Planned Surgical Trajectory Affects Clinical Motor Outcome in Deep Brain Stimulation Targeted at Subthalamic Nucleus for Parkinson's Disease.

Background And Objectives: Surgical planning is critical to achieve optimal outcome in deep brain stimulation (DBS). The relationship between clinical outcomes and DBS electrode position relative to subthalamic nucleus (STN) is well investigated, but the role of surgical trajectory remains unclear. We sought to determine whether preoperatively planned DBS lead trajectory relates to adequate motor outcome in STN-DBS for Parkinson's disease (PD).

Assessing walking speed in persons with a lower-limb amputation: Test-retest reliability of the 10-m walk test.

Background: Preferred walking speed (PWS), maximal walking speed (MWS), and walking speed reserve (WSR)-the difference between MWS and PWS-can be easily obtained from the 10-m walk test (10MWT) to assess walking ability and function. However, their test-retest reliability has not been determined in persons with unilateral lower-limb amputation (LLA).

Objectives: To determine the reliability of the PWS, MWS, and WSR obtained from the 10MWT in persons with LLA.

Buparlisib and Paclitaxel in Patients with Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Immunogenomic Biomarkers of Efficacy from the BERIL-1 Study.

Background: BERIL-1 was a randomized phase 2 study that studied paclitaxel with either buparlisib, a pan-class I PIK3 inhibitor, or placebo in patients with recurrent or metastatic (R/M) head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC). Considering the therapeutic paradigm shift with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) now approved in the first-line setting, we present an updated immunogenomic analysis of patients enrolled in BERIL-1, including patients with immune-infiltrated tumors.

Objective: The objective of this study was to identify biomarkers predictive of treatment efficacy in the context of the post-ICI therapeutic landscape.

Dementia Diagnosis Unawareness and Caregiver Burden in a Multi-ethnic Cohort.

Background: Previous reports suggest patient and caregiver lack of awareness of dementia. Little is known about how this varies by ethnicity and how informal (family) caregiver burden is associated with knowing a dementia diagnosis.

Objective: To investigate whether participants with probable dementia were aware of a diagnosis provided by a physician and how this differed among Mexican American and non-Hispanic White participants; whether having a primary care physician was associated with dementia diagnosis unawareness; and the association of dementia diagnosis unawareness with caregiver burden.

The CD74 inhibitor DRhQ improves short-term memory and mitochondrial function in 5xFAD mouse model of Aβ accumulation.

Neuroinflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction are early events in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and contribute to neurodegeneration and cognitive impairment. Evidence suggests that the inflammatory axis mediated by macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) binding to its receptor, CD74, plays an important role in many central nervous system (CNS) disorders such as AD. Our group has developed DRhQ, a novel CD74 binding construct which competitively inhibits MIF binding, blocks macrophage activation and migration into the CNS, enhances anti-inflammatory microglia cell numbers and reduces pro-inflammatory gene expression.

Outcomes for infants with BRUE diagnosed with oropharyngeal dysphagia or gastroesophageal reflux disease: a multicenter study from the Pediatric Health Information System Database.

We aimed to determine the prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and oropharyngeal dysphagia as explanatory diagnoses, risk factors for acid suppression treatment, and risk factors for repeat hospital visit in infants hospitalized after brief resolved unexplained event (BRUE) using a multicenter pediatric database. We performed a multicenter retrospective database study of infants admitted with BRUE in the Pediatric Health Information System between 2016 and 2021. Data included diagnostic testing, explanatory diagnoses, treatment with acid suppression, and related repeat hospital visits within 6 months.

Bioeffects of Nanoplastics: DNA Damage and Mechanism.

Nanoplastics, as emerging contaminants, have been causing great panic, potentially affecting human health in recent years. Some studies have indicated that nanoplastics may induce severe toxicity. However, the mechanisms underlying this potential toxicity are insufficiently understood.

Contributions of short- and long-range white matter tracts in dynamic compensation with aging.

Optimal brain function is shaped by a combination of global information integration, facilitated by long-range connections, and local processing, which relies on short-range connections and underlying biological factors. With aging, anatomical connectivity undergoes significant deterioration, which affects the brain's overall function. Despite the structural loss, previous research has shown that normative patterns of functions remain intact across the lifespan, defined as the compensatory mechanism of the aging brain.

