3,754 results match your criteria: "NH 03756; Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth[Affiliation]"

Deep Learning for Classification of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Activity in Whole Slide Images of Colonic Histopathology.

Am J Pathol

January 2025

Department of Computer Science, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA; Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA. Electronic address:

Grading activity of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) using standardized histopathological scoring systems remains challenging due to limited availability of pathologists with IBD expertise and inter-observer variability. In this study, a deep learning model was developed to classify activity grades in hematoxylin and eosin-stained whole slide images (WSIs) from patients with IBD, offering a robust approach for general pathologists. This study utilized 2,077 WSIs from 636 patients who visited Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center in 2018 and 2019, scanned at 40× magnification (0.

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Preclinical Models for Functional Precision Lung Cancer Research.

Cancers (Basel)

December 2024

Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.

Patient-centered precision oncology strives to deliver individualized cancer care. In lung cancer, preclinical models and technological innovations have become critical in advancing this approach. Preclinical models enable deeper insights into tumor biology and enhance the selection of appropriate systemic therapies across chemotherapy, targeted therapies, immunotherapies, antibody-drug conjugates, and emerging investigational treatments.

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Endophthalmitis is an intraocular microbial infection that can lead to permanent blindness, even with prompt anti-microbial therapy. Multi-drug-resistant organisms are on the rise, potentially limiting the efficacy of current empiric antibiotic therapies of intravitreal ceftazidime and vancomycin. Cefiderocol is a recent FDA- and EMA-approved antibiotic for multi-drug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria.

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CXCL13 is a chemokine which is upregulated within the CNS in multiple sclerosis, Lyme neuroborreliosis, and other inflammatory diseases and is increasingly clinically useful as a biomarker. This review provides background for understanding its function in the immune system and its relationship to ectopic lymphoid follicles. Also reviewed are its utility in multiple sclerosis and Lyme neuroborreliosis and potential problems in its measurement.

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Intraoperative FiO and risk of impaired postoperative oxygenation in lung resection: A propensity score-weighted analysis.

J Clin Anesth

January 2025

Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA. Electronic address:

Study Objective: To assess whether, in a lung resection cohort with a low probability of confounding by indication, higher FiO is associated with an increased risk of impaired postoperative oxygenation - a clinical manifestation of lung injury/dysfunction.

Design: Pre-specified registry-based retrospective cohort study.

Setting: Two large academic hospitals in the United States.

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Background: Inflatable penile prosthesis (IPP) insertion is recommended for the treatment of patients with Peyronie's disease (PD) and significant erectile dysfunction (ED); adjunctive procedures can be used for residual curvature after IPP placement.

Aim: To assess the management of penile curvature correction in PD patients undergoing IPP procedures within a large multinational, multicenter cohort.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on PD patients treated with IPP by 11 experienced prosthetic surgeons.

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Defensive tactics: lessons from Drosophila.

Biol Open

December 2024

Laboratory for Clinical Genomics and Advanced Technology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center,Lebanon, NH 03756, USA.

Parasitoid wasps exert strong selective pressure on their hosts, driving the evolution of diverse defense strategies. Drosophila, a widely studied model organism, hosts a wide range of parasites, including parasitoid wasps, and has evolved immune and behavioral mechanisms to mitigate the risk of parasitization. These defenses range from avoidance and evasion to post-infection immune responses, such as melanotic encapsulation.

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Article Synopsis
  • Helicobacter pylori is a type 1 carcinogen linked to gastric ulcers and cancer, and research by the Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease focuses on potential treatments targeting this bacterium.
  • The study reports on the purification and crystallization of H. pylori biotin protein ligase (HpBPL), an enzyme that plays a crucial role in important metabolic processes and helps H. pylori thrive in the acidic environment of the stomach.
  • Despite having low sequence identity with similar proteins, HpBPL shares significant structural similarities with Mycobacterium tuberculosis biotin protein ligase, indicating potential for developing inhibitors that could be effective against HpBPL.
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Unlabelled: When an hypothesized peer effect (also termed social influence or contagion) is believed to act between units (e.g., hospitals) above the level at which data is observed (e.

