Exploring the acute effects of running on cerebral blood flow and food cue reactivity in healthy young men using functional magnetic resonance imaging.

Acute exercise suppresses appetite and alters food-cue reactivity, but the extent exercise-induced changes in cerebral blood flow (CBF) influences the blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signal during appetite-related paradigms is not known. This study examined the impact of acute running on visual food-cue reactivity and explored whether such responses are influenced by CBF variability. In a randomised crossover design, 23 men (mean ± SD: 24 ± 4 years, 22.

An App-Based Intervention for Pediatric Weight Management: Pre-Post Acceptability and Feasibility Trial.

Background: A multidisciplinary approach to weight management is offered at tier 3 pediatric weight management services in the United Kingdom. Encouraging dietary change is a major aim, with patients meeting with dieticians, endocrinologists, psychologists, nurse specialists, and social workers on average every other month.

Objective: This research sought to trial an inhibitory control training smartphone app-FoodT-with the clinic population of a pediatric weight management service.

Healthcare professionals' perspectives on dietary advice provided to people with an ileostomy.

Background: Diet is a common concern among people with an ileostomy as it can be associated with serious and burdensome complications, for example, dehydration and obstruction, and dietary advice is often unsatisfactory. In this study, we explored healthcare professionals' (HCPs) perspectives on dietary advice for ileostomy management.

Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with HCPs, from multiple professions, who provide dietary advice to patients with an ileostomy.

Evaluating the benefit of early patient and public involvement for product development and testing with small companies.

Introduction: There is a growing understanding of the benefits of patient and public involvement (PPI), and its evaluation, in research. An online version of the CUBE PPI evaluation framework has been developed. We sought to use the CUBE to evaluate the value of early PPI with two small healthcare companies during product development.

Establishing breast feeding in infants with Down syndrome: the FADES cohort experience.

Objective: To describe breastfeeding prevalence and maternal experience in infants with trisomy 21.

Design: Longitudinal cohort study.

Setting: Participants from UK recruited through websites, social media and local collaborators: neonatologists, community paediatricians and research nurses.

Piloting the objective measurement of eating weight and speed at a population scale: a nested study within the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children.

Effective measurement and adaption of eating behaviours (e.g., eating speed) may improve weight loss and weight over time.

Self-regulation in Barth syndrome: a qualitative perspective of adolescents, adults and parents in the U.K.

Background: Barth syndrome (BS) is a life-threatening genetic disease caused by abnormal lipids in the mitochondria of cells and mostly affects young males. Those living with BS have severe exercise intolerance, lethargy and fatigue due to muscle disease which affect their daily life. Previous research suggests a need for qualitative exploration of self-regulation in BS and the inter-personal processes at play in family life.

Educational Attainment of Children Born with Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate in the United Kingdom.

Objective: This study evaluated association between functional outcomes in children born with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) and educational attainment.

Design: Cleft Care UK (CCUK) was a United Kingdom (UK) wide cross-sectional study.

Setting: UK Cleft Teams (data collected from all UK sites providing centralized cleft services).

What Change in Body Mass Index Is Required to Improve Cardiovascular Outcomes in Childhood and Adolescent Obesity through Lifestyle Interventions: A Meta-Regression.

Using meta-regression, this article aims at establishing the minimum change in BMI-standard deviation score (SDS) needed to improve lipid profiles and blood pressure in children and adolescents with obesity, to aid future trials and guidelines. Studies with participants involved in lifestyle interventions, aged 4-19 years, with a diagnosis of obesity according to defined BMI thresholds, were considered for inclusion in a large systematic review. Interventions had to report pre- and post-intervention (or mean change in) BMI-SDS, plus either systolic blood pressure (SBP), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and/or triglycerides (TGs).

Body composition after allogeneic haematopoietic cell transplantation/total body irradiation in children and young people: a restricted systematic review.

Purpose: To collate evidence of changes in body composition following treatment of leukaemia in children, teenagers and young adults (CTYA, 0-24 years) with allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplant and total body irradiation (HSCT+TBI).

Methods: Papers were identified by searching Medline and Google Scholar, reference lists/citations and contacting key authors, with no date or language restrictions. Inclusion criteria were as follows: leukaemia, HSCT+TBI, aged ≤ 24 years at HSCT and changes in body composition (total fat, central adiposity, adipose tissue function, muscle mass, muscle function).

The development of a theory informed behaviour change intervention to improve adherence to dietary and physical activity treatment guidelines in individuals with familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH).

Background: Familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) is a genetic condition characterised by elevated levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Following dietary and physical activity guidelines could help minimise this risk but adherence is low. Interventions to target these behaviours are therefore required.

A feasibility randomised controlled trial of short-term fasting prior to CAPOX chemotherapy for stage 2/3 colorectal cancer: SWiFT protocol.

Background: Capecitabine and oxaliplatin (CAPOX) chemotherapy is a standard treatment for stage 2/3 colorectal cancer. Treatment is associated with dose-limiting toxicities such as neutropenia, vomiting, diarrhoea, and stomatitis. Short-term fasting prior to chemotherapy may help protect normal cells from the toxic effects of chemotherapy by allowing them to conserve energy for maintenance and repair.

