Impacts of Weather Anomalies and Climate on Plant Disease.

Predicting the effects of climate change on plant disease is critical for protecting ecosystems and food production. Here, we show how disease pressure responds to short-term weather, historical climate and weather anomalies by compiling a global database (4339 plant-disease populations) of disease prevalence in both agricultural and wild plant systems. We hypothesised that weather and climate would play a larger role in disease in wild versus agricultural plant populations, which the results supported.

Enhanced room temperature ammonia gas sensing based on a multichannel PSS-functionalized graphene/PANI network.

Disordered polymerization of polymers widens the polymerization degree distribution, which leads to uncontrollable thickness and significantly weakens their sensing performance. Herein, poly(sodium -styrenesulfonate)-functionalized reduced graphene oxide (PSS-rGO) with multichannel chain structures coated with thin polyaniline layer (PSS-rGO/PANI) nanocomposites was synthesized a facile interfacial polymerization route. The morphology and microstructure of the PSS-rGO/PANI nanocomposites were characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Sir2 and Fun30 regulate ribosomal DNA replication timing via MCM helicase positioning and nucleosome occupancy.

The association between late replication timing and low transcription rates in eukaryotic heterochromatin is well known, yet the specific mechanisms underlying this link remain uncertain. In , the histone deacetylase Sir2 is required for both transcriptional silencing and late replication at the repetitive ribosomal DNA (rDNA) arrays. We have previously reported that in the absence of , a de-repressed RNA PolII repositions MCM replicative helicases from their loading site at the ribosomal origin, where they abut well-positioned, high-occupancy nucleosomes, to an adjacent region with lower nucleosome occupancy.

Assessment of potentially unnecessary antibiotic use for suspected urinary tract infections in nursing homes using a simplified algorithm.

Background: Nursing home (NH) residents are frequently treated with antibiotics for urinary tract infections (UTIs), often due to overdiagnosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the proportion of potentially unnecessary antibiotic use for suspected UTIs in NHs across eight European countries.

Research Design And Methods: Over a three-month period (February to April 2024), NH professionals recorded information on all antibiotic treatments for UTIs using a specific registration chart.

Effect of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Doping of Reduced Graphene Oxide in the Hydrogen Evolution Catalytic Activity of Supported Ru Nanoparticles.

Three different cathodic materials for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) consisting of Ru nanoparticles (NPs) supported onto a bare and two doped reduced graphene oxides (r-GO) have been studied. Ru NPs have been synthesized in situ by means of the organometallic approach in the presence of each reduced graphene support (bare (rGO), N-doped (NH-rGO) and P-doped (P-rGO)). (HR)TEM, EDX, EA, ICP-OES, XPS, Raman and NMR techniques have been used to fully characterize the obtained rGO-supported Ru materials.

Response of native (Quercus robur L.) and alien (Quercus rubra L.) species to water stress and nutrient input in European temperate ecosystems.

Drought and nutrient-poor soils can increase the invasive potential of non-native species, further changing the ecosystems they invade. The high adaptability of these alien species, especially in their efficient use of resources, improves their resilience against abiotic stress. Here, we evaluated the response of the North American Quercus rubra L.

AlphaFold and Docking Approaches for Antibody-Antigen and Other Targets: Insights From CAPRI Rounds 47-55.

Accurate modeling of the structures of protein-protein complexes and other biomolecular interactions represents a longstanding and important challenge for computational biology. The Critical Assessment of PRedicted Interactions (CAPRI) experiment has served for over two decades as a key means to assess and compare current approaches and methods through blind predictive scenarios, highlighting useful strategies, and new developments. Here we describe the performance of our laboratory's team in recent CAPRI rounds, which included submissions for 10 modeling targets.

Application of perovskite type oxide La Ce coo in lignin depolymerization and mono-phenol preparation.

This study successfully prepared La Ce CoO ( = 0.2, 0.4, 0.

Efficient adsorptive removal of potassium from potassium perrhenate solution using a cationic ion exchange resin.

Potassium is a harmful impurity in the rhenium sinter, which adversely affects its mechanical properties by significantly reducing the density of sintered rhenium. Cationic resin is a promising material for potassium removal. In this study, the strong acid cationic exchange resin C160H was pretreated with an HNO solution to enhance its performance in potassium removal.