Feasibility of IR-MALDESI Mass Spectrometry Imaging of PFAS.

Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a class of emerging contaminants that have been in use industrially since the 1940s. Their long-term and extensive commercial use has led to their ubiquitous presence in the environment. The ability to measure the bioconcentration and distribution of PFAS in the tissue of aquatic organisms helps elucidate the persistence of PFAS as well as environmental impacts.

Ammonia Decomposition Catalyzed by Co Nanoparticles Encapsulated in Rare Earth Oxide.

We fabricated Co-based catalysts by the low-temperature thermal decomposition of R-Co intermetallics (R = Y, La, or Ce) to reduce the temperature of ammonia cracking for hydrogen production. The catalysts synthesized are nanocomposites of Co/RO with a metal-rich composition. In the Co/LaO catalyst derived from LaCo, Co nanoparticles of 10-30 nm size are enclosed by the LaO matrix.

Construction of a Heterostructured Alloy-Molybdenum Nitride Catalyst for Enhanced NH Production via Nitrate Electrolysis.

Here, we reported a highly efficient nitrate electroreduction (NORR) electrocatalyst that integrated alloying and heterostructuring strategies comprising FeCo alloy and MoN (FeCo-MoN/NC). Notably, the maximum NH Faraday efficiency (FE) of 83.24%, NH yield of 12.

Pressure-dependent kinetic analysis of the NH potential energy surface.

The pressure-dependent reactions on the NH potential energy surface (PES) have been investigated using CCSD(T)-F12/aug-cc-pVTZ-F12//B2PLYP-D3/aug-cc-pVTZ. This study expands the NH PES beyond the previous literature by incorporating a newly identified isomer, NHN, along with additional bimolecular reaction channels associated with this isomer, namely NNH + H and HNN(S) + H. Rate coefficients for all relevant pressure-dependent reactions, including well-skipping pathways, are predicted using a combination of transition state theory and master equation simulations.

Multimodal imaging of murine cerebrovascular dynamics induced by transcranial pulse stimulation.

Introduction: Transcranial pulse stimulation (TPS) is increasingly being investigated as a promising potential treatment for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although the safety and preliminary clinical efficacy of TPS short pulses have been supported by neuropsychological scores in treated AD patients, its fundamental mechanisms are uncharted.

Methods: Herein, we used a multi-modal preclinical imaging platform combining real-time volumetric optoacoustic tomography, contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging, and ex vivo immunofluorescence to comprehensively analyze structural and hemodynamic effects induced by TPS.

In Situ Spectroscopic Probing of the Hydroxylamine Pathway of Electrocatalytic Nitrate Reduction on Iron-Oxy-Hydroxide.

Crystalline γ-FeO(OH) dominantly possessing ─OH terminals (𝛾-FeO(OH)), polycrystalline γ-FeO(OH) containing multiple ─O, ─OH, and Fe terminals (𝛾-FeO(OH)), and α-FeO majorly containing ─O surface terminals are used as electrocatalysts to study the effect of surface terminals on electrocatalytic nitrate reduction reaction (eNORR) selectivity and stabilization of reaction intermediates. Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis and electrochemically determined surface area suggest a high active surface area of 117.79 m g (ECSA: 0.

Clinical criteria for limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy.

Limbic predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy neuropathologic change (LATE-NC) is highly prevalent in late life and a common co-pathology with Alzheimer's disease neuropathologic change (ADNC). LATE-NC is a slowly progressive, amnestic clinical syndrome. Alternatively, when present with ADNC, LATE-NC is associated with a more rapid course.

AAPM Truth-based CT (TrueCT) reconstruction grand challenge.

Background: This Special Report summarizes the 2022, AAPM grand challenge on Truth-based CT image reconstruction.

Purpose: To provide an objective framework for evaluating CT reconstruction methods using virtual imaging resources consisting of a library of simulated CT projection images of a population of human models with various diseases.

Methods: Two hundred unique anthropomorphic, computational models were created with varied diseases consisting of 67 emphysema, 67 lung lesions, and 66 liver lesions.

Aminobenzoic Acid Covalently Modified Polyoxotungstates Based on {XW} Clusters with Proton Conductivity Property.

