Distribution of hounsfield unit values in the pelvic bones: a comparison between young men and women with traumatic fractures and older men and women with fragility fractures: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: The fixation strength of bone screws depends on bone mineral density (BMD), so it is important to evaluate bone strength at fracture sites. Few studies have investigated BMD in the pelvis. The aims of this study were to measure the regional Hounsfield unit (HU) values in the cancellous bone of the acetabulum and pelvic ring and to compare these values between young and older patients.

Factors affecting spine-femur discordance in the percentage of young adult mean on dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in the elderly population: a retrospective study.

Background: Several retrospective studies have reported spine-femur discordance in bone mineral density (BMD) values. However, the average age of individuals in these studies was the mid-50s, which is younger than the typical age of individuals requiring treatment for primary osteoporosis. Therefore, we aimed to investigate factors associated with discordance in the percentage of young adult mean (YAM) between the lumbar spine and femoral neck in the elderly population.

A Simplified Skeletal Maturity Scale and Thumb Ossification Composite Index to Assess Skeletal Maturity and Predict Height Velocity in Japanese Females with Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis.

Introduction: Since Little et al. first reported that peak height velocity (PHV) could be described as a reliable clinical marker for the prediction of remaining growth and curve progression of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) in clinical practice, much attention has been paid to PHV as a possible predictor of curve progression in patients with AIS. However, PHV itself is only identified retrospectively, so its value is not available at the first outpatient clinic visit.

Comparison of insulin degludec (IDeg)/insulin Aspart (IAsp) co-formulation therapy twice-daily with free combination of GLP-1 receptor agonist liraglutide plus insulin degludec in Tochigi: IDEAL Trial.

Aim: We compared the efficacy and safety of insulin degludec/insulin aspart co-formulation (IDegAsp) twice-daily to a free combination of basal insulin degludec and GLP-1 receptor agonist liraglutide (IDeg + Lira) once-daily for patients with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes on insulin therapy and oral antidiabetic drugs.

Subjects And Methods: Eligible patients were randomly allocated at a 1:1 ratio to receive either the once-daily dual injection of IDeg + Lira (n = 24) or twice-daily single injection of IDegAsp (n = 28). The primary endpoints were as follows: HbA1c changes over 52 weeks of treatment and the percentage of participants achieving HbA1c < 7.

Local application of alendronate controls bone formation and β-tricalcium phosphate resorption induced by recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2.

This study examined the ability of local alendronate (ALN) administration to control β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) resorption as well as the induction of bone formation by recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2). A 15-mm critical-sized bone defect was created in the diaphysis of rabbit ulnae. Nine female rabbits (4 to 5 months-old) were divided into 3 groups.

Effects of micro-porosity and local BMP-2 administration on bioresorption of β-TCP and new bone formation.

Background: It has been reported that the microporous structure of calcium phosphate (CaP) ceramics is important to osteoconduction. Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) has been shown to be a promising alternative to bone grafting and a therapeutic agent promoting bone regeneration when delivered locally. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of micro-porosity within beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) cylinders and local BMP-2 administration on β-TCP resorption and new bone formation.

Effect of insulin degludec versus insulin glargine on glycemic control and daily fasting blood glucose variability in insulin-naïve Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes: I'D GOT trial.

Aims: Insulin degludec (IDeg) is an ultra-long-acting insulin that has a smooth time/action profile over more than 42h. The present study compared the effects of IDeg and insulin glargine (IGlar) on HbA1c reduction and on within-subject day-to-day variability of fasting blood glucose (FBG) in insulin-naïve patients with type 2 diabetes.

Subjects And Methods: Eligible patients were randomly allocated at a 3:1 ratio to receive once-daily IDeg (n=31) or IGlar (n=12).

Basic research and clinical application of beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP).

The mechanism of bone substitute resorption involves two processes: solution-mediated and cell-mediated disintegration. In our previous animal studies, the main resorption process of beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) was considered to be cell-mediated disintegration by TRAP-positive cells. Thus, osteoclast-mediated resorption of β-TCP is important for enabling bone formation.

An Injectable Complex of β-tricalcium Phosphate Granules, Hyaluronate, and rhFGF-2 on Repair of Long-bone Fractures with Large Fragments.

We evaluated the effects of an injectable complex of β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) granules, hyaluronate, and recombinant human fibroblast growth factor-2 (rhFGF-2) on repair of unstable intertrochanteric fractures in elderly patients. Twenty-five patients (range, 76-91 years) having 31.A2 fractures (AO classification) were treated with injection of the complex followed by intramedullary nails.

A novel evaluation system to monitor bone formation and β-tricalcium phosphate resorption in opening wedge high tibial osteotomy.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to establish an evaluation system to monitor bone formation and beta-tricalcium phosphate (TCP) resorption in opening high tibial osteotomy (HTO).

Methods: From 2003 to 2005, opening HTO was performed in 36 patients using a Puddu plate and β-TCP blocks with 60 and 75 % porosity. Thirty-one patients were used for evaluation.

Effects of alendronate on bone formation and osteoclastic resorption after implantation of beta-tricalcium phosphate.

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of alendronate (ALN) on osteoclastic resorption of beta-tricalcium phosphate (beta-TCP) and bone formation. beta-TCP blocks of 75% porosity, with or without ALN treatment, were implanted into cavities drilled in rabbit femoral condyles. New bone formation, residual amount of beta-TCP, and the number of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive cells were evaluated 2 weeks after surgery.

Bone formation and resorption in patients after implantation of beta-tricalcium phosphate blocks with 60% and 75% porosity in opening-wedge high tibial osteotomy.

Most of the implanted porous beta-tricalcium phosphate (beta-TCP) can be resorbed. However, beta-TCP block with 75% porosity is inadequate for weight-bearing sites until bone incorporation occurs. Thus, the authors have recently developed beta-TCP block with 60% porosity, which is approximately sevenfold greater in terms of compressive strength than that of beta-TCP with 75% porosity.

Use of a biphasic graft constructed with chondrocytes overlying a beta-tricalcium phosphate block in the treatment of rabbit osteochondral defects.

To evaluate the ability of a biphasic construct to repair osteochondral defects in articular cartilage, plugs made of chondrocytes in collagen gel overlying a resorbable porous beta-tricalcium phosphate (TCP) block were implanted into defects in rabbit knees. The repair tissue was evaluated at 8, 12, and 30 weeks. Eight weeks after implantation of the biphasic construct, histologic examination showed hyaline-like cartilage formation that was positive for safranin O and type II collagen.