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Background: Rigicon is a newer inflatable penile prostheses (IPP) manufacturer that has produced the Infla10 IPP for countries outside the United States (US) since 2019, with Food and Drug Administration studies for approval of Infla10 in the US presently underway.

Aim: This study aims to report the first patient satisfaction, efficacy, and safety from revision data for the newly available Rigicon Infla10 IPP.

Methods: A single surgeon's first 58 patients who underwent Rigicon Infla10 IPP implantation between 2019 and 2023 were included.

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Significance: Selecting a nerve-specific lead fluorescent agent for translation in fluorescence-guided surgery is time-consuming and expensive. Preclinical fluorescent agent studies rely primarily on animal models, which are a critical component of preclinical testing, but these models may not predict fluorophore performance in human tissues.

Aim: The primary aim of this study was to evaluate and compare two preclinical models to test tissue-specific fluorophores based on discarded human tissues.

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Structure of Plasmodium vivaxN-myristoyltransferase with inhibitor IMP-1088: exploring an NMT inhibitor for antimalarial therapy.

Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun

January 2025

Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, Hampton University, 200 William R. Harvey Way, Hampton, VA 23668, USA.

Plasmodium vivax, a significant contributor to global malaria cases, poses an escalating health burden on a substantial portion of the world's population. The increasing spread of P. vivax because of climate change underscores the development of new and rational drug-discovery approaches.

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Article Synopsis
  • Nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs), like social distancing and face coverings, are crucial for controlling global infectious diseases, but they rely heavily on people following these measures collectively.
  • The effectiveness of NPIs can vary during an epidemic, as individuals might switch their preferences frequently between different measures or choose not to participate at all.
  • By analyzing the perceived costs and effectiveness of NPIs, particularly for face coverings and social distancing, the study provides valuable insights into improving compliance and combating disease spread.
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Herpes simplex virus (HSV) encodes surface glycoproteins that are host defense evasion molecules, allowing the virus to escape immune clearance. In addition to their role in neuropathogenesis and cell-cell spread, glycoproteins E and I (gE/gI) form a viral Fc receptor (vFcR) for most subclasses and allotypes of human IgG and promote evasion of humoral immune responses. While monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) protect mice from neonatal HSV (nHSV) infections, the impact of the vFcR on mAb-mediated protection by binding to IgG is unknown.

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A Call for Pediatric Clinicians to Address Environmental Health Concerns in Rural Settings.

Pediatr Clin North Am

February 2025

Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA; Center for Interdisciplinary and Population Health Research, MaineHealth Institute for Research, 1 Riverfront Plaza, Floor 4, Westbrook, ME 04902, USA; Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Maine Medical Center, 887 Congress Street, Suite 300, Portland, ME 04102, USA.

Children in rural communities encounter unique environmental exposures, many of which can result in negative long-term health consequences. Children are particularly at risk from these exposures due to their close interaction with the environment and developing physiology. The authors describe 3 rural environmental hazards: wood stove smoke, well water contaminants, and agricultural pollutants.

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Preparing Residents for Rural Practice and Advocacy: The Experiences of Three Residency Training Programs in the Northeast United States (2009-2023).

Pediatr Clin North Am

February 2025

Department of Pediatrics, Robert J. Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont, Pediatric Residency Program, University of Vermont Children's Hospital, 111 Colchester Avenue, Burlington, VT 05401, USA.

Residents that are exposed to rural practice during their training may be more likely to consider working in rural settings after training, whether that be in primary or specialty care. The authors describe 3 programs in northern New England that have had rural rotations and opportunities for residents for decades, and discuss curricular similarities and differences, and workforce outcomes postresidency. In addition, they share a collaborative curriculum and approach to advocacy that brings residents together to share ideas and projects to learn from each other.

