A comprehensive review on resistance against cotton leaf curl virus.

Cotton ( L.) is a significant fiber crop. Being a major contributor to the textile industry requires continuous care and attention.

Development of an ELISA for the detection of fowl adenovirus serotype -4 utilizing fiber protein.

Hydropericardium syndrome (HPS), caused by the Fowl adenovirus 4 (FAdV-4) has led to significant financial losses for the poultry industry globally, including Pakistan over the past few years. Conventional serological methods are time consuming, laborious and less sensitive therefore, a rapid and sensitive ELISA kit is required for the reliable detection of FAdV-4 infection. In the current research, fiber proteins (1 &2) of FAdV-4 were successfully expressed in Escherichia coli and purified using metal affinity chromatography.

Chitosan nanoparticles encapsulating curcumin counteract salt-mediated ionic toxicity in wheat seedlings: an ecofriendly and sustainable approach.

Over-accumulating salts in soil are hazardous materials that interfere with the biochemical pathways in growing plants drastically affecting their physiological attributes, growth, and productivity. Soil salinization poses severe threats to highly-demanded and important crops directly challenging food security and sustainable productivity. Recently, there has been a great demand to exploit natural sources for the development of nontoxic nanoformulations of growth enhancers and stress emulators.

Decoding the guardians of cotton resilience: A comprehensive exploration of the βCA genes and its role in Verticillium dahliae resistance.

Plant Carbonic anhydrases (Cas) have been shown to be stress-responsive enzymes that may play a role in adapting to adverse conditions. Cotton is a significant economic crop in China, with upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) being the most widely cultivated species. We conducted genome-wide identification of the βCA gene in six cotton species and preliminary analysis of the βCA gene in upland cotton.

Drought and heat stress on cotton genotypes suggested agro-physiological and biochemical features for climate resilience.

This study aimed to investigate the impact of individual drought, heat, and combined drought and heat stress on twelve cotton genotypes, including eight tolerant and four susceptible genotypes. A field experiment was carried out by employing a randomized complete block split-plot design, with treatments (control, drought, heat, drought + heat), and cotton genotypes assigned to the main plots and sub-plots respectively. The results showed that the combined stress had a more severe impact on the yield and fiber quality of cotton genotypes compared to individual stresses.

Effect of ethyl methanesulfonate mediated mutation for enhancing morpho-physio-biochemical and yield contributing traits of fragrant rice.

Background: Chemical mutagenesis has been successfully used for increasing genetic diversity in crop plants. More than 800 novel mutant types of rice ( L.) have been developed through the successful application of numerous mutagenic agents.

Lead Toxicity-Mediated Growth and Metabolic Alterations at Early Seedling Stages of Maize ( L.).

To investigate the toxic effects of lead (Pb) on key metabolic activities essential for proper germination and seedling growth of maize seeds, experiments were carried out with different levels of Pb (0 to 120 mg of Pb L as PbCl) applied through growth medium to two maize hybrids H-3310S and H-6724. The research findings indicated that growth and metabolic activities were adversely affected by increased Pb contamination in growth medium; however, a slow increase in these parameters was recorded with increasing time from 0 to 120 h. Protease activity decreased with an increase in the level of Pb contamination but increased with time; consequently, a reduction in seed proteins and an increase in total free amino acids were observed with time.

Calpain signaling: from biology to therapeutic opportunities in neurodegenerative disorders.

Neurodegenerative disorders represent a major and growing healthcare challenge globally. Among the numerous molecular pathways implicated in their pathogenesis, calpain signaling has emerged as a crucial player in neuronal dysfunction and cell death. Calpain is a family of calcium-dependent cysteine proteases that is involved in many biological processes, such as signal transduction, cytoskeleton remodeling, and protein turnover.

Genome-wide association study of soybean ( [L.] Merr.) germplasm for dissecting the quantitative trait nucleotides and candidate genes underlying yield-related traits.

Soybean ( [L.] Merr.) is one of the most significant crops in the world in terms of oil and protein.

In-silico analysis of heat shock transcription factor (OsHSF) gene family in rice (Oryza sativa L.).

Background: One of the most important cash crops worldwide is rice (Oryza sativa L.). Under varying climatic conditions, however, its yield is negatively affected.

Salting-Out Assisted Liquid-Liquid Microextraction and Reverse-Phase Chromatographic Quantification of Two Neonicotinoid Insecticides from Fruits and Vegetables.

