Genomic strategies to facilitate breeding for increased β-Glucan content in oat (Avena sativa L.).

Background: Hexaploid oat (Avena sativa L.) is a commercially important cereal crop due to its soluble dietary fiber β-glucan, a hemicellulose known to prevent cardio-vascular diseases. To maximize health benefits associated with the consumption of oat-based food products, breeding efforts have aimed at increasing the β-glucan content in oat groats.

Woody plant reinvasion shortens the lifespan of grassland restoration treatments.

An important question in restoration ecology is whether restored ecological regimes are more vulnerable to transitions back to a degraded state. In woody-invaded grasslands, high-intensity fire can collapse woody plant communities and induce a shift back to a grass-dominated regime. Yet, legacies from woody-dominated regimes often persist and it remains unclear whether restored regimes are at heightened vulnerability to reinvasion.

TClC effectively suppresses the growth and metastasis of NSCLC via polypharmacology.

Despite significant advances in targeted therapies and immunotherapies, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) continues to present a global health challenge, with a modest five-year survival rate of 28 %, largely due to the emergence of treatment-resistant and metastatic tumors. In response, we synthesized a novel bioactive compound, ethyl 6-chlorocoumarin-3-carboxylyl L-theanine (TClC), which significantly inhibited NSCLC growth, epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), migration, and invasion and tumor growth and metastasis without inducing toxicity. TClC disrupts autocrine loops that promote tumor progression, particularly in stem-like CD133-positive NSCLC (CD133+ LC) cells, which are pivotal in tumor metastasis.

Effect of feeding high oleic soybean oil to finishing pigs on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality.

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary fat source and feeding duration on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality of finishing pigs. A total of 450, 21-wk-old finishing pigs with an average body weight of 113.7 ± 8 kg were housed in 90 pens assigned to one of five dietary treatments in a 2 × 2 + 1 factorial design.

Biomass-Based Microbial Protein Production: A Review of Processing and Properties.

A rise in population and societal changes have increased pressure on resources required to meet the growing demand for food and changing dietary preferences. The increasing demand for animal protein is concerning and raises questions regarding sustainability due to its environmental impact. Subsequently, scientists seek alternative proteins, such as microbial proteins (MPs), as an environmentally friendly choice.

Identification of novel candidate genes for Ascochyta blight resistance in chickpea.

Ascochyta blight, caused by the necrotrophic fungus Ascochyta rabiei, is a major threat to chickpea production worldwide. Resistance genes with broad-spectrum protection against virulent A. rabiei strains are required to secure chickpea yield in the US Northern Great Plains.

Intranasal administration of angiotensin receptor shRNA to brain lowers blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats.

Neurogenic hypertension (NH) is characterized by heightened sympathetic activity mediated by angiotensin II in specific brain areas including the paraventricular nucleus and circumventricular organs. While strategies targeting sympathetic activity have shown effectiveness in managing NH, their invasive nature hinders their widespread clinical adoption. Conversely, nose-to-brain drug delivery is emerging as a promising approach to access the brain with reduced invasiveness.

Trends and Disparities in Non-fatal Firearm Injuries among Working-Age Adults in the United States, 2000-2021.

Firearm-related injuries remain a significant public health issue in the United States, with patterns and trends among various age groups not well characterized. This study analyzed time series trends and disparities in firearm injury rates among U.S.

International Symposium on Ruminant Physiology: One-carbon metabolism in beef cattle throughout the production cycle.

One-carbon metabolism (OCM) is a series of connected pathways involving the methionine-folate cycles, transsulfuration, polyamine synthesis, nucleotide synthesis, free-radical scavenging, and energy metabolism. These pathways functionally depend upon amino acids (methionine, glycine, and serine), vitamins (folate, B, B, and B), and minerals (sulfur, cobalt, and zinc). Growing bodies of research indicate that in beef cattle, physiological stage, nutritional plane, diet, species (Bos taurus vs.

Pelvic fractures and thoracolumbar spine injury: A critical overlook in high-impact vehicular trauma management.

Introduction: Pelvic fractures (PF) occur in up to 9 % of trauma cases, primarily from high-impact events, and are associated with increased morbidity and mortality due to frequent concomitant injuries. Thoracolumbar (TL) spinal fractures, particularly at the T10-L2 junction, are also common in high-energy trauma but are less frequently examined in association with PF. Missed TL fractures can lead to serious neurological deficits.

