Performance of Corvis ST Parameters Including Updated Stress-Strain Index in Differentiating Between Normal, Forme-Fruste, Subclinical, and Clinical Keratoconic Eyes.

Purpose: This study seeks to evaluate the ability of the updated stress strain index (SSIv2) and other Corvis ST biomechanical parameters in distinguishing between keratoconus at different disease stages and normal eyes.

Design: Diagnostic accuracy analysis to distinguish disease stages.

Methods: 1084 eyes were included and divided into groups of normal (199 eyes), forme fruste keratoconus (FFKC, 194 eyes), subclinical keratoconus (SKC, 113 eyes), mild clinical keratoconus (CKC-Ⅰ, 175 eyes), moderate clinical keratoconus (CKC-Ⅱ, 204 eyes), and severe clinical keratoconus (CKC-Ⅲ, 199 eyes).

Image quality assessment of retinal fundus photographs for diabetic retinopathy in the machine learning era: a review.

This study aimed to evaluate the image quality assessment (IQA) and quality criteria employed in publicly available datasets for diabetic retinopathy (DR). A literature search strategy was used to identify relevant datasets, and 20 datasets were included in the analysis. Out of these, 12 datasets mentioned performing IQA, but only eight specified the quality criteria used.

Exudative Progression of Treatment-Naïve Nonexudative Macular Neovascularization in Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analyses.

Purpose: To systematically review and report the rate of exudative progression over time in patients with nonexudative macular neovascularization (MNV) in age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

Design: Systematic review with prevalence meta-analyses and individual participant meta-analysis.

Methods: We searched 10 literature databases on March 26, 2023, for studies of consecutive patients with treatment-naïve nonexudative MNV in AMD.

Assessment of the specificity of corvis biomechanical index-laser vision correction (CBI-LVC) in stable corneas after phototherapeutic keratectomy.

Purpose: The Corvis Biomechanical Index-Laser Vision Correction (CBI-LVC) is a biomechanical index to detect ectasia in post-refractive surgery patients (PRK, LASIK, SMILE). This study aims to evaluate the distribution of the CBI-LVC in stable patients who underwent Phototherapeutic Keratectomy (PTK) compared to PRK patients.

Methods: Patients who underwent PRK and PTK performed between 2000 and 2018 in Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy and remained stable for at least four years post-surgery were included.

Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in choroidal melanoma: clinical features and surgical outcomes.

Purpose: To describe the clinical features, prognostic factors, safety and rate of success of surgery and visual outcomes in patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) and choroidal melanoma (CM).

Methods: A retrospective, observational case-series of 21 patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment or combined tractional-rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in patients with choroidal melanoma over a period of 20 years.

Results: Nineteen patients were included in the final analysis.

Cell-Based Therapies for Glaucoma.

Glaucomatous optic neuropathy (GON) is the major cause of irreversible visual loss worldwide and can result from a range of disease etiologies. The defining features of GON are retinal ganglion cell (RGC) degeneration and characteristic cupping of the optic nerve head (ONH) due to tissue remodeling, while intraocular pressure remains the only modifiable GON risk factor currently targeted by approved clinical treatment strategies. Efforts to understand the mechanisms that allow species such as the zebrafish to regenerate their retinal cells have greatly increased our understanding of regenerative signaling pathways.

Reliability of Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Retinal Blood Flow Analyses.

Purpose: Investigate the association between the optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) metrics derived from different analysis programs to understand the comparability of studies using these different approaches.

Methods: Secondary analysis of a prospective observational study (March 2018-September 2021). Forty-four right eyes and 42 left eyes from 44 patients were included.

Prevalence of co-existent neoplasia in clinically diagnosed pterygia in a UK population.

Introduction: Ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) and pterygia share risk factors and co-exist in only a minority of cases. Reported rates of OSSN in specimens sent as pterygium for histopathological analysis vary between 0% and nearly 10%, with the highest rates reported in countries with high levels of ultraviolet light exposure. As there is a paucity of data in European populations, the aim of this study was to report the prevalence of co-existent OSSN or other neoplastic disease in clinically suspected pterygium specimens sent to a specialist ophthalmic pathology service in London, United Kingdom.

Determinants of non-attendance at face-to-face and telemedicine ophthalmic consultations.

Background/aims: Evaluation of telemedicine care models has highlighted its potential for exacerbating healthcare inequalities. This study seeks to identify and characterise factors associated with non-attendance across face-to-face and telemedicine outpatient appointments.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study at a tertiary-level ophthalmic institution in the UK, between 1 January 2019 and 31 October 2021.

Feasibility study of an automated Strabismus screening Test using Augmented Reality and Eye-tracking (STARE).

Background: New digital technologies (augmented reality headsets, eye-tracking) may potentially allow for automated assessments of ocular misalignment. Here, we evaluate the feasibility of a novel, open-source strabismus test ("STARE") as an automated screening tool.

Methods: Work progressed in 2 phases.

Typical localised element-specific finite element anterior eye model.

Purpose: The study presents an averaged anterior eye geometry model combined with a localised material model that is straightforward, appropriate and amenable for implementation in finite element (FE) modelling.

Methods: Both right and left eye profile data of 118 subjects (63 females and 55 males) aged 22-67 years (38.5 ± 7.

