Direct Prediction of 48 Month Survival Status in Patients with Uveal Melanoma Using Deep Learning and Digital Cytopathology Images.

Background: Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common primary intraocular malignancy in adults. The median overall survival time for patients who develop metastasis is approximately one year. In this study, we aim to leverage deep learning (DL) techniques to analyze digital cytopathology images and directly predict the 48 month survival status on a patient level.

Blockade of LIF and PD-L1 Enhances Chemotherapy in Preclinical PDAC Models.

: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), expecting to be the second leading cause of cancer deaths by 2030, resists immune checkpoint therapies due to its immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) is a key target in PDAC, promoting stemness, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and therapy resistance. Phase 1 clinical trials showed anti-LIF therapy is safe but with limited efficacy, suggesting better outcomes when combined with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or immunotherapy.

Pediatric Intensive Care Provider Attitudes About Children with Medical Complexity and Neurologic Impairment: A Qualitative Study.

(1) Background: Children with medical complexity (CMC) and neurologic impairment (NI) are a growing population in pediatric intensive care units (PICUs). (2) Objective: Our aim was to explore and describe the experiences and beliefs of PICU providers caring for CMC with NI. (3) Methods: A qualitative interview-based study was conducted.

Nanoparticles for Biomedical Use Derived from Natural Biomolecules: Tannic Acid and Arginine.

: Tannic acid (TA) is a well-known natural phenolic acid composed of ten gallic acids linked to each other with ester bonding possessing excellent antioxidant properties in addition to antimicrobial and anticancer characteristics. Arginine (ARG) is a positively charged amino acid at physiological pH because of nitrogen-rich side chain. : Here, poly(tannic acid-co-arginine) (p(TA-co-ARG)) particles at three mole ratios, TA:ARG = 1:1, 1:2, and 1:3, were prepared via a Mannich condensation reaction between TA and ARG by utilizing formaldehyde as a linking agent.

Dysregulation of Metabolic Peptides in the Gut-Brain Axis Promotes Hyperinsulinemia, Obesity, and Neurodegeneration.

Metabolic peptides can influence metabolic processes and contribute to both inflammatory and/or anti-inflammatory responses. Studies have shown that there are thousands of metabolic peptides, made up of short chains of amino acids, that the human body produces. These peptides are crucial for regulating many different processes like metabolism and cell signaling, as they bind to receptors on various cells.

Optimized Method to Generate Well-Characterized Macrophages from Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells.

: Macrophages play a pivotal role in various pathogenic processes, necessitating the development of efficient differentiation techniques to meet the high demand for these cells in research and therapy. Human macrophages can be obtained via culturing peripheral blood monocytes; however, this source has limited yields and requires patient contact for each proposed use. In addition, it would be difficult to perform gene editing on peripheral blood monocytes.

Lymph Node Adiposity and Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease.

: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), previously known as the most common chronic liver disease, is soon to be the leading indication for liver transplantation; however, the diagnosis may remain occult for decades. There is a need for biomarkers that identify patients at risk for MASLD and patients at risk for disease progression to optimize patient management and outcomes. Lymph node adiposity (LNA) is a novel marker of adiposity identified within axillary lymph nodes on screening mammography.

Extracellular Cold-Inducible RNA-Binding Protein and Hemorrhagic Shock: Mechanisms and Therapeutics.

Hemorrhagic shock is a type of hypovolemic shock and a significant cause of trauma-related death worldwide. The innate immune system has been implicated as a key mediator in developing severe complications after shock. Inflammation from the innate immune system begins at the time of initial insult; however, its activation is exaggerated, resulting in early and late-stage complications.

Elderhood and Healthy Aging from an Indigenous Perspective.

Researchers have outlined the components of healthy aging, and a 2022 scoping review by Quigley et al. examined healthy aging from Indigenous perspectives. Quigley's review reinforced the notion that Indigenous health, and thus healthy aging, is a holistic concept.

Diabetes Management Using a Patient Navigator in a Native Hawaiian Population: Experiences and Perceptions of the Kilolani Project.

Native Hawaiians (NHs) are a historically oppressed population disproportionately burdened by diabetes and related complications. The Kilolani Project, a patient navigator-centered, chronic disease management program, targets upstream drivers of health among vulnerable NH adult patients with diabetes within an urban academic safety-net clinic. To investigate the impact of the Kilolani Project, we performed a qualitative study to examine patient perspectives.

Advances in Fluorescence Techniques for the Detection of Hydroxyl Radicals near DNA and Within Organelles and Membranes.

Hydroxyl radicals (OH), the most potent oxidants among reactive oxygen species (ROS), are a major contributor to oxidative damage of biomacromolecules, including DNA, lipids, and proteins. The overproduction of OH is implicated in the pathogenesis of numerous diseases such as cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and some cardiovascular pathologies. Given the localized nature of OH-induced damage, detecting OH, specifically near DNA and within organelles, is crucial for understanding their pathological roles.

Phytochemical and Bioactivity Evaluation of Bee Pollen and Androecia of , , and Species.

Qualitative and quantitative differences in the chemical composition between bee pollen originated from (Türkiye and Slovenia), spp. (Türkiye and Slovenia), and spp. (Türkiye) and androecia of , , and (apetalous trees) were evaluated for the first time by new high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) methods using marker compounds.

Analysis on Bacterial Community of Algal Blooms Near Pingtan Island, China.

, known as a global red tide species, is a common red tide species found in Pingtan Island. To examine the bacterial community structure in different environments during the red tide period of on Pingtan Island, samples were collected from the Algal Bloom Area (ABA), Transition Area (TA), and Non-Algal Bloom Area (NBA) on 6 April 2022, and the environmental physicochemical factors and bacterial community were determined. The outbreak of red tide significantly impacted the water quality and bacterial community structure in the affected sea area.

