The Relationship Between Hispanic Ethnicity and Outcomes for Infants Born Extremely Preterm.

Objective: To characterize the association between maternal ethnicity and infant survival to discharge without major morbidity.

Study Design: This is secondary analysis of a prospective cohort of infants born <27 weeks of gestation at NICHD Neonatal Research Network centers from 2006 through 2020. The primary outcome was survival to discharge without major morbidity (sepsis, necrotizing enterocolitis, bronchopulmonary dysplasia grade 3, intracranial hemorrhage grade ≥3, periventricular leukomalacia, and advanced retinopathy of prematurity).

Gut microbiomes are largely unchanged when exposed to their amphibian host's latitudinally variable upper thermal limit.

Climate change will increase the frequency and severity of temperature extremes. Links between host thermal physiology and their gut microbiota suggest that organisms' responses to future climates may be mediated by their microbiomes, raising the question of how the thermal environment influences the microbiome itself. Vertebrate gut microbiomes influence the physiological plasticity of their hosts via effects on immunity, metabolism, and nutrient uptake.

A proposed screening strategy for evaluating the genotoxicity potential of botanicals and botanical extracts.

Botanicals have long been used to promote health and treat diseases, but the safety of many currently marketed botanicals has not been adequately evaluated. Given the chemical complexity of botanicals, which often contain numerous unknown constituents, and their widespread use, comprehensive toxicity assessments are needed. The Botanical Safety Consortium was established to address this challenge.

Impact of Spinal Instrumentation on Early Postoperative Inflammatory Markers: A Comparative Analysis in the Same Patient Cohort with or without Instrumentation.

Backgrounds: Postoperative inflammatory parameters are important markers of surgical site infection. Some authors have reported that spine surgery with instrumentation elevates CRP levels more than that without instrumentation does. However, those studies compared early postoperative inflammatory markers with or without instrumentation in different patients, although CRP levels vary widely among patients.

Basophil activation test; User's manual.

Immediate allergic responses, orchestrated by basophils and mast cells, are pivotal in severe allergic reactions. The flow cytometry-based Basophil Activation Test (BAT) is a clinically important assay for testing allergic reactions using CD63 and CD203c as endpoints. The test measures the concentration dependent response to the allergens providing a functional readout of the patients' allergies.

Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators and Cardiovascular Resynchronization Therapy with Left Ventricular Assist Devices: A MOMENTUM 3 Trial Analysis.

Background: The benefit of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICD) and cardiovascular resynchronization therapy (CRT-D) in patients supported with a HeartMate 3 left ventricular assist device (LVAD) remains uncertain.

Methods: An analysis of the MOMENTUM 3 randomized clinical trial and the first 1000 patients in the Continued Access Protocol trial. Patients were divided into three groups based on the presence of ICD and/or CRT-D: No device (n=153, 11%), ICD only (n=699, 50.

Influence of work intensity on acute kidney injury risk during simulated occupational heat stress.

Violation of the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) heat stress recommendations by exceeding the allowable wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT) for a given work intensity and work-rest ratio augments acute kidney injury (AKI) risk. Here we tested the hypothesis that exceeding the allowable work intensity at a given WBGT and work-rest ratio would also worsen AKI risk. Twelve healthy adults completed two NIOSH recommendation compliant trials and one noncompliant trial consisting of a 4 h (half workday) exposure.

Associations between weather extremes and faecal contamination along pathogen transmission pathways in rural Bangladeshi households: a prospective observational study.

Background: Weather extremes are predicted to influence pathogen exposure but their effects on specific faecal-oral transmission pathways are not well investigated. We evaluated associations between extreme rain and temperature during different antecedent periods (0-14 days) and Escherichia coli along eight faecal-oral pathways in rural Bangladeshi households.

Methods: We used data from the WASH Benefits Bangladesh cluster-randomised controlled trial (NCT01590095).

Mapping hotspots of zoonotic pathogen emergence: an integrated model-based and participatory-based approach.

Background: An increase in pandemics of zoonotic origin has led to a growing interest in using statistical prediction to identify hotspots of zoonotic emergence. However, the rare nature of pathogen emergence requires modellers to impose simplifying assumptions, which limit the model's validity. We present a novel approach to hotspot mapping that aims to improve validity by combining model-based insights with expert knowledge.

