Plant Compounds Inhibit the Growth of W12 Cervical Precancer Cells Containing Episomal or Integrant HPV DNA; Tanshinone IIA Synergizes with Curcumin in Cervical Cancer Cells.

This study explores the effects of plant compounds on human papillomavirus (HPV)-induced W12 cervical precancer cells and bioelectric signaling. The aim is to identify effective phytochemicals, both individually and in combination, that can prevent and treat HPV infection and HPV associated cervical cancer. Phytochemicals were tested using growth inhibition, combination, gene expression, RT PCR, and molecular docking assays.

Patterns of Isoform Variation for N Gene Subgenomic mRNAs in Betacoronavirus Transcriptomes.

The nucleocapsid (N) protein is the most expressed protein in later stages of SARS-CoV-2 infection with several important functions. It is translated from a subgenomic mRNA (sgmRNA) formed by template switching during transcription. A recently described translation initiation site (TIS) with a CTG codon in the leader sequence (TIS-L) is out of frame with most structural and accessory genes including the N gene and may act as a translation suppressor.

Optimization of Carrier-Based Dry Powder Inhaler Performance: A Review.

Dry powder inhalers (DPI's) are becoming increasingly popular due to growing interest in pulmonary drug delivery and their performance is the net result of a series of processes carried out during the formulation development and manufacturing process such as excipient selection, blending, milling, filling, and spray drying. To reach the small airways of the deep lung, the active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) particles need to have an aerodynamic diameter of 1-5 μm to avoid impaction and particle sedimentation in the upper respiratory tract, and due to this small particle size, the powder becomes highly cohesive resulting in poor flow. Therefore, API is usually blended with a coarse carrier to improve flowability, and due to its large size, it is more fluidizable than the micronized drug.

Enhancing the Solubility of Co-Formulated Hydrophobic Drugs by Incorporating Functionalized Nano-Structured Poly Lactic--glycolic Acid (PLGA) During Co-Precipitation.

: The co-formulation of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) is a growing strategy in biopharmaceutical development, particularly when it comes to improving solubility and bioavailability. This study explores a co-precipitation method to prepare co-formulated crystals of griseofulvin (GF) and dexamethasone (DXM), utilizing nanostructured, functionalized polylactic glycolic acid (PLGA) as a solubility enhancer. : An antisolvent precipitation technique was employed to incorporate PLGA at a 3% concentration into the co-formulated GF and DXM, referred to as DXM-GF-PLGA.

Vitamin D: Evidence-Based Health Benefits and Recommendations for Population Guidelines.

Vitamin D offers numerous under-recognized health benefits beyond its well-known role in musculoskeletal health. It is vital for extra-renal tissues, prenatal health, brain function, immunity, pregnancy, cancer prevention, and cardiovascular health. Existing guidelines issued by governmental and health organizations are bone-centric and largely overlook the abovementioned extra-skeletal benefits and optimal thresholds for vitamin D.

Dietary Factors and Interventions for Cognitive Impairment and Dementia.

Nutrition is an important lifestyle factor that can reduce the risk of future cognitive impairment and various neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and AD-related dementias (ADRDs) [...

Optimizing Soil Stabilization with Chitosan: Investigating Acid Concentration, Temperature, and Long-Term Strength.

Civil and geotechnical researchers are searching for economical alternatives to replace traditional soil stabilizers such as cement, which have negative impacts on the environment. Chitosan biopolymer has shown its capacity to efficiently minimize soil erosion, reduce hydraulic conductivity, and adsorb heavy metals in soil that is contaminated. This research used unconfined compression strength (UCS) to investigate the impact of chitosan content, long-term strength assessment, acid concentration, and temperature on the improvement of soil strength.

Exploring Predictors of Type 2 Diabetes Within Animal-Sourced and Plant-Based Dietary Patterns with the XGBoost Machine Learning Classifier: NHANES 2013-2016.

: Understanding the relationship between dietary patterns, nutrient intake, and chronic disease risk is critical for public health strategies. However, confounding from lifestyle and individual factors complicates the assessment of diet-disease associations. Emerging machine learning (ML) techniques offer novel approaches to clarifying the importance of multifactorial predictors.

Homocysteine Metabolites, Endothelial Dysfunction, and Cardiovascular Disease.

Atherosclerosis is accompanied by inflammation that underlies cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its vascular manifestations, including acute stroke, myocardial infarction, and peripheral artery disease, the leading causes of morbidity/mortality worldwide. The monolayer of endothelial cells formed on the luminal surface of arteries and veins regulates vascular tone and permeability, which supports vascular homeostasis. Endothelial dysfunction, the first step in the development of atherosclerosis, is caused by mechanical and biochemical factors that disrupt vascular homeostasis and induce inflammation.

An Immunocytochemistry Method to Investigate the Translationally Active HIV Reservoir.

Despite the success of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) to suppress HIV replication, HIV persists in a long-lived reservoir that can give rise to rebounding viremia upon cART cessation. The translationally active reservoir consists of HIV-infected cells that continue to produce viral proteins even in the presence of cART. These active reservoir cells are implicated in the resultant viremia upon cART cessation and likely contribute to chronic immune activation in people living with HIV (PLWH) on cART.

Drug-Induced Myoclonus: A Systematic Review.

: Myoclonus is already associated with a wide variety of drugs and systemic conditions. As new components are discovered, more drugs are suspected of causing this disabling abnormal involuntary movement. This systematic review aims to assess the medications associated with drug-induced myoclonus (DIM).

Surgical Outcomes and Associated Morbidity of Active and Expectant Management of Second-Trimester Placenta Accreta Spectrum (PAS).