Molybdenum Can Regulate the Expression of Molybdase Genes, Affect Molybdase Activity and Metabolites, and Promote the Cell Wall Bio-Synthesis of Tobacco Leaves.

Molybdenum (Mo) is widely used as a micronutrient fertilizer to improve plant growth and soil quality. However, the interactions between cell wall biosynthesis and molybdenum have not been explored sufficiently. This study thoroughly investigated the regulatory effects of different concentrations of Mo on tobacco cell wall biosynthesis from physiological and metabolomic aspects.

FAM98 Family Proteins Play Distinct Roles in Osteoclastogenesis and Bone Resorption.

There are three FAM98 family proteins (FAM98A/B/C) in humans and mice. Their physiological functions remain largely unknown. We have previously reported that Fam98a interacts with Plekhm1 in murine osteoclasts and functions in lysosome trafficking/secretion and bone resorption in osteoclasts in vitro.

Screening of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Fermented Cowpea and Optimization of Biomass Production Conditions.

Considering the four characteristics of strains, including acid production, acid tolerance, salt tolerance, and nitrite degradation rate, NCU006063 was selected as the fermentation agent, and the medium composition of NCU006063 was optimized using Plackett-Burman and central composite rotational design. Three of the seven factors studied in the Plackett-Burman design significantly affected the viable counts. A central composite rotational design was used to optimize the significant factors and generate response surface plots.

Surgery impairs glymphatic activity and cognitive function in aged mice.

Delirium is a common complication in elderly surgical patients and is associated with an increased risk of dementia. Although advanced age is a major risk factor, the mechanisms underlying postoperative delirium remain poorly understood. The glymphatic system, a brain-wide network of perivascular pathways, facilitates cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow and supports the clearance of metabolic waste.

Words to live by: Using medic impressions to identify the need for prehospital lifesaving interventions.

Background: Prehospital emergencies require providers to rapidly identify patients' medical condition and determine treatment needs. We tested whether medics' initial, written impressions of patient condition contain information that can help identify patients who require prehospital lifesaving interventions (LSI) prior to or during transport.

Methods: We analyzed free-text medic impressions of prehospital patients encountered at the scene of an accident or injury, using data from STAT MedEvac air medical transport service from 2012 to 2021.

Natural killer cells occupy unique spatial neighborhoods in HER2 and HER2 human breast cancers.

Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes are considered clinically beneficial in breast cancer, but the significance of natural killer (NK) cells is less well characterized. As increasing evidence has demonstrated that the spatial organization of immune cells in tumor microenvironments is a significant parameter for impacting disease progression as well as therapeutic responses, an improved understanding of tumor-infiltrating NK cells and their location within tumor contextures is needed to improve the design of effective NK cell-based therapies. In this study, we developed a multiplex immunohistochemistry (mIHC) antibody panel designed to quantitatively interrogate leukocyte lineages, focusing on NK cells and their phenotypes, in two independent breast cancer patient cohorts (n = 26 and n = 30).

Salivary gland stem/progenitor cells: advancing from basic science to clinical applications.

Salivary gland stem/progenitor cells (SSPCs) hold significant potential for regenerative medicine, especially for patients suffering from salivary gland dysfunction due to various causes such as radiation therapy, Sjögren's syndrome, and aging. This review provides a comprehensive overview of SSPCs, including their characteristics, isolation, culture techniques, differentiation pathways, and their role in tissue regeneration. Additionally, we highlight recent advances in cell- and tissue-based therapies, such as SSPC transplantation and bioengineered organ replacements.

Knockdown of zebrafish tmem242 enhances the production of ROS that signals to increase f9a expression resulting in DIC-like condition.

Transmembrane proteins (TMEMs) are embedded in cell membranes and often have poorly understood functions. Our RNAseq analysis identified 89 tmem genes in zebrafish thrombocytes, leading to further investigation through knockdown experiments and gill bleeding assays. Knockdown of tmem242 significantly increased bleeding, indicating a role in hemostasis.

Multi-assay assessment of cytotoxicity reveals multiple mechanisms of action in 3D microtissues.

Cell viability assays are an integral component of toxicology and high-throughput drug screening studies; however, many assays rely on a single biomarker of cell death which provides an incomplete assessment of cell viability. Here, we introduce an innovative approach that combines data from multiple assays using a linear mixed effects regression model and principal component analysis. We explored the cytotoxic response of various assay-treatment combinations using four assays with distinct mechanisms of action and seven different treatments across three types of microtissue cultures.

A paper-based HPV E7 oncoprotein assay for cervical precancer detection at the point of care.

Cervical cancer, while preventable through screening and treatment of cervical precancer, remains a global challenge with a disproportionately high burden of disease in resource-limited settings, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Lack of affordable, easy-to-use screening and diagnostic tests contributes to this disparity. Most commercially available tests are not appropriate for use in LMICs due to resource constraints.

Green approach to synthesis polymer composites based on chitosan with desired linear and non-linear optical characteristics.

The current study used sustainable and green approaches to convey polymer composites with desired optical properties. The extracted green tea dye (GTD) enriched with ligands was used to synthesize zinc metal complexes. Green chitosan biopolymer incorporated with green synthesized metal complex using casting technique was used to deliver polymer composites with improved optical properties.

Enhancing CO reduction with formamide-Ni@TiO catalyst.

Formamide condensation with Ni can generate the NC structure, widely recognized as an efficient catalyst for electrocatalytic CO reduction reaction (CORR). To improve the utilization efficiency of Ni atoms, we introduced metal oxides as substrates to modulate the growth of a formamide-Ni (FA-Ni) condensate. FA-Ni@TiO demonstrated 2.