Three cases of aminobenzoic acid hybrid polyoxotungstates, Na(HO)[(HPWO) (OCCHNH)]·7HO (), K(HO)[(AsWO)(OCCHNH)]·4HO (), and [(HN(CH)]Na(HO)[(SbWO) (OCCHNH)]·7HO (), were successfully synthesized. This is the first report of the successful assembly of the hexanuclear {XW} (X = HP, As, or Sb) clusters and organic carboxylic acid (para aminobenzoic acid) ligands. All three hybrids feature a common {XW} unit composed of a six-membered {WO} octahedral ring capped by one {XO} trigonal pyramid.

Making waves: Harnessing anammox bacteria coupled with dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium for sustainable wastewater management.

Anaerobic ammonia oxidation (anammox) which converts nitrite and ammonium to dinitrogen gas is an energy-efficient nitrogen removal process. One of the bottlenecks for anammox application in wastewater treatment is the stable supply of nitrite for anammox bacteria. Dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) is a process that converts nitrate to nitrite and then to ammonium.

Intramolecular noncovalent C-bonding driven conformational preference in spiroisatin-based -acyl hydrazones.

Noncovalent carbon bonding (C-bonding), a recently explored σ-hole interaction, has primarily been characterized through X-ray structural and computational studies. Evidence of C-bonds in solution is scarce, especially in highly polar solvents like DMSO where solvation effects typically overshadow weak non-covalent interactions. In this work, we present three novel spiroisatin-based -acyl hydrazones (1-3) in which C-bonds play a critical role in stabilizing the conformation in solution.

Exploration of interprofessional collaboration for the diagnosis of infections and antibiotic prescription in nursing homes using multiple case study observational research.

Background: Antibiotic resistance in nursing homes (NHs) is inconsistently tackled by antimicrobial stewardship programmes. The literature on individual determinants of antibiotic prescriptions (APs) in NHs is extensive. However, less is known about the structural determinants of AP in NHs.

Preventing Infant Mortality Through Medicaid-Administered Prenatal Care Coordination: Evidence From Wisconsin.

Objective: To estimate associations between Wisconsin Medicaid's Prenatal Care Coordination (PNCC) program and infant mortality.

Data Sources And Study Setting: We analyzed birth records, Medicaid claims, and infant death records for all resident and in-state Medicaid-paid live deliveries during 2010-2018.

Study Design: We measured PNCC exposure during pregnancy dichotomously (none; any) and categorically (none; assessment/care plan only; service receipt).

A Streamlined High-Throughput LC-MS Assay for Quantifying Peptide Degradation in Cell Culture.

Peptides are widely used in biomaterials due to their ease of synthesis, ability to signal cells, and modify the properties of biomaterials. A key benefit of using peptides is that they are natural substrates for cell-secreted enzymes, which creates the possibility of utilizing cell-secreted enzymes for tuning cell-material interactions. However, these enzymes can also induce unwanted degradation of bioactive peptides in biomaterials, or in peptide therapies.

Identifying risk factors for vomiting during diarrhea: A secondary analysis of a randomized trial of zinc supplementation.

Objectives: Supplemental zinc during acute diarrhea reduces illness duration but also increases vomiting. In a recent trial, we found that children receiving lower daily doses of zinc (5 mg or 10 mg vs. 20 mg) had lower rates of vomiting with comparable stool output and duration of diarrhea.

Mortality trends, sex, and racial disparities in older adults due to abdominal aortic aneurysm: a nationwide cross-sectional analysis.

Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) are a significant vascular pathology in older adults, often asymptomatic but with high mortality upon rupture. Despite advancements in diagnostic imaging and surgical interventions, AAAs remain a public health concern. This research letter analyzed CDC WONDER data on AAA-related deaths (ICD-10 I71.

Trends and disparities in age, sex, ethnoracial background, and urbanization status in adult mortality due to thoracic aortic aneurysm: a retrospective nationwide study in the United States.

Introduction: Thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAA) are a significant health concern, with the true prevalence likely underestimated due to undiagnosed cases. Outcomes in TAA are influenced by factors like age, sex, and comorbidities such as hypertension. This study examines mortality trends and disparities associated with TAA in US adults.