Neural Network-Based Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Profile Compensation for Glaucoma Diagnosis in Myopia: Model Development and Validation.

Background: Due to the axial elongation-associated changes in the optic nerve and retina in high myopia, traditional methods like optic disc evaluation and visual field are not able to correctly differentiate glaucomatous lesions. It has been clinically challenging to detect glaucoma in highly myopic eyes.

Objective: This study aimed to develop a neural network to adjust for the dependence of the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness (RNFLT) profile on age, gender, and ocular biometric parameters and to evaluate the network's performance for glaucoma diagnosis, especially in high myopia.

amplification levels in primary retinoblastoma tumors analyzed by Multiple Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification.

Retinoblastoma (Rb) is a childhood tumor of the developing retina where predisposition is caused by pathogenic variants. amplification () has been implicated in around 2% of sporadic unilateral Rb tumors with no detectable variants. We audited data from tumors collected between 1993 and 2019 to determine if this is the case for patients treated at Barts Health NHS Trust, and how often it occurred alongside variants.

Mini-DSAEK for Macro Corneal Perforations.

Purpose: We present a technique that preserves good vision in paracentral macroperforations and avoids challenges of tectonic lamellar or penetrating keratoplasty in eyes with poor visual potential.

Method: A wet laboratory was implemented for mini-Descemet stripping endothelial keratoplasty to seal macroperforations ab interno. This included a suture support technique designed to prevent graft herniation.

Safety of video-based telemedicine compared to in-person triage in emergency ophthalmology during COVID-19.

Background: the need for social distancing midst the COVID-19 pandemic has forced ophthalmologists to innovate with telemedicine. The novel process of triaging emergency ophthalmology patients via videoconsultations should reduce hospital attendances. However, the safety profile of such services were unknown.

Reply to Comment on Roelofs, K.A.; et al. "Detecting Progression of Melanocytic Choroidal Tumours by Sequential Imaging: Is Ultrasonography Necessary?" 2020, , 1856.

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Stress-Strain Index Map: A New Way to Represent Corneal Material Stiffness.

Purpose: To introduce a new method to map the mechanical stiffness of healthy and keratoconic corneas.

Methods: Numerical modeling based on the finite element method was used to carry out inverse analysis of simulated healthy and keratoconic corneas to determine the regional variation of mechanical stiffness across the corneal surface based on established trends in collagen fibril distribution. The Stress-Strain Index (SSI), developed and validated in an earlier study and presented as a parameter that can estimate the overall stress-strain behavior of corneal tissue, was adopted in this research as a measure of corneal stiffness.

Detection of postlaser vision correction ectasia with a new combined biomechanical index.

Purpose: To validate and evaluate the use of a new biomechanical index known as the Corvis biomechanical index-laser vision correction (CBI-LVC) as a method for separating stable post-LVC eyes from post-LVC eyes with ectasia.

Setting: 10 clinics from 9 countries.

Design: Retrospective, multicenter, clinical study.

Raising the Bar for Randomized Trials Involving Artificial Intelligence: The SPIRIT-Artificial Intelligence and CONSORT-Artificial Intelligence Guidelines.

Artificial intelligence (AI)-based applications have the potential to improve the quality and efficiency of patient care in dermatology. Unique challenges in the development and validation of these technologies may limit their generalizability and real-world applicability. Before the widespread adoption of AI interventions, randomized trials should be conducted to evaluate their efficacy, safety, and cost effectiveness in clinical settings.

Unintended changes in ocular biometric parameters during a 6-month follow-up period after FS-LASIK and SMILE.

Background: Corneal refractive surgery has become reliable for correcting refractive errors, but it can induce unintended ocular changes that alter refractive outcomes. This study is to evaluate the unintended changes in ocular biometric parameters over a 6-month follow-up period after femtosecond laser-assisted laser in situ keratomileusis (FS-LASIK) and small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE).

Methods: 156 consecutive myopic patients scheduled for FS-LASIK and SMILE were included in this study.

Paracentral acute middle maculopathy after uneventful ocular surgery with local anaesthetic blocks.

Objective: To describe the role of local anaesthetic blocks as a potential cause of paracentral acute middle maculopathy (PAMM) after uneventful ocular surgery.

Methods: Retrospective, observational, international, multicentre case series. Nine cases of PAMM with associated visual loss following uneventful ocular surgery with local anaesthetic blocks were observed in a 9-year period (2011-2020).

Recurrent epiphora after dacryocystorhinostomy surgery: Structural abnormalities identified with dacryocystography and long term outcomes of revision surgery : Success rates of further surgery following failed dacryocystorhinostomy surgery.

Background: To investigate the aetiopathology of recurrent epiphora or stickiness after dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) surgery, identifiable on dacryocystography (DCG), and to assess the success rates of secondary corrective surgeries.