The present monograph describes the salting-out assisted liquid-liquid microextraction (SALLME) and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector (RP-HPLC-DAD) based quantification of two frequently applied neonicotinoid insecticides, i.e., acetamiprid (ACE) and imidacloprid (IMD), from selected tropical fruits (citrus and guava) and vegetables (tomato, okra and cauliflower).

Identification of salt stress-tolerant candidate genes in the BCF population at the seedling stages of and using NGS-based bulked segregant analysis.

Salinity is a major threat to the yield and productivity of cotton seedlings. In the present study, we developed a BCF population of cotton plants from (5-7) and (CCRI 12-4) salt-susceptible parents to identify salt-resistant candidate genes. The Illumina HiSeq™ strategy was used with bulked segregant analysis.

Assessment of halotolerant bacterial and fungal consortia for augmentation of wheat in saline soils.

Adaptations of green technologies to counter abiotic stress, including salinity for crops like wheat by using halotolerant microbes, is a promising approach. The current study investigated 17 salt-affected agroecological zones from the Punjab and Sindh provinces of Pakistan to explore the potential of indigenous microbial flora, with their multiple biochemical characteristics in addition to plant growth promoting (PGP) traits, for enhanced wheat production in saline areas. Initially, 297 isolated pure bacterial colonies were screened for salt tolerance, biochemical, and PGP traits.

The combination of multi-approach studies to explore the potential therapeutic mechanisms of imidazole derivatives as an MCF-7 inhibitor in therapeutic strategies.

Breast cancer covers a large area of research because of its prevalence and high frequency all over the world. This study is based on drug discovery against breast cancer from a series of imidazole derivatives. A 3D-QSAR and activity atlas model was developed by exploring the dataset computationally, using the machine learning process of Flare.

Impregnation of biochar with montmorillonite and its activation for the removal of azithromycin from aqueous media.

An inexpensive and environmentally friendly composite synthesized from rice husk, impregnated with montmorillonite and activated by carbon dioxide, was investigated for the removal of azithromycin from an aqueous solution. Various techniques were used to characterize adsorbents in detail. The sorption process was primarily regulated by the solution pH, pollutant concentration, contact duration, adsorbent dose, and solution temperature.

Breakthrough in CRISPR/Cas system: Current and future directions and challenges.

Targeted genome editing (GE) technology has brought a significant revolution in fictional genomic research and given hope to plant scientists to develop desirable varieties. This technology involves inducing site-specific DNA perturbations that can be repaired through DNA repair pathways. GE products currently include CRISPR-associated nuclease DNA breaks, prime editors generated DNA flaps, single nucleotide-modifications, transposases, and recombinases.

Nutritional Genomic Approach for Improving Grain Protein Content in Wheat.

Grain protein content (GPC) is a key aspect of grain quality, a major determinant of the flour functional properties and grain nutritional value of bread wheat. Exploiting diverse germplasms to identify genes for improving crop performance and grain nutritional quality is needed to enhance food security. Here, we evaluated GPC in a panel of 255 L.

Wheat quality: A review on chemical composition, nutritional attributes, grain anatomy, types, classification, and function of seed storage proteins in bread making quality.

Wheat ( L.) belonging to one of the most diverse and substantial families, Poaceae, is the principal cereal crop for the majority of the world's population. This cereal is polyploidy in nature and domestically grown worldwide.

Estimation of genetic diversity using seed storage protein (SSP) profiling in wild and cultivated species of Cicer L.

Background: The narrow genetic diversity of chickpea is a serious impediment to modern cultivar creation. Seed storage proteins (SSPs) are stable and have minimal or no degradation when subjected to isolation and SDS-PAGE.

Methods And Results: We have characterized SSPs of 436 chickpea genotypes, belonging to nine annual Cicer species, originated from 47 countries by SDS-PAGE and determined the extent of genetic diversity in chickpea through clustering.

Association of faecal volatiles and steroids with behavioural expression during oestrous cycle of sheep (Ovis aries).

This study was investigated to determine the faecal volatiles, steroid hormones and their correlation with behavioural signs during oestrous cycle in sheep (Ovis aries). This experiment was monitored from pro-oestrous to met-oestrous phases for correlation of endocrine dependence biochemical constituents in faeces and blood to detection of oestrous biomarkers. Medroxyprogesterone acetate sponges were used for 8 days to bring uniformity of oestrus in sheep.