Comparative Postoperative Complications of Acellular Dermal Matrix and Mesh Use in Prepectoral and Subpectoral One-Stage Direct to Implant Reconstruction: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: One-stage direct-to-implant (DTI) breast reconstruction is increasingly popular with the use of prepectoral reconstruction leading to increased demand for structural scaffolds. It is vital to determine if differences in safety profiles exist among scaffolds.

Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study of consecutive patients in our breast cancer center undergoing DTI reconstruction.

Cross-species comparison of AlphaFold-derived G protein-coupled receptor structures reveals novel melatonin-related receptor in Neurospora crassa.

Melatonin, a molecule with diverse biological functions, is ubiquitously present in living organisms. There is significant interest in understanding melatonin signal transduction pathways in humans, particularly due to its critical role in regulating the sleep-wake cycle. However, a knowledge gap remains in fully elucidating the mechanisms by which melatonin influences circadian regulation.

Racial disparities in extended venous thromboembolism prophylaxis after hysterectomy.

Background: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a significant preventable cause of postoperative morbidity and mortality after major abdominopelvic surgery that calls for extended VTE prophylaxis (eVTEp). Literature suggests that significant racial disparities may exist in post-operative care.

Objective: The study sought to examine if racial disparities exist in the administration of eVTEp after hysterectomy in a statewide collaborative.

Organismal complexity strongly correlates with the number of protein families and domains.

In the pregenomic era, scientists were puzzled by the observation that haploid genome size (the C-value) did not correlate well with organismal complexity. This phenomenon, called the "C-value paradox," is mostly explained by the fact that protein-coding genes occupy only a small fraction of eukaryotic genomes. When the first genome sequences became available, scientists were even more surprised by the fact that the number of genes (G-value) was also a poor predictor of complexity, which gave rise to the "G-value paradox.

One-Year Real-World Outcomes of Ab-Externo Gel Stent Placement From the EXPAND Study.

Prcis: In the real-world, retrospective, EXPAND study of consecutive adults with glaucoma, ab-externo gel stent implantation effectively lowered intraocular pressure (34%) and the medication burden (61%), with transient/self-resolving hypotony as the most frequent adverse event (28%).

Purpose: To assess effectiveness and safety of ab-externo gel stent (GS) implantation in glaucoma.

Methods: Multicenter, real-world, retrospective study.

Catheterizations Reduced Following a Protocol Change for Postoperative Urinary Retention Following Total Joint Arthroplasty With Spinal Anesthesia.

Introduction: Postoperative urinary retention (POUR) is a common concern after total joint arthroplasty (TJA). However, overdiagnosis of POUR by bladder scans may lead to unnecessary interventions and associated complications. The purpose of this study was to determine the viability of a selective bladder scanning protocol to reduce overdiagnosis of POUR following TJA.

Larsucosterol for the Treatment of Alcohol-Associated Hepatitis.

Background: Larsucosterol is a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor in development for alcohol-associated hepatitis (AH), a disease for which there is no approved therapy.

Methods: In this phase 2b trial, patients with severe AH were randomly assigned 1:1:1 to receive 30 mg or 90 mg of larsucosterol or placebo; a second dose was administered after 72 hours if the patient remained hospitalized. All patients received supportive care as determined by investigators.

Measurement of multidifferential cross sections for dijet production in proton-proton collisions at .

A measurement of the dijet production cross section is reported based on proton-proton collision data collected in 2016 at by the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of up to 36.3 . Jets are reconstructed with the anti- algorithm for distance parameters of and 0.

Efficacy and Safety of Mechanical Thrombectomy in Distal Medium Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Ischemic Stroke Patients on Low-Dose Aspirin.

Background: Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) from distal medium vessel occlusion (DMVO) presents unique treatment challenges. Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) is emerging as a viable option for these patients, yet the role of pre-stroke aspirin treatment is unclear. This study evaluates the impact of pre-stroke low-dose aspirin on outcomes in DMVO patients undergoing MT.

