Artificial Intelligence-Powered Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 and Tumor Microenvironment Analysis in Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2-Amplified Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: Exploratory Analysis of Phase II TRIUMPH Trial.

Purpose: Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-targeted therapies have shown promise in treating -amplified metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Identifying optimal biomarkers for treatment decisions remains challenging. This study explores the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) in predicting treatment responses to trastuzumab plus pertuzumab (TP) in patients with -amplified mCRC from the phase II TRIUMPH trial.

Assessment of heterogeneity according to hospital or medical experience factors in outcomes of chemotherapy for advanced biliary tract cancer: a post-hoc analysis of JCOG1113.

Background: JCOG1113 is a randomized phase III trial that showed non-inferiority of gemcitabine plus S-1 to gemcitabine plus cisplatin in patients with advanced biliary tract cancer. Assessment of inter-institutional heterogeneity in chemotherapy contributes to confirm generalizability and reliability of the study itself. However, there have been no studies conducted to assess the heterogeneity among participating centers in randomized phase III trials for biliary tract cancer.

Bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (B/F/TAF) in treatment-naïve and treatment-experienced people with HIV: 12-month virologic effectiveness and safety outcomes in the BICSTaR Japan cohort.

BICSTaR (BICtegravir Single Tablet Regimen) is an ongoing, observational cohort study assessing the virologic effectiveness and safety of bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (B/F/TAF) in treatment-experienced (TE) and treatment-naïve (TN) people with HIV across 14 countries over 24 months. We present 12-month outcomes from participants in the BICSTaR Japan cohort. Retrospective and prospective data were pooled from people with HIV aged ≥20 years receiving B/F/TAF within routine clinical care in Japan.

Minimally invasive surgery versus open gastrectomy for older patients with gastric cancer: A propensity score-matching analysis.

Aim: To compare minimally invasive and open surgery for older patients with gastric cancer.

Methods: This study included 464 consecutive patients with gastric cancer aged ≥75 years who underwent open or laparoscopic gastrectomy at our institution from January 2004 to December 2018. We performed propensity score-matching and compared short- and long-term outcomes between the two groups.

An open-label, randomized, controlled trial on the benefit of β-hydroxy-β-methyl butyrate, l-arginine, l-glutamine combination beverages and locomotion training as supportive care for the treatment of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma using lenvatinib: A pilot study (HELLO study).

Introduction: Hand-foot-skin reaction (HFSR) is the most common side effect of multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (uHCC). Sarcopenia has been reported to be a poor prognostic factor for HCC. Here, we performed a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of the efficacy of a β-hydroxy-β-methyl butyrate/l-arginine/l-glutamine (HMB/Arg/Gln) beverage and locomotion training as supportive care in the treatment of uHCC with lenvatinib.

Randomized Controlled Trial of Cilostazol Addition for In-Stent Restenosis After Carotid Artery Stenting.

Background: Restenosis after carotid artery stenting (CAS) is associated with the risk of developing ischemic stroke. We aimed to evaluate the inhibitory effect of cilostazol addition on in-stent restenosis (ISR) in patients treated with CAS.

Methods: In a randomized, open-label, blind-end point trial, patients with symptomatic and asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis and scheduled for CAS were randomly assigned to adding cilostazol (50 or 100 mg, twice per day) on other antiplatelets from 3 days before CAS or not adding cilostazol.

Optimal antithrombotic therapy in ischemic stroke patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation and atherothrombosis: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Background: The addition of antiplatelet therapy to anticoagulant therapy in patients with stroke with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) and atherothrombotic disease may increase bleeding risk without reducing recurrent stroke risk.

Aims: To evaluate the clinical benefits of anticoagulant monotherapy compared to combination therapy with anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents.

Methods And Design: This is an investigator-initiated prospective multicenter, randomized, open-label, parallel-group clinical trial.

Short-term outcomes of a phase II trial of perioperative capecitabine plus oxaliplatin therapy for advanced gastric cancer with extensive lymph node metastases (OGSG1701).

Background: The prognosis of advanced gastric cancer (GC) with extensive lymph node (LN) metastasis treated with surgery alone remains poor. We conducted a multicenter phase II study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of perioperative capecitabine plus oxaliplatin (CapeOx) therapy in patients with advanced GC with extensive LN metastases.

Patients And Methods: Patients with histologically proven HER2-negative or unknown gastric adenocarcinoma with paraaortic LN (PALN) metastases and/or bulky LN metastases located at the celiac axis, common hepatic artery, and/or splenic artery were included in the study.

Temporal trends in endovascular therapy for acute stroke in the era of modern mechanical thrombectomy: The JR-NET4 study.

Objectives: This study aimed to examine nationwide trends in acute stroke endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) following five pivotal trials in 2015 that established it as the 'standard of care'.

Methods: The Japanese Registry of NeuroEndovascular Therapy 4 was a nationwide retrospective study registering consecutive patients who underwent neurointervention by specialists certified by the Japanese Society for Neuroendovascular Therapy at 166 centers from January 2015 to December 2019. We extracted patients who underwent EVT, and analyzed the annual trends in baseline characteristics, revascularization procedures and outcomes.

Dynamic susceptibility contrast‑enhanced perfusion magnetic resonance imaging parameters for predicting promoter methylation and prognostic value in newly diagnosed patients with glioblastoma.

O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase promoter methylation is an important clinical biomarker of newly diagnosed glioblastoma. Previous radiological studies using dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) perfusion have aimed to predict methylation status non-invasively in gliomas with radiological characteristics. The possibility of predicting methylation status using DSC-MRI perfusion with a radiological approach remains controversial.

Difference in the accuracy of the third-generation algorithm and the first-generation algorithm of FreeStyle Libre continuous glucose monitoring device.

Background: FreeStyle Libre uses the algorithm to calculate the sensor glucose (SG) levels. The manufacturer announced that they had changed the algorithm from the first generation (Gen. 1) to the third generation (Gen.

The diagnosis of pulmonary carcinoid using intraoperative fine-needle aspiration cytology: A case report.

Introduction And Importance: Surgeons often need to make intraoperative decisions regarding resection of lung tumors without a preoperative pathological diagnosis. Although intraoperative fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) often provides useful diagnostic information, literatures on its usefulness in pulmonary carcinoids is limited.

Case Presentation: A medical chest radiograph revealed an abnormal shadow in the right upper lung field of a 45-year-old Japanese man.