Wheat arabinoxylans: Insight into structure-function relationships.

Arabinoxylan (AX), a key non-starch polysaccharide found in the cell walls of cereals like wheat, holds significant importance in the food industry. Recently, it has attracted attention due to its numerous health benefits. While the benefits of wheat arabinoxylans are well-established, a more comprehensive understanding of the relationship between their structure and functional properties is essential.

"Utility of social vulnerability index in trauma: A systematic review".

Introduction: Traumatic injuries remain a leading cause of mortality across age groups. Despite advancements in medical care, addressing the broader determinants of health is essential. Social determinants of health (SDOH), including socioeconomic factors, play a crucial role in patient outcomes.

Genetic mapping of QTLs for resistance to bacterial leaf streak in hexaploid wheat.

Robust QTLs conferring resistance to bacterial leaf streak in wheat were mapped on chromosomes 3B and 5A from the variety Boost and on chromosome 7D from the synthetic wheat line W-7984. Bacterial leaf streak (BLS), caused by Xanthomonas translucens pv. undulosa poses a significant threat to global wheat production.

Mechanical and Thermal Characteristics of Films from Glycerol Mixed Emulsified Carnauba Wax/Polyvinyl Alcohol.

Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)-based films have drawn significant attention owing to their potential applications in various industries. The application of wax to PVA films enhanced their resistance to dissolution and water infiltration. Nevertheless, waxed PVA films often exhibit inadequate mechanical properties owing to crack formation.

Sugar beet root susceptibility to storage rots and downregulation of plant defense genes increases with time in storage.

Storage rots are a significant cause of postharvest losses for the sugar beet crop, however, intrinsic physiological and genetic factors that determine the susceptibility of roots to pathogen infection and disease development are unknown. Research, therefore, was carried out to evaluate the disease development in sugar beet roots caused by two common storage pathogens as a function of storage duration and storage temperature, and to identify changes in the expression of defense genes that may be influencing the root susceptibility to disease. To evaluate root susceptibility to disease, freshly harvested roots were inoculated with Botrytis cinerea or Penicillium vulpinum on the day of harvest or after 12, 40, or 120 d storage at 5 or 12 °C and the weight of rotted tissue present in the roots after incubation for 35 d after inoculation were determined.

A naturalistic assessment of the relationship between negative affect and loss of control eating over time following metabolic and bariatric surgery.

Disordered eating behavior has been linked to suboptimal weight outcomes following metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS), thereby threatening the most efficacious treatment for severe obesity. While up to 40% of patients may experience loss of control (LOC) eating following MBS, mechanisms driving this behavior are not fully understood. Preliminary evidence suggests that high levels of negative affect (NA) in the moment prompt LOC eating post-MBS; however, it remains unclear whether this momentary relationship is stable or changes over the first several years following surgery.

The effects of concentration, duration of exposure, size and surface function of polymethyl methacrylate micro/nanoplastics on human liver cells.

Micro/nanoplastics (MP/NP) are pervasive contaminants that are detected throughout the environment in diverse matrices. Exposure to MP/NP have been demonstrated in humans by their presence in numerous body fluids and tissues. Due to the large quantity of production and broad applications, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) MP/NP have frequently been measured in surveys of microplastics in the environment.

Kiss1 receptor knockout exacerbates airway hyperresponsiveness and remodeling in a mouse model of allergic asthma.

Background: In asthma, sex-steroids signaling is recognized as a critical regulator of disease pathophysiology. However, the paradoxical role of sex-steroids, especially estrogen, suggests that an upstream mechanism or even independent of estrogen plays an important role in regulating asthma pathophysiology. In this context, in our previous studies, we explored kisspeptin (Kp) and its receptor Kiss1R's signaling in regulating human airway smooth muscle cell remodeling in vitro and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) in vivo in a mouse (wild-type, WT) model of asthma.

Microbial Protein and Metabolite Profiles of in a Bubble Column Bioreactor.

The production of microbial proteins (MPs) has emerged as a critical focus in biotechnology, driven by the need for sustainable and scalable alternatives to traditional protein sources. This study investigates the efficacy of two experimental setups in producing MPs using the nitrogen-fixing bacterium . , known for its facultative anaerobic growth and capability to fix atmospheric nitrogen, offers a promising avenue for environmentally friendly protein production.