Methods: Consecutive post-DCR DCG images from patients with recurrent symptoms were reviewed between 2012 and 2015.

Results: One hundred fifty-nine eyes of 137 patients were evaluated.

Whole-Genome Sequencing of Retinoblastoma Reveals the Diversity of Rearrangements Disrupting and Uncovers a Treatment-Related Mutational Signature.

The development of retinoblastoma is thought to require pathological genetic changes in both alleles of the gene. However, cases exist where mutations are undetectable, suggesting alternative pathways to malignancy. We used whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and transcriptomics to investigate the landscape of sporadic retinoblastomas derived from twenty patients, sought and other driver mutations and investigated mutational signatures.

Fibril density reduction in keratoconic corneas.

This study aims to estimate the reduction in collagen fibril density within the central 6 mm radius of keratoconic corneas through the processing of microstructure and videokeratography data. Collagen fibril distribution maps and topography maps were obtained for seven keratoconic and six healthy corneas, and topographic features were assessed to detect and calculate the area of the cone in each keratoconic eye. The reduction in collagen fibril density within the cone area was estimated with reference to the same region in the characteristic collagen fibril maps of healthy corneas.

Visual Acuity Apps for Rapid Integration in Teleconsultation Services in all Resource Settings: A Review.

Purpose: There is a need for a simple and accurate way to assess visual acuity in telemedicine consultations in ophthalmology and other related specialties.

Design: We surveyed visual acuity testing apps available that allow patients to measure their own acuity, focusing on freely accessible resources suitable for all resource settings.

Methods: A systematic search was performed for visual acuity testing apps on 2 major platforms: Google Play Store (Google, CA, USA) and Apple App Store (Apple, CA, USA).

Iris extramedullary hematopoiesis in choroidal melanoma.

Purpose: Extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH) usually occurs in patients with loss of bone marrow hematopoietic function, and in a vast majority of cases, it involves the liver, the spleen, or the lymph nodes. We report EMH in the iris of patients enucleated for choroidal melanoma (CM).

Methods: We report a series of three patients with CM, two treated with primary enucleation and one with secondary enucleation.

Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on eye cancer care in United Kingdom.

The COVID-19 pandemic has had an unprecedented impact on the National Health Service in United Kingdom. The UK Ocular Oncology Services evaluated the impact on the adult eye cancer care in the UK. All four adult Ocular Oncology centres participated in a multicentre retrospective review comparing uveal melanoma referral patterns and treatments in a 4-month period during the national lockdown and first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 with corresponding periods in previous 2 years.

Does prospective acceptability of an intervention influence refusal to participate in a randomised controlled trial? An interview study.

Background: The generalizability of findings of Randomised Controlled Trials (RCTs) is undermined by low or biased recruitment. Reasons for participant refusal are infrequently reported in published literature.

Aims: To apply the Theoretical Framework of Acceptability (TFA) to: (1) explore patient-reported reasons for declining to participate in a RCT comparing a new service model (patient-initiated appointments) with standard care (appointments scheduled by clinician) for managing blepharospasm and hemifacial spasm; (2) to explore associations between decliners' perceptions of acceptability and non-participation.

Design considerations for the ideal low vision aid: insights from de-brief interviews following a real-world recording study.

Purpose: Low Vision Aids (LVAs) can have a transformative impact on people living with sight loss, yet the everyday requirements for developing such devices remain poorly understood and defined. This study systematically explored LVA requirements through a structured de-brief interview following a real-world self-recording study. The purpose of this work was to define the actual needs of those living with sight loss so that low vision services can better address them in future.

Experimental evaluation of the viscoelasticity of porcine vitreous.

This study aims to estimate the material properties of the porcine vitreous while testing it in close to its natural physiological conditions. Eighteen porcine eyes were tested within 48 h post-mortem. A custom-built computer-controlled test rig was designed to support, load and monitor the behaviour of eye globes while being subjected to dynamic rotation cycles mimicking saccade eye movement.

Accuracy of periocular lesion assessment using telemedicine.

Objectives: To assess the agreement in diagnosis and management plans reached between clinicians reviewing eyelid lesions remotely and in face-to-face clinics.

Methods: In this single-centre observational case series, data were prospectively collected on 50 consecutive adults referred with eyelid lesions suitable to be seen by a nurse. A proforma was completed to gather salient information.

Diabetic Retinopathy Screening Using Artificial Intelligence and Handheld Smartphone-Based Retinal Camera.

Background: Portable retinal cameras and deep learning (DL) algorithms are novel tools adopted by diabetic retinopathy (DR) screening programs. Our objective is to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of a DL algorithm and the performance of portable handheld retinal cameras in the detection of DR in a large and heterogenous type 2 diabetes population in a real-world, high burden setting.

Method: Participants underwent fundus photographs of both eyes with a portable retinal camera (Phelcom Eyer).