A novel approach to assess coordination in people with transtibial amputations using continuous and event relative phase.

Continuous relative phase (CRP) quantifies coordination for cyclic motions as the difference in the phase portrait locations between its constituent coordinates and has been widely used in populations with neuromuscular impairments. Continuous analyses, like statistical parameter mapping (SPM), provide greater resolution than traditional techniques that first compress CRP across a section of the cycle to a single point, like mean average relative phase (MARP). However, both analyses neglect the effect of intermediate event timing (e.

Organizational resilience in emergency healthcare: Lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic in five Danish hospitals.

The COVID-19 pandemic created significant challenges for healthcare professionals and the provision of hospital care, leading to immense stress and rapidly changing conditions. Hospitals had to constantly adapt their organizational structures and strategies to manage the crisis. This study examines the organizational responses of Danish emergency hospitals during the first COVID-19 surge, focusing on resilience in anticipation, coping, and learning.

Behavior and fate of ITER-like tungsten nanoparticles in freshwater ecosystems produced during operation and maintenance.

Within the ITER project (International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor) an international project building a magnetic confinement device to achieve fusion as a sustainable energy source, tungsten (W) is planned to serve as a plasma-facing component (PFC) in the tokamak, a magnetic confinement device used to produce controlled thermonuclear fusion power. Post plasma-W interactions, submicron tungsten particles can be released. This study investigated the exposure of lentic freshwater ecosystems to ITER-like tungsten nanoparticles in indoor aquatic mesocosms.

Systematic review and meta-analysis of family-based interventions for early psychosis: Carer and patient outcomes.

Background: Previous reviews have indicated that family interventions in early psychosis are beneficial for patients and family caregivers. Given recent developments in research and service provision an updated review is warranted.

Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of family intervention trials in the first 5 years after psychosis onset.

Assessing riparian functioning condition for improved ecosystem services: A case study of the Back Creek watershed (Virginia, USA).

Riparian functioning condition refers to a rating and description of the current ecological status of a reach of a riparian ecosystem in consideration of its potential hydrology, vegetation, and geomorphology. Reach rating options are Proper Functioning Condition (PFC), Functional-At-Risk (FAR), Non-Functional, and apparent or monitored trends. We assessed the functioning condition of flowing riverbank areas of Back Creek located in Virginia (USA) following a PFC protocol developed by the U.

Paediatric strategy forum for medicinal product development in diffuse midline gliomas in children and adolescents ACCELERATE in collaboration with the European Medicines Agency with participation of the Food and Drug Administration.

Fewer than 10 % of children with diffuse midline glioma (DMG) survive 2 years from diagnosis. Radiation therapy remains the cornerstone of treatment and there are no medicinal products with regulatory approval. Although the biology of DMG is better characterized, this has not yet translated into effective treatments.

Molecular classification of endometrial cancers (EC) and association with relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) outcomes: Ancillary analysis of GOG-0258.

Purpose: Determine if molecular classification using mismatch repair (MMR) and p53 protein expression predicts recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) in endometrial cancer (EC) patients treated with chemotherapy and radiation (CRT) versus chemotherapy (CT).

Methods: GOG-0258, a phase III randomized trial (NCT00942357), compared CRT to CT. Immunohistochemistry assessed MMR and p53 status.

Lewis Base-Enhanced C-H Bond Functionalization Mediated by a Diiron Imido Complex.

Herein, we investigate the effects of ligand design on the nuclearity and reactivity of metal-ligand multiply bonded (MLMB) complexes to access an exclusively bimetallic reaction pathway for C-H bond functionalization. To this end, the diiron alkoxide [Fe(Dbf)] () was treated with 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl azide to access the diiron imido complex [Fe(Dbf)(μ-NCHF)] () that promotes hydrogen atom abstraction (HAA) from a variety of C-H and O-H bond containing substrates. A diiron bis(amide) complex [Fe(Dbf)(μ-NHCHF)(NHCHF)] () was generated, prompting the isolation of the analogous bridging amide terminal alkoxide [Fe(Dbf)(μ-NHCHF)(OCH)] () and the asymmetric pyridine-bound diiron imido [Fe(Dbf)(μ-NCHF)(NCH)] ().

Precision Metal Nanoclusters Meet Proteins: Crafting Next-Gen Hybrid Materials.

