Frequency and Significance of Body Weight Loss During Immunochemotherapy in Patients with Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Limited data are available on the frequency and significance of body weight loss during cancer therapy. This study investigated the frequency of patients who experienced body weight loss during immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) plus chemotherapy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and the impact of weight loss on treatment outcomes. Using the clinical data of 370 patients with NSCLC who received a combination of ICI and chemotherapy at 13 institutions, this study investigated the frequency of body weight loss > 5% during treatment and determined the impact of body weight loss on patient outcomes.

Pediatric Severe Febrile Thrombocytopenia Syndrome: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Severe febrile thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is a tick-borne infectious disease that is endemic in parts of eastern Asia. Few pediatric cases have been reported. We describe a case of SFTS in a seven-year-old girl who presented with prolonged fever and gastrointestinal symptoms.

Ramucirumab-induced ascites with endothelial growth factor receptor mutation-positive non-small cell lung cancer: Two case reports.

Ramucirumab (RAM) has been approved for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Here, we report two cases of RAM-induced ascites with epidermal growth factor receptor-mutant NSCLC. Patient 1, a 72-year-old man, developed ascites 20 months after erlotinib (ERL) and RAM administration, which resolved after their discontinuation and performing paracentesis.

A Case of Dupilumab-Induced Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage.

Eosinophilic pneumonia is a known side effect of dupilumab; however, diffuse alveolar hemorrhage has not yet been reported in association with dupilumab. We herein report a case of diffuse alveolar hemorrhage caused by dupilumab. A 57-year-old man with severe asthma was unable to discontinue oral steroids and thus was prescribed dupilumab.

Impacts of probiotics on the efficacies of immune checkpoint inhibitors with or without chemotherapy for patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer.

The relationships between the therapeutic effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and the intestinal flora have attracted increasing attention. However, the effects of oral probiotics on the efficacies of ICIs used to treat non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remain unclear. We investigated the effects of probiotics on the efficacies of ICIs in patients treated with and without chemotherapy.

Rare case of retroperitoneal mitotically active leiomyoma in a postmenopausal woman.

Leiomyomas are benign smooth muscle tumors, and retroperitoneal leiomyomas without coexisting uterine leiomyomas are extremely rare. Mitotically active leiomyomas, which are leiomyomas with increased mitotic activity, are rarely observed in postmenopausal women, except under the influence of exogenous hormones. This report presents a rare case of a retroperitoneal mitotically active leiomyoma in a postmenopausal woman.

The Effect of Pleural Effusion on Prognosis in Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Undergoing Immunochemotherapy: A Retrospective Observational Study.

Objectives: Combined immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy and chemotherapy has become the standard treatment for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Pleural effusion (PE) is associated with poor outcomes among patients with NSCLC undergoing chemotherapy. However, minimal data exists on PE for patients undergoing combined ICI and chemotherapy.

Safety of anti-SARS-CoV-2 messenger RNA vaccine in lung cancer patients undergoing anticancer chemotherapy: A multicenter, prospective, observational, patient-reported outcome study.

Background: COVID-19 incidence is high in patients with cancer. The fatality rate was high for the Delta variant, necessitating infection prevention by vaccination. This study evaluated the safety of a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in patients with advanced lung cancer receiving anticancer therapy.

More than one-third of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer patients do not receive immunochemotherapy due to intolerance.

Background: Combination therapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and chemotherapy (ICI + chemotherapy) has become the standard first line treatment for driver oncogene-negative advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, it may be more toxic compared to monotherapy, which limits its use. Moreover, the feasibility of the combination therapy in clinical practice remains unknown.

A case of immunoglobulin G4-Related disease with pleural effusion, requiring exclusion of tuberculous pleurisy.

Immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)-related pleurisy is a rare type of IgG4-related disease. We present the case of a 69-year-old woman with left pleural effusion and elevated adenosine deaminase levels. Initially, tuberculous pleuritis was suspected; however, the bacterial cultures and polymerase chain reaction test results for tuberculosis were negative.

Short-term safety of an anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 messenger RNA vaccine for patients with advanced lung cancer treated with anticancer drugs: A multicenter, prospective, observational study.

Background: Since 2020, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become prevalent worldwide. In severe cases, the case fatality rate is high, and vaccine prevention is important. This study evaluated the safety of receiving SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in patients with advanced lung cancer receiving anticancer therapy.

A randomized trial of sodium alginate prevention of esophagitis in LA-NSCLC receiving chemoradiotherapy: OLCSG1401.

Background: Radiation esophagitis is a critical adverse event that needs to be appropriately managed while administering thoracic irradiation. This trial aimed to investigate whether sodium alginate has preventative effects on esophagitis in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) receiving concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CRT).

Methods: Patients with untreated stage III NSCLC who were eligible for concurrent CRT were randomly assigned at a 1:1:1 ratio to receive one of the following treatments: initial or late use of oral sodium alginate (arms A and B) or water as control (arm C).

Impact of somatic mutations on prognosis in resected non-small-cell lung cancer: The Japan Molecular Epidemiology for lung cancer study.

Background: To report the follow up data and clinical outcomes of the JME study (UMIN 000008177), a prospective, multicenter, molecular epidemiology examination of 876 surgically resected non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cases, and the impact of somatic mutations (72 cancer-associated genes) on recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS).

Methods: Patients were enrolled between July 2012 and December 2013, with follow up to 30th November 2017. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to assess the impact of gene mutations on RFS and OS, considering sex, smoking history, age, stage, histology, EGFR, KRAS, TP53, and number of coexisting mutations.

Primary pericardial abscess caused by infection without a predisposing condition.

A 75-year-old man presented to the hospital with a low-grade fever and worsening dyspnea. Transthoracic echocardiogram and contrast-enhanced computed tomography revealed a 20 × 20 mm lesion adjacent to the left ventricle with pericardial effusion. We suspected pericardial abscess, but no bacteria were detected even after 6 consecutive blood cultures.

Prostate Cancer Detection with Multiparametric MRI: A Comparison of 1 M-Concentration Gadobutrol with 0.5 M-Concentration Gadolinium-Based Contrast Agents.

Introduction: Gadobutrol (Gd-DO3A-butrol) (Gadovist®) is a macrocyclic gadolinium-based contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) formulated at 1.0 mmol Gd/ml. Gadobutrol's higher concentration compared to other contrast agents (0.

Phase II trial of gefitinib in combination with bevacizumab as first-line therapy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer with activating EGFR gene mutations: the Okayama Lung Cancer Study Group Trial 1001.

Purpose: Whether bevacizumab enhances the effect of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor gefitinib on EGFR mutant non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) remains unknown. We conducted a phase II trial to investigate the efficacy and safety of gefitinib when combined with bevacizumab as first-line therapy in patients with advanced NSCLC harboring EGFR gene mutations.

Methods: In this trial, 42 patients with a performance status of 0 to 2 received gefitinib (250 mg/d) and bevacizumab (15 mg/kg, every 3 weeks).