Change in obesity-related metabolic abnormalities associated with body mass index improvement through life-style intervention: A meta-regression.

The reduction in body mass index standard deviation score (BMI-SDS) associated with improvement in biomarkers relating to metabolic health in obese children is unknown. We aimed to establish the change in BMI-SDS associated with improved inflammation, liver function, and insulin resistance to inform clinical guidelines for pediatric weight management interventions and to assess the efficacy of future trials. A large-scale systematic review was conducted to identify relevant studies.

Publisher Correction: Shared heritability and functional enrichment across six solid cancers.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

What change in body mass index is associated with improvement in percentage body fat in childhood obesity? A meta-regression.

Objective: Using meta-regression this paper sets out the minimum change in body mass index-SD score (BMI-SDS) required to improve adiposity as percentage body fat for children and adolescents with obesity.

Design: Meta-regression.

Setting: Studies were identified as part of a large-scale systematic review of the following electronic databases: AMED, Embase, MEDLINE via OVID, Web of Science and CENTRAL via Cochrane library.

Resilience and return-to-work pain interventions: systematic review.

Background: Resilience is a developing concept in relation to pain, but has not yet been reviewed in return-to-work (RTW) contexts.

Aims: To explore the role of resilience enhancement in promoting work participation for chronic pain sufferers, by reviewing the effectiveness of existing interventions.

Methods: Resilience was operationalized as: self-efficacy, active coping, positive affect, positive growth, positive reinforcement, optimism, purpose in life and acceptance.

Shared heritability and functional enrichment across six solid cancers.

Quantifying the genetic correlation between cancers can provide important insights into the mechanisms driving cancer etiology. Using genome-wide association study summary statistics across six cancer types based on a total of 296,215 cases and 301,319 controls of European ancestry, here we estimate the pair-wise genetic correlations between breast, colorectal, head/neck, lung, ovary and prostate cancer, and between cancers and 38 other diseases. We observed statistically significant genetic correlations between lung and head/neck cancer (r = 0.

Adherence to the mediterranean diet and lymphoma risk in the european prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition.

There is a growing evidence of the protective role of the Mediterranean diet (MD) on cancer. However, no prospective study has yet investigated its influence on lymphoma. We evaluated the association between adherence to the MD and risk of lymphoma and its subtypes in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study.

Using neuroimaging to investigate the impact of Mandolean® training in young people with obesity: a pilot randomised controlled trial.

Background: Slowing eating rate using the Mandolean® previously helped obese adolescents to self-select smaller portion sizes, with no reduction in satiety, and enhanced ghrelin suppression. The objective of this pilot, randomised trial was to investigate the neural response to food cues following Mandolean® training using functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI), and measures of ghrelin, PYY, glucose and self-reported appetite.

Method: Twenty-four obese adolescents (11-18 years; BMI ≥ 95th centile) were randomised (but stratified by age and gender) to receive six-months of standard care in an obesity clinic, or standard care plus short-term Mandolean® training.

How do the experiences and beliefs of adults and children with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia influence their adherence to treatment? A systematic review of qualitative evidence protocol.

Background: Heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) is a genetic disorder characterised by elevated levels of low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol from birth, estimated to affect 1 in 250 of the UK population. Left untreated, FH substantially increases an individual's risk of premature coronary heart disease (CHD) and associated mortality. This risk can be minimised with timely diagnosis and successful treatment with medication and lifestyle changes, as advocated in national and international guidelines.

Dietary interventions for managing glucose abnormalities in cystic fibrosis: a systematic review protocol.

Background: Glucose abnormalities in cystic fibrosis (CF) are common, but there is limited evidence to guide their dietary management. Progressive impaired glucose tolerance eventually leads to cystic fibrosis-related diabetes (CFRD), the most prevalent complication of CF, which is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Optimising glycaemic control improves clinical status and reduces mortality; insulin therapy is the primary means of controlling glycaemia in CFRD, but its role in managing pre-diabetes is less clear.

Health behaviours of young mothers: Implications for health promotion and cancer prevention.

Objective: Evidence suggests that younger mothers engage in poorer health behaviours, resulting in increased cancer risk. We aimed to better understand the health behaviours of younger mothers and the factors that influence their lifestyle choices, in order to improve cancer prevention within this population.

Methods: A multiple focus group, photo-elicitation-aided approach was used, in which young mothers ( = 27; aged 16-24 years) were provided with cameras and asked to capture 'a week in your life'.

Using the Normalization Process Theory to qualitatively explore sense-making in implementation of the Enhanced Recovery After Surgery programme: "It's not rocket science".

Introduction: The Enhanced Recovery After Surgery programme (ERAS) is an approach to the perioperative care of patients encompassing multiple interventions and involving a wide range of different actors. It can thus be defined as a complex intervention. Despite the strength of the evidence-base in its support, the implementation of ERAS has been slow.