Metal nanoclusters (NCs), owing to their atomic precision and unique molecule-like properties, have gained widespread attention for applications ranging from catalysis to bioimaging. In recent years, proteins, with their hierarchical structures and diverse functionalities, have emerged as good candidates for functionalizing metal NCs, rendering metal NC-protein conjugates with combined and even synergistically enhanced properties featured by both components. In this Perspective, we explore key questions regarding why proteins serve as complementary partners for metal NCs, the methodologies available for conjugating proteins with metal NCs, and the characterization techniques necessary to elucidate the structures and interactions within this emerging bionano system.

Efficacy of a clinical decision support tool to promote guideline concordant evaluations in patients with high-risk microscopic hematuria: a cluster randomized quality improvement project.

Purpose: We aimed to determine whether implementation of clinical decision support (CDS) tool integrated into the electronic health record (EHR) of a multi-site academic medical center increased the proportion of patients with American Urological Association (AUA) "high risk" microscopic hematuria (MH) who receive guideline concordant evaluations.

Materials And Methods: We conducted a two-arm cluster randomized quality improvement project in which 202 ambulatory sites from a large health system were randomized to either have their physicians receive at time of test results an automated CDS alert for patients with 'high-risk' MH with associated recommendations for imaging and cystoscopy (intervention) or usual care (control). Primary outcome was met if a patient underwent both imaging and cystoscopy within 180 days from MH result.

Relationships Among Caregiver Burden, Psychological Flexibility Processes, and Depressive Symptoms in Family Caregivers of People with Dementia: Path Analyses.

This study examined relationships among caregiver burden, depressive symptoms, and key processes related to psychological flexibility (experiential avoidance, cognitive fusion, values-driven actions, and mindfulness) in 157 family caregivers of individuals with dementia in the United States. Path analyses were used. Participants' mean age was 59.

The X chromosome's influences on the human brain.

Genes on the X chromosome are extensively expressed in the human brain. However, little is known for the X chromosome's impact on the brain anatomy, microstructure, and functional networks. We examined 1045 complex brain imaging traits from 38,529 participants in the UK Biobank.

Acceptability, feasibility and appropriateness of intensified health education, SMS/phone tracing and transport reimbursement for uptake of voluntary medical male circumcision in a sexually transmitted infections clinic in Malawi: A mixed methods study.

Introduction: Uptake of voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) remains a challenge in many settings. Innovative implementation strategies are required to scale-up VMMC uptake.

Methodology: RITe was a multi-faceted intervention comprising transport reimbursement (R), intensified health education (IHE) and SMS/Telephone tracing (Te), which increased the uptake of VMMC among uncircumcised men with sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in Malawi.

A pangenome analysis reveals the center of origin and evolutionary history of Phytophthora infestans and 1c clade species.

We examined the evolutionary history of Phytophthora infestans and its close relatives in the 1c clade. We used whole genome sequence data from 69 isolates of Phytophthora species in the 1c clade and conducted a range of genomic analyses including nucleotide diversity evaluation, maximum likelihood trees, network assessment, time to most recent common ancestor and migration analysis. We consistently identified distinct and later divergence of the two Mexican Phytophthora species, P.

Changes in urinary concentrations of contemporary and emerging chemicals in commerce during the COVID-19 pandemic: Insights from the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) program.

Previous research indicates that the COVID-19 pandemic catalyzed alterations in behaviors that may impact exposures to environmental endocrine-disrupting chemicals. This includes changes in the use of chemicals found in consumer products, food packaging, and exposure to air pollutants. Within the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) program, a national consortium initiated to understand the effects of environmental exposures on child health and development, our objective was to assess whether urinary concentrations of a wide range of potential endocrine-disrupting chemicals varied before and during the pandemic.

Ensifentrine in COPD patients taking long-acting bronchodilators: A pooled post-hoc analysis of the ENHANCE-1/2 studies.

Background: The efficacy and safety of ensifentrine, a novel PDE3/PDE4 inhibitor, were previously evaluated in the ENHANCE-1 (NCT04535986) and ENHANCE-2 (NCT04542057) trials. Here, we present a pooled post-hoc subgroup analysis of patients according to background chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) maintenance medication regimens.

Objective: This analysis aimed to explore the efficacy and safety of ensifentrine in patients receiving long-acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMA) or long-acting beta-agonists with inhaled corticosteroids (LABA + ICS).