we use biplane microscopy to track the 3D motion of self-assembled bacterial genetically encoded multimeric nanoparticles (bGEMs) with tunable size (20 to 50 nm) and charge (-3,240 to +2,700 e) in live cells.

Pharmacokinetic and Exposure-Response Modeling Support Body Surface Area-Based Dosing of Farletuzumab Ecteribulin in Japanese Patients with Solid Tumors.

The first-in-human, Phase 1 Study 101 showed antitumor activity and a tolerable safety profile of farletuzumab ecteribulin in Japanese patients with platinum-resistant ovarian and non-small cell lung cancer. A pharmacometric assessment evaluated farletuzumab ecteribulin pharmacokinetics and exposure-response (E-R) relationships for efficacy and safety to support dose optimization. Patients received 0.

Nutritional Interventions to Attenuate Quadriceps Muscle Deficits following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury and Reconstruction.

Following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury, quadriceps muscle atrophy persists despite rehabilitation, leading to loss of lower limb strength, osteoarthritis, poor knee joint health and reduced quality of life. However, the molecular mechanisms responsible for these deficits in hypertrophic adaptations within the quadriceps muscle following ACL injury and reconstruction are poorly understood. While resistance exercise training stimulates skeletal muscle hypertrophy, attenuation of these hypertrophic pathways can hinder rehabilitation following ACL injury and reconstruction, and ultimately lead to skeletal muscle atrophy that persists beyond ACL reconstruction, similar to disuse atrophy.

Treatment Patterns and Economic Burden of Ulcerative Colitis in Japan: A Retrospective Claims Analysis.

Introduction: This retrospective claims analysis characterized contemporary ulcerative colitis (UC) treatment patterns and investigated the economic burden of UC in Japan.

Methods: This study used anonymized claims data in the Medical Data Vision database. Patients were included if they had a confirmed UC diagnosis and ≥ 1 claim of systemic treatment for UC (index date) between June 2018 and December 2022, in addition to continuous enrollment for ≥ 6 months before and ≥ 12 months after the index date.

Day-case gastrostomy insertion in children: an achievable reality.

Purpose: Recent efforts have sought to streamline gastrostomy insertion care, particularly length of stay (LOS). We report our initial experience with day-case gastrostomy (DCG) insertion.

Method: Retrospective review (April 2018-2024) of all primary gastrostomy insertions.