Fourteen-Year Outcome of Angle-Closure Prevention with Laser Iridotomy in the Zhongshan Angle-Closure Prevention Study: Extended Follow-up of a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI) prophylaxis for patients with primary angle-closure suspect (PACS) after 14 years and to identify risk factors for the conversion from PACS to primary angle closure (PAC).

Design: Extended follow-up of the Zhongshan Angle-Closure Prevention Study.

Participants: Eight hundred eighty-nine Chinese patients 50 to 70 years of age with bilateral PACS.

Corneal Biomechanics After SMILE, Femtosecond-Assisted LASIK, and Photorefractive Keratectomy: A Matched Comparison Study.

Purpose: To evaluate the change in corneal stiffness after small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE), femtosecond laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (FS-LASIK), and photorefractive keratectomy (PRK).

Methods: Age, gender, spherical equivalent, and central corneal thickness (CCT)-matched cases undergoing SMILE with a 120-µ cap, FS-LASIK with a 110-µ flap, and PRK were enrolled. One-year change in the stress-strain index, stiffness parameter at first applanation, integrated inverse radius, deformation amplitude ratio at 2 mm, and deformation amplitude ratio at 1 mm were compared between the surgical groups by linear mixed-effect models.

Gut Microbiome Associated With Graves Disease and Graves Orbitopathy: The INDIGO Multicenter European Study.

Context: Gut bacteria can influence host immune responses but little is known about their role in tolerance-loss mechanisms in Graves disease (GD; hyperthyroidism caused by autoantibodies, TRAb, to the thyrotropin receptor, TSHR) and its progression to Graves orbitopathy (GO).

Objective: This work aimed to compare the fecal microbiota in GD patients, with GO of varying severity, and healthy controls (HCs).

Methods: Patients were recruited from 4 European countries (105 GD patients, 41 HCs) for an observational study with cross-sectional and longitudinal components.

Introduction and Clinical Validation of an Updated Biomechanically Corrected Intraocular Pressure bIOP (v2).

Purpose: To improve the stability of the Corvis ST biomechanically-corrected intraocular pressure measurements (bIOP) after refractive surgery and its independence of corneal biomechanics.

Methods: A parametric study was carried out using numerical models simulating the behavior of the eye globe under the effects of IOP and Corvis ST external air pressure and used to develop a new algorithm for bIOP; bIOP(v2). It was tested on 528 healthy participants to evaluate correlations with CCT and age.

Optimized Artificial Intelligence for Enhanced Ectasia Detection Using Scheimpflug-Based Corneal Tomography and Biomechanical Data.

Purpose: To optimize artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms to integrate Scheimpflug-based corneal tomography and biomechanics to enhance ectasia detection.

Design: Multicenter cross-sectional case-control retrospective study.

Methods: A total of 3886 unoperated eyes from 3412 patients had Pentacam and Corvis ST (Oculus Optikgeräte GmbH) examinations.

Subretinal abscess: causative pathogens, clinical features and management.

Purpose: To review the literature on endogenous subretinal abscess (SRA).

Methods: We searched in the literature for the terms 'subretinal abscess', 'chorio-retinal abscess' and 'choroidal abscess'.

Results: A total of 122 patients were identified, of whom 20 patients (22 eyes) had no identified systemic infective foci (group 1) and 102 (120 eyes) had systemic infective foci (group 2).

Ruthenium plaque radiotherapy in the current era of retinoblastoma treatment.

Background: Two major treatment modalities for retinoblastoma, intraarterial chemotherapy (IAC) and intravitreal chemotherapy (IVitC), have superseded external beam radiotherapy for eye salvage. In this new setting our objectives were to evaluate the indications for plaque radiotherapy, complications, and recurrence rates.

Methods: Retrospective detailed review of patient's charts was performed for all subjects treated with plaque radiotherapy for retinoblastoma between January 2015 and December 2020.

An in vitro assessment of the thermoreversible PLGA-PEG-PLGA copolymer: Implications for Descemet's membrane endothelial keratoplasty.

Background: To explore the use of a thermoreversible copolymer gel coating to prevent donor tissue scrolling in Descemet's membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK).

Methods: PLGA-PEG-PLGA triblock copolymer was synthesised via ring opening polymerisation. Two formulations were fabricated and gelation properties characterised using rheological analyses.

Corneal Biomechanics Losses Caused by Refractive Surgery.

Recent advances, specifically in the understanding of the biomechanical properties of the cornea and its response to diseases and surgical interventions, have significantly improved the safety and surgical outcomes of corneal refractive surgery, whose popularity and demand continue to grow worldwide. However, iatrogenic keratectasia resulting from the deterioration in corneal biomechanics caused by surgical interventions, although rare, remains a global concern. On one hand, in vivo biomechanical evaluation, enabled by clinical imaging systems such as the ORA and the Corvis ST, has significantly improved the risk profiling of patients for iatrogenic keratectasia.

Unravelling the Complex Anatomy of the Tear Trough and Lower Eyelid Folds: A Review of Cadaveric Studies in the Literature.

The lower eyelid tear trough deformity is a common cosmetic concern which is the result of multiple anatomic changes in the lower eyelid, usually resulting from age. A sound understanding of the underlying anatomy is vital to inform surgeons about the ideal treatment options for rejuvenation of this region and to minimize the risk of complications. Cadaveric studies provide unique insight into underlying anatomic changes.