Building electrode/electrolyte interphases in aqueous zinc batteries via self-polymerization of electrolyte additives.

Aqueous zinc batteries offer promising prospects for large-scale energy storage, yet their application is limited by undesired side reactions at the electrode/electrolyte interface. Here, we report a universal approach for the building of an electrode/electrolyte interphase (EEI) layer on both the cathode and the anode through the self-polymerization of electrolyte additives. In an exemplified Zn||VO·nHO cell, we reveal that the glutamate additive undergoes radical-initiated electro-polymerization on the cathode and polycondensation on the anode, yielding polyglutamic acid-dominated EEI layers on both electrodes.

Optimization and action mechanism of pollutant removal performance of unsaturated vertical flow constructed wetland (UVFCW) driven by substained-release carbon source.

Constructed wetland (CW) technology has attracted much attention due to its economical and environmentally friendly features. The low dissolved oxygen (DO) and low carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratio in the wetland influent water affect the treatment performance of CW, resulting in a decrease in the removal efficiency of ammonia nitrogen (NH -N) and nitrate nitrogen (NO -N). In order to address this problem, this study optimized the pollutants removal performance of unsaturated vertical flow constructed wetland (UVFCW) by adding sustained-release carbon sources (corn cobs + polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT)).

Nitrogen fertilizer application for improving the biomass, quality, and nitrogen fixation of alfalfa ( L.) at different growth stages in a saline‒alkali soil.

Background: The application of nitrogen (N) fertilizer to alfalfa ( L.) has received little attention due to the ability of this plant to fix N. However, N deficiency stress is often observed in marginal lands of China, especially in saline-alkali soils.

Microalgae-based biofertilizers improve fertility and microbial community structures in the soil of potted tomato.

Continuous cropping decreases soil nutrients and destroys microbial community structure, so the development of eco-friendly and effective biofertilizers is necessary under present conditions. In this study, the preserving microalgal strain sp. (H) was firstly selected to be combined with agroforestry waste (shell powder, straw fermentation liquid) and the agroforestry microorganism sp.

External low energy electromagnetic fields affect heart dynamics: surrogate for system synchronization, chaos control and cancer patient's health.

All cells in the human body, including cancer cells, possess specific electrical properties crucial for their functions. These properties are notably different between normal and cancerous cells. Cancer cells are characterized by autonomous oscillations and damped electromagnetic field (EMF) activation.

Transcatheter salvage of dying Glenn - An innovative strategy for postGlenn thrombosis.

PostGlenn thrombosis is an infrequent, serious complication requiring immediate attention, which is not uncommon in a resource-limited setting where patients are often lost to follow-up and have poor compliance with medications. This rare complication has infrequently been reported in the past. We describe a case of a massive thromboembolic event in a patient presenting acutely in a decompensated state 14 years after initial palliation by Glenn shunt.

Challenges and opportunities in 2D materials for high-performance aqueous ammonium ion batteries.

Aqueous ammonium ion batteries (AAIBs) have attracted considerable attention due to their high safety and rapid diffusion kinetics. Unlike spherical metal ions, NH forms hydrogen bonds with host materials, leading to a unique storage mechanism. A variety of electrode materials have been proposed for AAIBs, but their performance often falls short in terms of future energy storage needs.

Identify structures underlying out-of-equilibrium reaction networks with random graph analysis.

Network measures have proven very successful in identifying structural patterns in complex systems (, a living cell, a neural network, the Internet). How such measures can be applied to understand the rational and experimental design of chemical reaction networks (CRNs) is unknown. Here, we develop a procedure to model CRNs as a mathematical graph on which network measures and a random graph analysis can be applied.

Integrative co-registration of elemental imaging and histopathology for enhanced spatial multimodal analysis of tissue sections through TRACE.

Summary: Elemental imaging provides detailed profiling of metal bioaccumulation, offering more precision than bulk analysis by targeting specific tissue areas. However, accurately identifying comparable tissue regions from elemental maps is challenging, requiring the integration of hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) slides for effective comparison. Facilitating the streamlined co-registration of whole slide images (WSI) and elemental maps, TRACE enhances the analysis of tissue regions and elemental abundance in various pathological conditions.