Identification of a TNIK-CDK9 axis as a targetable strategy for platinum-resistant ovarian cancer.

Up to 90% of high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC) patients will develop resistance to platinum-based chemotherapy, posing substantial therapeutic challenges due to a lack of universally druggable targets. Leveraging BenevolentAI's AI-driven approach to target discovery, we screened potential AI-predicted therapeutic targets mapped to unapproved tool compounds in patient-derived 3D models. This identified TNIK, which is modulated by NCB-0846, as a novel target for platinum-resistant HGSC.

Economic impact associated with dronedarone use in patients with atrial fibrillation.

Objective/AimIn 2009, dronedarone was approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration based on results from the ATHENA trial (NCT00174785), which showed significant reduction of cardiovascular (CV) hospitalization and death in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) randomized to dronedarone versus placebo. In 2020, a retrospective study by Goehring et al. showed CV hospitalizations and deaths were lower in clinical practice following initiation of dronedarone compared to other antiarrhythmic drugs (AADs) in patients with AF and atrial flutter.

The effect of caregiver opinion leaders to increase demand for evidence-based practices for youth anxiety: A cluster randomized controlled trial.

Background: Dissemination initiatives have the potential to increase consumer knowledge of and engagement with evidence-based treatments (e.g., cognitive behavioral therapy [CBT]).

Safety and efficacy of selective RIPK1 inhibitor SIR1-365 in hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19: A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, phase 1b trial.

Background: Receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1), a serine/threonine protein kinase, is mainly activated by pro-inflammatory cytokines and pathogens, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and its activation could result in apoptosis, necroptosis, or inflammation. This study was conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a potent and selective inhibitor of RIPK1, SIR1-365, in hospitalized patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Methods: This multicenter, randomized, double-blind, phase 1b study screened patients from December 18, 2020 until November 27, 2021.

Defining and responding to the contextual drivers for implementation of antimicrobial stewardship in 14 neonatal units in South Africa.

Background: Research on the contextual drivers of antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) programme interventions in neonatal units is limited.

Methods: As part of a prospective mixed-methods multidisciplinary neonatal AMS (NeoAMS) interventional study in 14 South African hospitals, we applied a three-phased process to assess implementation barriers and contextual drivers experienced by participating health professionals. The study included: (Phase one; P1) a survey of pre-intervention barriers and enablers; (P2) written feedback during the study intervention phase; and (P3) semi-structured exit interviews.

Brensocatib in patients with bronchiectasis: subgroup analyses from the WILLOW trial.

Introduction: Bronchiectasis is a chronic inflammatory airway disease. Brensocatib, an oral, reversible inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase 1 (DPP1), reduces pulmonary inflammation by preventing the activation of neutrophil serine proteases. In the phase II WILLOW trial, brensocatib prolonged time to first exacerbation in patients with bronchiectasis.

Environment scan of generative AI infrastructure for clinical and translational science.

This study reports a comprehensive environmental scan of the generative AI (GenAI) infrastructure in the national network for clinical and translational science across 36 institutions supported by the CTSA Program led by the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) at the United States. Key findings indicate a diverse range of institutional strategies, with most organizations in the experimental phase of GenAI deployment. The results underscore the need for a more coordinated approach to GenAI governance, emphasizing collaboration among senior leaders, clinicians, information technology staff, and researchers.

Impact of liver cirrhosis on morbidity and mortality of patients admitted to the hospital with necrotizing fasciitis.

Background: Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is a potentially fatal bacterial infection of the soft tissues. Liver cirrhosis appears to be a contributing factor to higher morbidity and mortality in patients with NF. This research article explores the relationship between these two conditions.

Determining a point of departure for skin sensitization potency and quantitative risk assessment of fragrance ingredients using the GARDskin dose-response assay.