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Gene expression is regulated by controlling distinct steps of the transcriptional cycle, including initiation, pausing, elongation, and termination. Kinases phosphorylate RNA polymerase II (RNA Pol II) and associated factors to control transitions between these steps and to act as central gene regulatory nodes. Similarly, phosphatases that dephosphorylate these components are emerging as important regulators of transcription, although their roles remain less well understood.

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Structures of Trichomonas vaginalis macrophage migratory inhibitory factor.

Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun

December 2024

Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.

Article Synopsis
  • Trichomonas vaginalis is a one-celled parasite that causes trichomoniasis, the most common nonviral STD worldwide, and it uses mimicry of human proteins to evade the immune system.
  • The parasite produces a protein called TvMIF, which helps it survive stress, boosts prostate cell growth, and triggers inflammation, paralleling the effects of human MIF.
  • Recent studies have revealed the structure of TvMIF, showing it has a similar shape to human versions, suggesting that understanding this protein can aid in developing new drugs.
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Article Synopsis
  • * There is a growing need for alternative treatments due to drug resistance in H. pylori, leading to research at the Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease (SSGCID) into potential drug targets, specifically Glutamyl-tRNA synthetase (GluRS).
  • * The SSGCID has successfully determined the structure of H. pylori GluRS, which shares significant similarities with other bacterial GluRS, presenting opportunities for drug discovery aimed at developing new antibacterials to combat H. pylori infections.
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The risk of shortcutting in deep learning algorithms for medical imaging research.

Sci Rep

November 2024

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, One Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH, 03756, USA.

Article Synopsis
  • Deep learning (DL) can recognize intricate patterns in data that humans might miss, but it often leads to misleading results due to its black-box nature and a problem known as algorithmic shortcutting.
  • In a case study, simple convolutional neural networks (CNNs) were able to predict patient behaviors like avoiding refried beans or beer just by analyzing knee X-rays, showcasing the dangers of relying on shortcuts in data interpretation.
  • The findings highlight that the models' predictions are influenced by confounding factors in the images that cannot be easily eliminated, indicating a need for stricter criteria when assessing research involving medical imaging.
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Health-related quality of life profiles of adults with arthritis and/or fibromyalgia: a cross-sectional study.

Qual Life Res

November 2024

The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, 03756, USA.

Purpose: Adults with arthritis experience poor health-related quality of life (HRQOL), though research often focuses on single HRQOL outcomes or summary scores. We aimed to identify HRQOL profiles in adults with different arthritis types and determine risk and protective factors.

Methods: Data including PROMIS-29 Profile v2.

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The Bidirectional Relationship Between Sleep and Pain in Crohn's Disease: A Daily Diary Study.

Inflamm Bowel Dis

November 2024

Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 5510 Nathan Shock Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.

Background: Pain is common in Crohn's disease (CD) even after endoscopic healing is achieved. Depression, sleep disturbances, fatigue, and worry about pain impact the pain experience. There is a bidirectional relationship between sleep and pain, though it has received minimal attention in CD.

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The Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) blood test is still the only screening tool for prostate cancer. It is recommended between the ages of 50 and 69 as part of a shared decision making process between a patient and his or her doctor using a decision aid, as the test carries a significant risk of overdiagnosis. If a patient wishes to be screened, either because he is at higher risk, or because he places greater importance on a modest reduction in cancer-related mortality, the frequency of screening depends on his age, family history, and whether he is part of a high-risk group.

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Article Synopsis
  • Onchocerca volvulus is responsible for serious health issues, including blindness and neurological diseases, and current treatments like ivermectin can't be safely used in pregnant women or those co-infected with Loa loa.
  • Researchers at the Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease have successfully produced and crystallized a potential drug target called OvMIF-1, which has a unique jellyfish-like structure.
  • The study suggests that deleting its N-terminal tag could reveal a larger cavity for drug targeting, indicating the need for further analysis to confirm the true biological structure of OvMIF-1.
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