Postbiotic studies of mixed cultures of and B-5P produced b rumen producing short-chain fatty acid.

Background And Aim: Postbiotics are functional bioactive compounds or bioactive molecules with beneficial effects on health and functional activities in humans or livestock, produced by probiotic bacteria or yeast. Several postbiotics, including enzymes, short-chain fatty acids, amino acids, extracellular polysaccharides, microbial cell fragments, and teichoic acids, are currently being widely studied. This study aimed to explore the potential of secondary metabolites of and as lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and yeast isolated from Budu (fermented fish) which can act as postbiotics through rumen fermentation.

Au-Decorated TiC MXene Sensor for Enhanced Detection of Gaseous Toxins (CO, COCl, HS, NH, NO): A DFT Study.

The rising level of toxic gases in the environment poses a high demand for efficient gas sensing materials. MXenes, an emerging class of two-dimensional (2D) materials, have gained significant interest in this area for having an active-site rich structure, tunable surface properties, and remarkable stability. Herein, an extensive density functional theory (DFT) study is conducted to investigate the sensing properties of pristine and Au-functionalized TiC MXene for five toxic gas molecules: CO, COCl, HS, NH, and NO.

Synergistic Effect of Amino-Modified Co-MOF and APP on Improvement of the Fire Safety of the Rigid Polyurethane Foam.

The combustion of rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF) generates significant amounts of toxic and high-temperature smoke, which restricts its application. Here, an amino-modified Co-MOF (NH-Co-MOF) was synthesized and it was used in conjunction with ammonium polyphosphate (APP) to decrease the flammability of RPUF. We obtained the expected results: the fire safety of RPUF was greatly enhanced by the addition of NH-Co-MOF and APP.

Preparation and Adsorption Performance of Walnut Waste-Based Magnetic Activated Carbon with High Specific Surface Area.

Magnetic activated carbon (MAC) derived from agricultural waste shows significant potential for the removal of norfloxacin (NOR) from wastewater. However, understanding the removal mechanisms, efficiency, and recyclability of MAC produced from walnut green husk and ferrocene for NOR remains a challenge. In this study, walnut green husk-based MAC (HQP-MC) was synthesized, and changes in surface functionality, mechanisms for NOR removal, and major influencing factors were investigated.

Steric and Electronic Effects of Zirconocenealkyl-Borate Ion Pairs on Catalyst Activation: A Theoretical Study.

The effectiveness of metallocene catalysts in the cationic ring-opening polymerization (cationic ROP) of ε-caprolactone (CL) is influenced by the choice of metallocene/borate systems, particularly their bulkiness. Recent research examines this effect on the initiation and propagation stages of cationic ROP. We conducted a density functional theory study on the precatalyst activation of cationic CL ROP by zirconocene/borate catalysts, where four models of zirconocene precatalysts (CpZrMe (), (MeCp)CpZrMe (), (MeCp)ZrMe (), and IndZrMe ()) were combined with boron cocatalysts B(CF) and [X][B(CF) ] (X = PhC or PhMeNH).

Unraveling the Positive Role of WO on Supported Vanadium Catalysts for NO Reduction by Operando Spectroscopy.

Selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides (NO ) by ammonia (NH-SCR) over supported vanadium catalysts is a commercial technology for NO abatement in combustion exhaust. The addition of tungsten oxide (WO) significantly enhances the performance of supported vanadium catalysts (VO/TiO), but the mechanism underlying this enhancement remains controversial. In this study, we employed combined operando spectroscopy (DRIFTS-UV-vis-MS) to investigate the dynamic state of active sites (acid sites and redox sites) on VO-WO/TiO during the NH-SCR reaction.

Chemical Functionalization of Cellulose Nanofibrils with 2-Aminoethyl Hydrogen Sulfate.

The chemical functionalization of cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) was carried out using 2-aminoethyl hydrogen sulfate as the reagent under various experimental conditions via a bimolecular nucleophilic substitution (S2) reaction. The functionalized CNFs were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy-attenuated total reflectance. The results indicate that the chemical modification was successful, as evidenced by the presence of a band at 1540 cm, corresponding to the N-H bond of the amine group.