Potency and quantitative risk assessment are essential for determining safe concentrations for the formulation of potential skin sensitizers into consumer products. Several new approach methodologies (NAMs) for skin sensitization hazard assessment have been developed, validated, and adopted in OECD test guidelines. However, work is ongoing to develop NAMs for predicting skin sensitization potency on a quantitative scale for use as a point of departure (POD) in next-generation risk assessment (NGRA).

A Decade of Oocyte Cryopreservation: New Horizons in Patients Accessing Care.

Utilization of fertility preservation treatments has increased since the American Society for Reproductive Medicine lifted the "experimental" label for oocyte cryopreservation in 2012. This study characterizes changes in insurance coverage, clinical outcomes, and live birth probabilities over a span of a decade (2012-2022) in patients who underwent planned oocyte cryopreservation. Retrospective analysis of planned oocyte cryopreservation cycles using vitrification from 2012 to 2022.

A review of clinical applications of pharmacokinetic simulations for a 2-month long-acting injectable formulation of aripiprazole.

Aripiprazole 2-month ready-to-use (Ari 2MRTU) is a long-acting injectable antipsychotic that was approved for use in Europe in March 2024, for the maintenance treatment of schizophrenia in adult patients stabilized with aripiprazole; it is administered via gluteal intramuscular injection once every two months. This review examines population pharmacokinetic model-based simulations relevant to the use of Ari 2MRTU in Europe, accompanied by expert commentary that contextualizes the simulations and highlights the potential implications of the availability of Ari 2MRTU for patients, caregivers, and clinicians. Various simulations conducted across 8 weeks (representing the first dosing interval), or 32 weeks (representing maintenance dosing) demonstrated an aripiprazole exposure profile for Ari 2MRTU that was similar to aripiprazole once-monthly (AOM), but with an extended dosing interval.

Hydrothermal growth and characterization of large RbSnBr double perovskite crystals: a promising semiconductor material for photocatalysis and optoelectronics.

In this study, we present the growth of large (millimeter- and centimeter-scale) crystals of RbSnBr double perovskite a hydrothermal process. The crystals and powders were successfully synthesized, yielding light-yellow products, and subjected to comprehensive characterization using powder and single crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) point analysis, and UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. Previously, methods such as solution growth, evaporation, and gel techniques have been employed to synthesize RbSnBr.

Race and Ethnicity, Neighborhood Social Deprivation and Medicare Home Health Agency Quality for Persons Living With Serious Illness.

Objective: Examine the relationship between race and ethnicity and area-level social deprivation and Medicare home health care (HHC) agency quality for seriously ill older adults receiving HHC.

Methods: A linear probability fixed effects model analyzed the association between patient-level predictors and HHC agency quality (star-rating), controlling for neighborhood level fixed effects. Linear mixed regression modeled the relationship between area-level social deprivation and receiving care from a high-quality HHC agency.

Chemotherapy in synergy with innate immune agonists enhances T cell priming for checkpoint inhibitor treatment in pancreatic cancer.

Background: The combination of conventional chemotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has been unsuccessful for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Administration of maximum tolerated dose of chemotherapy drugs may have immunosuppressive effects.

Methods: We thus tested, by using the preclinical model of PDACs including the genetically engineered mouse KPC spontaneous pancreatic tumor model and the pancreatic KPC tumor orthotopic implant model, the combinations of synthetic innate immune agonists including STING and NLRP3 agonist, respectively, and ICIs with or without chemotherapy.

Extensive benchmarking of a method that estimates external model performance from limited statistical characteristics.

Predictive model performance may deteriorate when applied to data sources that were not used for training, thus, external validation is a key step in successful model deployment. As access to patient-level external data sources is typically limited, we recently proposed a method that estimates external model performance using only external summary statistics. Here, we benchmark the proposed method on multiple tasks using five large heterogeneous US data sources, where each, in turn, plays the role of an internal source and the remaining-external.