Management of second-trimester placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) is currently center-dependent with minimal evidence-based practices. This study aims to analyze outcomes of hysterectomy as second-trimester active management (AM) versus cesarean hysterectomy as expectant management (EM) in cases of PAS with intraoperative and postoperative outcomes. This study is a retrospective case-control study of patients with a pathology-confirmed diagnosis of PAS managed at a single center over 16 years (2005-2020).

Feeding Expressed Breast Milk Alters the Microbial Network of Breast Milk and Increases Breast Milk Microbiome Diversity over Time.

Breastfeeding supplies nutrition, immunity, and hormonal cues to infants. Feeding expressed breast milk may result in de-phased milk production and feeding times, which distort the real-time circadian cues carried by breast milk. We hypothesized that providing expressed breast milk alters the microbiotas of both breast milk and the infant's gut.

Comparative Outcomes of Meropenem-Vaborbactam vs. Ceftazidime-Avibactam Among Adults Hospitalized with an Infectious Syndrome in the US, 2019-2021.

: Meropenem-vaborbactam (MEV) and ceftazidime-avibactam (CZA) are active against "urgent threat" pathogens like carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE). However, few studies have compared outcomes between them. : To explore comparative outcomes of MEV vs.

Standardization for Data Generation and Collection in the Dairy Industry: Addressing Challenges and Charting a Path Forward.

Standards for data generation and collection are important for integration and for achieving data-driven actionable insights in dairy farming. Data integration and analysis are critical for advancing the dairy industry, enabling better decision-making, and improving operational efficiencies. This commentary paper discusses the challenges of and proposes pathways for standardizing data generation and collection based on insights from a multidisciplinary group of stakeholders.

Comprehensive Review of Early and Late Toxicities in CAR T-Cell Therapy and Bispecific Antibody Treatments for Hematologic Malignancies.

Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (or CAR-T) therapy and bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) have revolutionized the treatment of hematologic malignancies, offering new options for relapsed or refractory cases. However, these therapies carry risks of early complications, such as cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS), and delayed issues like graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), infections, and secondary cancers. Effective management requires early diagnosis using advanced biomarkers and imaging, along with prompt interventions involving immunosuppressants, corticosteroids, and cytokine inhibitors.

DNA Methylation Profile in Buffy Coat Identifies Methylation Differences Between Cirrhosis with and Without Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Background/objectives: Cirrhosis is the precursor to most cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Understanding the mechanisms leading to the transition from cirrhosis to HCC and identifying key biomarkers is crucial to developing effective screening strategies and reducing HCC-related mortality. DNA methylation is associated with gene inactivation and plays an important role in physiological and pathological processes; however, its role in cirrhosis progression to HCC is unknown.

Direct-Acting Oral Anticoagulants in the Management of Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis-Where Do We Stand?

Background: Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVT) is a rare cause of stroke, constituting 0.5-3% of all strokes with an extremely varied spectrum of presentation, predisposing factors, neuroimaging findings, and eventual outcomes. A high index of suspicion is needed because timely diagnosis can significantly alter the natural course of the disease, reduce acute complications, and improve long-term outcomes.

Would the Oceans Become Toxic to Humanity Due to Use and Mismanagement of Plastics?

The production of plastics and associated products, including microplastics (MPs), has been surging over the past several decades and now poses a grave environmental threat. This is because when not appropriately recycled, incinerated, or disposed of in fully contained landfills, plastic waste manifests as a potent pollutant, with vast amounts finding their way into oceans annually, adversely impacting marine life and ecosystems. Additionally, research also confirms there are direct impacts from MPs on water, air, and soil, impacting ecosystem and human health.

Genome-Wide Scans for Selection Signatures in Haimen Goats Reveal Candidate Genes Associated with Growth Traits.

Understanding the genetic characteristics of indigenous goat breeds is vital for their conservation and breeding. Haimen goats, native to China's Yangtze River Delta, possess distinctive traits such as white hair, moderate growth rate, high-quality meat, and small body size. However, knowledge regarding the genetic structure and germplasm characteristics of Haimen goats remains limited.

High clinical burden of classical homocystinuria in the United States: a retrospective analysis.

Background: Classical homocystinuria (HCU) is a rare genetic metabolic disorder resulting in elevated homocysteine and methionine levels. The clinical characteristics and associated complications of HCU are well documented. However, there is limited published research on the clinical burden of patients with HCU, especially stratified by total homocysteine (tHcy) levels.

V3+ extends the V3 framework to ensure user-centricity and scalability of sensor-based digital health technologies.

We propose the addition of usability validation to the extended V3 framework, now "V3+", and describe a pragmatic approach to ensuring that sensor-based digital health technologies can be used optimally at scale by diverse users. Alongside the original V3 components (verification; analytical validation; clinical validation), usability validation will ensure user-centricity of digital measurement tools, paving the way for more inclusive, reliable, and trustworthy digital measures within clinical research and clinical care.

Imaging cells and nanoparticles using modulated optically computed phase microscopy.

Nanoparticles (NPs) have been successfully used as drug delivery systems. To develop and optimize NP-based drug delivery systems, it is essential to understand the dynamics of cell-NP interactions. Quantitative phase imaging techniques enable label-free imaging and have the potential to reveal how cells interact with NPs.

Silver single atoms and nanoparticles on floatable monolithic photocatalysts for synergistic solar water disinfection.

Photocatalytic water disinfection technology is highly promising in off-grid areas due to abundant year-round solar irradiance. However, the practical use of powdered photocatalysts is impeded by limited recovery and inefficient inactivation of stress-resistant bacteria in oligotrophic surface water. Here we prepare a floatable monolithic photocatalyst with ZIF-8-NH loaded Ag single atoms and nanoparticles (Ag/ZIF).